Municipal preschool educational institution

Kindergarten No. 19, Rzhev

Report on the topic:

"Spiritual moral education preschoolers through the development of speech "

teacher speech therapist

Makhova Elena Viktorovna

Rzhev

2017

“It's hard to disagree with someone who claims

that without Christianity, the Orthodox faith,

without the culture that emerged on their basis, it is unlikely

Russia would take place. Therefore, it is important to return

to these primary sources when we re-acquire

ourselves, we are looking for the moral foundations of life "

V. Putin

A good man makes good out of the good treasure of his heart, and evil person from the evil treasure of his heart he brings out evil, for out of the abundance of his heart his mouth speaks.

Without patriotism, there is no state or people ... Patriotism is a spiritual phenomenon, it is also associated with spiritual traditions. You cannot call for patriotism. It is necessary to slowly and seriously educate the spiritual principle in a person.

The harmonious development of a child is the basis for the formation of a future personality. It depends on the successful solution of many educational tasks, among which the questions of moral and aesthetic education occupy a special place. The concepts of ethics and aesthetics in the pedagogical process are always closely interconnected.

Indeed, it is impossible to teach a child the truth, goodness without forming in him the concepts of "beautiful" "and ugly", "true" and good in nature and people.

Spiritual and moral education of preschoolers allows you to correctly form a worldview, civic position, family values and moral guidelines. At the heart of modern classes in the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers is Orthodox pedagogy, which contains the spiritual and moral components necessary for the spiritual development of society and the state.

Education of the soul (i.e. spiritual and moral education) is a continuous process, it begins with the birth of a person and continues throughout life, this is a very broad concept that consists of components: morality, patriotism, citizenship.It is gratifying that at the present time, when the process of the spiritual revival of Russia begins, from January 1, 2014 came into forceGEF DO , which consolidates the priority of spiritual and moral education of preschoolers.

So in General provisions noted thatone of the basic principles of preschool education is to familiarize children with socio-cultural norms, traditions of the family, society and the state.

It is no secret that at present the number of children with speech disorders is increasing. In the structure of the defect in children with speech pathology there is a decrease not only in the level speech development, but also a decrease in the level of the cognitive sphere, which also leads in some cases to the difficulty of bringing up spiritual and moral norms in them.

Taking into account all the features of the development of thinking of children with speech impairment, at the speech therapy center and in groups of our preschool institution, we pay great attention to creating a diverse subject-spatial environment that contains materials on local history, familiarization with the home country, state symbols, the historical past of Russia, work is organized on folk calendar, matched didactic games, illustrations, thematic folders depicting a family, decorated family photo albums. The feeling of patriotism is multifaceted in its content. It is important to show the child that the native land of the city is famous for its history, traditions, sights, monuments.

The upbringing of patriotism is diverse in its content, it runs as a red thread in my work in the process of studying lexical topics, the formation of the correct grammatical structure speech and the development of the child's related speech skills.

In connection with the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard preschool education teachers and in particular I are looking for new approaches, ideas in their teaching activities.

Productive learning is replacing traditional education, which is aimed at development creativity, the formation of preschoolers' interest in creative activity.

Each nation has its own fairy tales and all of themindulge in from generation to generation moral values, kindness, friendship, mutual assistance, hard work. Works of oral folk art not only form love for the traditions of their people, but also contribute to the development of personality in the spirit of patriotism. I have selected literature on folklore - fairy tales, songs, epics,legends ... A card index of proverbs, sayings, phrases, tongue twisters about family, friendship, good and evil, work, homeland, courage, courage has been issued.

It is known that fairy tales have great potential for positive moral teachings. Fairy tales teach children to follow the commandments given to man by God, to live in harmony with themselves and the world. Therefore, in the course of its correctional work I pay great attention to familiarizing children with fairy tales. In addition to direct speech therapy classes, I conduct short-term pedagogical projects, in the process of which I acquaint children with Russian traditions and customs.

One of the promising methods to help solve this problem is a laptop. A laptop is a collective image of a poster, a book and a handout that teaches you to think and act creatively within a given topic, expanding not only your horizons, but also forming the skills necessary to overcome difficulties and solve the problem. Studying this new direction, I concluded that a laptop is a great way to consolidate a certain topic with children, to comprehend the content of the book, to conduct research work, in the process of which the child participates in the search, analysis and sorting of information.

Today I want to present to your attention an interactive thematic folder with elements of the theatrical activity of Lapbook "Visiting a Fairy Tale". It includes a set of games and tasks aimed at developing coherent speech, fine motor skills, memory, attention, logical thinking, imagination, observation, and a tabletop screen for organizing theatrical activities.

This manual allowed me with children and parents to organize joint pleasant and fabulous get-togethers where children listen, Russians tell folk tales and stories, learn to retell them, compose and analyze fairy-tale situations and characters of heroes, which contributes to the formation of skills correct behavior in certain situations.I am sure that my children can draw conclusions that good is rewarded to those who live following moral laws, that is, do good, do not do evil: "Do not kill", "Honor your father and mother", "Do not lie", "Do not envy ".

It is impossible to imagine spiritual and moral education without a variety of theatrical and musical holidays and entertainment. In our preschool introduce children to folk holidays and festivities ("Christmas", "Maslenitsa", "Easter", "Victory Day", etc.). In preparation for the holidays, we teach children poems, songs, roles.

We look at albums with pictures of elegant costumes, admire dolls in national costumes... We conduct conversations about the works of folk craftsmen to help children understand how pleasant it is to make beautiful and necessary things for people, to please their loved ones, relatives and friends.

Families and kindergarten are two priority places where the full-fledged formation of a person as a person takes place. The family is the guarantee of the spiritual education of the child

In its correctional speech therapy work involve parents in activities that promote joint activities with children. To widely apply both group and individual forms of work with parents:

conversations; consultations: "Education of independence and responsibility", "How to organize the work of children at home"; joint contests: "Gifts of Autumn", "My Herbarium" handicrafts from natural material, handicrafts from vegetables, seasonal exhibitions of joint works " Christmas toys»; joint work children and parents on the themes: "My family", "How I spent the summer." We design photo albums, which the guys then constantly turn to, show each other photos of their families. Children share their impressions, learn to listen to each other, show interest in the interlocutor. As part of a joint pedagogical project with parents, I organize, together with educators, child-parent holidays, master classes "Hurray the sound was born", "Chistaya Rechenka" seminars, workshops. The main purpose of these activities is to correct speech deficiencies as well as foster love for their relatives and family.

At the end of my speech, I want to summarize that in a speech therapy work organized in a certain way, there will always be a place for the spiritual enrichment of children, the formation of high moral qualities in them, the formation of a sense of patriotism, pride in their land and homeland.

Children are often compared to a flower. And we teachers observe how a little man grows, how a flower appears from a tiny bud over time, we do not know exactly what it will be, we can only dream. And what is our pride when we see what wonderful people our pupils grow up to be.

Dear colleagues, I would like to finish my report with the words of a wonderful teacher Anton Semenovich Makarenko “Our children are our old age. Correct parenting this is our happy old age, bad upbringing - this is our future grief, these are our tears. This is our fault before other people. " Let's remember this. Thank you for the attention

Interest in the problem of upbringing spiritual and moral qualities, its relevance has never weakened, but this issue arose especially acute at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, when changes of a socio-economic and political nature took place in our country, which entailed changes in the sphere of moral - moral values ​​and norms of behavior in society. Negative tendencies have emerged in the moral upbringing of modern children. And the greatest danger that lies in wait for our society today is the destruction of the individual. In modern times, material values ​​dominate spiritual ones, therefore, children's ideas about kindness, mercy, generosity, justice, citizenship and patriotism are distorted: books have faded into the background, their place has been taken by TV screens, computers, from which heroes now constantly enter the child's life. not always distinguished by sincerity or moral purity. Peacefulness, benevolence, generosity often become unknown to modern children.

Raising a baby from the cradle turns into preparation for school and the realization of a successful life career. But for reading books together and discussing the free time read modern parents does not remain. Therefore, it is the teacher who has to fill the gap in the upbringing of children's moral feelings and involve parents in this through the topic of speech development classes in order to help bring up a kind, sensitive, honest, fair person.

In the moral education of preschoolers, the formation of humane relations between children is very relevant. In order to educate the moral qualities of a person in speech development classes, many different activities are carried out: conversations on ethical topics, reading fiction, discussion of positive and negative actions of children. So a shining example classes on the topics "Playground", "Family", "Birthday", "Our favorite room" at the first stages of training and reading of works

KD Ushinsky, LN Tolstoy, AL Barto, V. Oseeva and other classics of children's literature at the fourth stage of education.

A necessary condition for the formation of the child's moral sphere is the organization of joint activities of children in the classroom, contributing to the development of communication and relationships of children with each other, in the process of which the child learns socio-historical experience. This is realized through role-playing games that correspond to the subject of the lesson. For example, in the classroom on the topics "In the store", "In the children's clinic", "Family", "Family lunch" and others. Also, there are conversations, reasoning of children according to diagrams, illustrations

In speech development classes, interest in the world of adults is maintained and steadily developed in children, a desire is awakened to follow what is worthy of imitation, and to objectively evaluate unworthy behavior and activities. If in the first years of study at the Kolokolchik school children consider this side of life based on their own observations, considerations, conversations with a teacher, then by the fourth year of schooling, children themselves can analyze the life situation, or a work of art in the spiritual and moral aspect. If at three years old a child is often unable to understand what it means to share a toy with a peer, and this situation causes contradictory feelings in him, then by six or seven years the same child is able to analyze the situation in the stories of L.N. Tolstoy, and therefore to project the necessary model of behavior into life.

At this level, interest, respect and a benevolent attitude towards people, their activities, culture, and everyday life are already being formed in the child; the idea of ​​the Earth and the life of its inhabitants, of their country begins to form; a sense of citizenship, patriotism, a tolerant attitude towards the inhabitants of the Earth is born.

Thus, through the topics of speech development classes, children develop respect for the moral standards of morality. They learn to distinguish between good and evil, are already able to do good; try to suppress (in different forms) immoral manifestations in the aspirations and actions of other children.

A feeling of love for the Motherland is formed on the basis of the study of national cultural traditions. The ability to perceive and analyze literary works, to express feelings develops, vocabulary is enriched. This tendency is observed in the study of the work of Mordovian writers, Mordovian fairy tales, conversations about the heroic soldiers of our republic, etc. Even homework assignments for 4 levels are aimed at orienting the family to the spiritual and moral education of children.

Thus, visual and verbal methods are proposed for the education of a spiritual and moral personality in speech development classes. The visual method is used during observations; examining book illustrations, reproductions, objects; conducting didactic games.

The verbal method seems to be the most effective in the process of reading literary works by a teacher; conversations, stories of children according to diagrams, illustrations; analysis of everyday situations; reading of literary works by parents.

The main result, which I would very much like to hope for, is the child's assimilation of eternal human values: mercy, compassion, love of truth; in his striving for good and rejection of evil, a positive attitude towards the world around him, other people and himself, the hierarchy of relations with adults and peers, the creation of an optimistic children's picture of the world.

Vasilieva Tatiana Anatolievna
Position: teacher speech therapist
Educational institution: MADOU "Kindergarten No. 368", Perm
Locality: Perm
Material name: article
Theme:"If your child speaks badly"
Date of publication: 07.09.2016
Chapter: preschool education

MUNICIPAL AUTONOMOUS PRESCHOOL

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "Kindergarten No. 368", Perm

Spiritual and moral education

preschoolers with speech disorders in

conditions of the speech center
(speech at the regional conference on spiritual and moral education on the topic: "Spiritual and moral education of children and their parents. Problems and ways to solve them") Prepared by: teacher-speech therapist MADOU "Kindergarten No. 368", Perm Vasilyeva Tatyana Anatolyevna Perm, June 27, 2016

Spiritual and moral education of preschoolers with

speech disorders in a speech center
Dear colleagues, I present to your attention the experience of work on the spiritual and moral education of children with speech impairments in a kindergarten speech center. Dear colleagues, friends! Today we all understand that without morality and spirituality Whom will we bring up now? Now the danger in society is impending: It is not the economy that is falling apart - no. Aggression, cruelty has penetrated into us - And there is no place for justice, for magnanimity. To improve life in the country - We need to raise morality And revive the spiritual foundations. So, Christian traditions return again, And the values ​​of culture as a basis. At the present stage of the development of education, spiritual and moral upbringing is one of the most important tasks in the upbringing of the younger generation. Negative tendencies have appeared in the moral upbringing of modern children: books have faded into the background, their place has been taken by the TV and computer screens. Characters of fairy tales, cartoon characters who watch modern preschoolers, are not always distinguished by moral purity and high spirituality. Material values ​​in many families rise above spiritual ones, therefore, children have distorted ideas about citizenship and patriotism, justice and kindness, mercy and generosity. In pursuit of the development of intelligence, many parents lose sight of the need to work on the education of the soul of their child, on the development of the moral and spiritual qualities of a little person. Teachers are trying to understand again how to instill spiritual and moral values ​​in modern children. The relevance of this task in modern Russia reflected in the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) of preschool education. So in the General Provisions it is noted that one of the basic principles of preschool education is to familiarize children with socio-cultural norms, traditions of the family, society and the state.
Preschool age
- the most important stage in the development of a child. It is during this period that the child joins the world of social values. That's why
at this age, the child needs to lay the foundations of the system of spiritual and moral values. However, one should not count on the fact that morality develops in a child spontaneously - it requires a system of special pedagogical influences. Spiritual and moral education is one of the most important tasks of both general and special pedagogy. It is equally necessary for children with normal speech development and children with speech disorders. However, the presence of certain psychophysical characteristics in children with speech disorders in some cases greatly complicates the formation of their moral qualities of the personality. Who else but them - children with disabilities - are familiar with ridicule and humiliation from normally developing peers? Everyone knows that nowadays children preschool age with speech impairments, more and more are found, and they experience significant difficulties in speech activity which are multifaceted in nature. - this is an unformed sense of language, inability to build a detailed statement, inertia in the choice of language means due to deficiencies in cognitive-speech activity, painful experience about their speech impairment Research studies indicate that mastering the culture of communication by children with speech disorders is difficult due to the difficulty in the formation of the communication skills and abilities themselves, the arbitrary regulation of behavior. This can lead to a reluctance to communicate with peers, inability to address a request or a question to adults, which leads to an insufficient communicative focus of the speech of such children. And the lack of use of words of politeness in their speech, they explain by simple ignorance of them. According to the data obtained in the course of a survey of older preschoolers, it was found that 25% of the subjects among children with speech disorders have inadequate, painful manifestations of emotions, and only 13% of preschoolers with normal development have the same manifestations. Children with speech disorders focus not on positive feelings caused by observing any norm, but on the consequences of the event, that is, the child judges actions by the importance of their consequences, and not by the intentions of a person ("heteronomous morality"). This type of morality is typical for children of an earlier preschool age. The main tasks of the moral education of preschoolers with speech impairments is the formation in children of moral feelings, positive skills and behavioral habits, the foundations of moral qualities, moral ideas and motives of behavior. Spiritual and moral education cannot be reduced from event to event. It should be systematic, continuous and conducted in
unity of direct and indirect educational activities children. Work on the spiritual and moral education of children with speech disorders is not limited only to classes. Systematic work is organized with children in various forms: - speech therapy classes; - reading fiction; - short-term educational practices; - conversations; - child-parenting events within the framework of the work of the child-parent club MADOU "Kindergarten No. 368" "Family from A to Z". Since children with speech impairments have predominantly visual-figurative thinking, it is necessary to saturate the surrounding reality with objects and aids that allow children to more accurately imagine what they are being told about. At the speech center and in groups, a subject-developing environment was created, containing material on acquaintance with the hometown (illustrations, sets of postcards, thematic folders "Perm", "Excursion around Perm", a city map, symbols of the city, models of a kindergarten and its surroundings), edge (map of the region, coats of arms of cities in our region, material introducing children to the glory and achievements of the region), country (map of Russia, sets of postcards about the cities of our country, natural zones), state symbols (coat of arms, flag, anthem, portrait of the President of Russia) , the historical past of Russia (illustrations and thematic folders on topics, folk arts and crafts, Russian toys, dolls in national costumes, fiction and books - coloring books, didactic and role-playing games), as well as material on spiritual and moral education children (photographs depicting temples, fiction on folklore - fairy tales, epics, legends). For lessons with children with speech disorders, more detailed extensive visual material is always prepared. The content of the spiritual and moral education of children with speech disabilities includes: - education of patriotism; - respect for nature; - collectivism, friendship, camaraderie; - humane attitude to people; culture of behavior; - conscious discipline; a positive attitude to work; - legal education and closely interconnected aesthetic, labor and environmental education. The feeling of patriotism is multifaceted in its content. This is love for native places, and the feeling of one's inseparability with the surrounding world, and
pride in your people, and a desire to increase the wealth of your country. But a feeling of patriotism begins to form among preschoolers with love for their immediate environment, with love for their family. It is in the family that the foundations of patriotism of spiritual and moral values, family trades and relations are laid. Patriotic education of preschoolers with speech disorders is a means of correctional and developmental work: for the formation of vocabulary; teaching the correct use of grammatical categories of the native language; development of skills of coherent speech. The upbringing of patriotism is impossible without acquaintance with history and Russian culture, which is carried out on speech therapy classes in the process of children studying the topics: "Dishes", "Furniture", "Clothes", "Shoes", "Our Army", "Professions", "My family", "My home", "My hometown", "My street ". In the course of studying these topics, children expand their vocabulary not only due to modern words, but also recognize outdated words. So, studying the topic "dishes", they get acquainted not only with the meanings of the words "pepper shaker", "gravy boat", "samovar", etc., but also "grab", "rocker", "mortar". They will learn what the dishes are made of and what they were made of before. This leads not only to the accumulation of a nominative vocabulary, but also a vocabulary of features. The feeling of love for the native nature is one of the components of patriotism. It is with the education of love for the native nature that it is possible and necessary to begin the patriotic education of preschoolers. Studying in speech therapy classes various lexical topics related to nature "Vegetables", "Fruits", "Seasons", "Wintering birds", "Migratory birds", "Animals", "Trees", "Flowers", children get acquainted with nature of our region, they learn how rich and interesting it is, learn that it needs to be protected: in winter, feed birds and animals, take care of trees and flowers, and also solve purely speech therapy problems to consolidate relative and possessive adjectives, singular and plural nouns and adjectives, prepositions, children learn to form diminutive nouns, compose and retell stories "At the feeding trough", "Salvation of the hedgehog", "Spring", "Grandfather Mazai and the hares". In classes dedicated to lexical topics, such as "Profession", "My city", "Family", "Bread", we discuss, talk with children about their
affection and love for your family, home, kindergarten, street, city; we are talking about the importance and respect for the work of people of different professions. In addition to directly speech therapy classes, we conduct short-term educational practices, during which we acquaint children with Russian traditions and customs: KOP "Fairy tellers", where children listen, tell Russian folk tales and stories, learn to retell, compose and analyze them. Fairy tales carry deep folk wisdom, permeated with Christian morality. A joint analysis of fairy-tale situations and characters of heroes with children contributes to the formation of the skills of correct behavior in certain situations ("Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka", "The wolf and the seven kids", "Mitten", "How animals helped man"). Fairy tales teach children to follow the commandments given to man by God, to live in harmony with themselves and the world. Children draw conclusions that good is rewarded to those who live following the moral laws: "Do not kill", "Honor your father and mother", "Do not lie", "Do not envy", and retribution comes to those who break the commandments ... Epic heroes are the embodiment of the moral properties of the Russian people: disinterestedness, courage, justice, self-esteem, diligence. Of course, acquaintance with the native language plays an important role in the formation of moral ideas. Therefore, an integral part of speech therapy work in kindergarten is
initiation

children

native language, instilling love for the native language.
Samples of the native language are very vividly represented in fiction, especially in the works of oral folk art (fairy tales, poems, songs, proverbs, sayings, etc.). It is folklore that contains all the values ​​of the native language. In oral folk art, special features of the national character, inherent moral values ​​are preserved. One of the genres influencing the spiritual moral development children are proverbs and sayings. In speech therapy classes, we daily learn proverbs and sayings, tongue twisters and phrases with children. Children at home with their parents repeat learned proverbs, sayings, clean words and learn new ones. Brightness, capacity, emotionality of the image - all this affects the moral and emotional sphere of preschoolers. In proverbs and sayings, in a short form and very aptly, various life moments are evaluated, positive qualities are praised, and human shortcomings are ridiculed.
From the point of view of the formation of patriotic feelings, one cannot fail to note the holidays that are held during the school year: Victory Day, Defenders of the Fatherland Day, Maslenitsa, Christmas, Farewell to Winter, etc. children poems, songs, roles. Kindergarten holidays are an effective means of aesthetic impact on the younger generation, as they reflect the national values ​​of our region, call for work, goodness, beautiful deeds, moral behavior, they reflect the traditions and customs of the Russian people. An important condition for the moral education of a preschooler with speech pathology is the family's attitude to this problem. In this regard, the work of a speech therapist with parents is of particular importance, since it is the family that is the basis in which the moral qualities of the child are formed, which are so necessary in correcting speech deficiencies. To more actively involve parents in the educational process, we use unconventional forms work with parents: master classes, workshops, trainings on the topics: "Struggle for the purity of speech", "I was born with my mother", "Visiting a fairy tale", "Use in work on moral patriotic education children in the kindergarten of the educational potential of the family "," The use of poetry in the education of love for their native land ", group and individual consultations -" The system of interaction between the family and the kindergarten in matters of moral education "," Requirements of modern society to the level of child development. " Within the framework of the club, speech for children and parents is organized "The Celebration of Correct Speech", "Meetings with Book Heroes", intellectual games for each age group"Little Connoisseurs", "In the Land of Grammar"; consultations for parents: "Speech disorders and their causes", "Tips for parents with children with speech disorders", "How to develop auditory perception in children", "We teach children to tell", "Raising and teaching a child with speech disorders" ... The fact that the number of interested parents attending club meetings is growing is encouraging. Within the framework of the "Week of open
doors ”we acquaint parents with the method of acquainting preschoolers with the flora and fauna of the Urals and central Russia. The result of our systematic work with children with speech disorders is that children independently learned to tell fairy tales, they know many riddles, proverbs, signs, with great pleasure they learn poems about nature, play folk games, joined the folk art. Relations between children in play and work have improved. Children began to study more together, began to relate more responsive to each other, rejoice at the successes of their comrades, empathize in case of failure. Children learned to construct detailed statements, became more confident in their communication skills, and as a result, began to communicate more actively with peers and adults. They began to respect people of other nationalities, to the work of adults and their rest. The system of correct moral education develops and strengthens in children the most valuable psychological traits and moral qualities - patriotism and national pride, which is the main task of our society. The moral upbringing of children occurs throughout their life, and the environment in which he develops and grows plays a decisive role in the formation of a child's morality. Therefore, it is impossible to overestimate the importance of the family in the moral education of preschoolers. The family's behaviors are very quickly learned by the child and, as a rule, are perceived by him as a generally accepted norm. Summarizing the above, we can say that in a speech therapy work organized in a certain way, there will always be a place for the spiritual enrichment of children, the formation of high moral qualities in them, the formation of a sense of patriotism, pride in their land and homeland.

Generalization of the experience "Moral education of older preschoolers through fiction"

Introduction
1. Theory
2. Generalization of experience
3. Conclusion
Conclusion

Introduction
“If from childhood the child has not developed a love for the book, whether reading has not become his spiritual need for life, - in the years of adolescence the soul of a teenager will be empty;
V.A. Sukhomlinsky.
Moral education- one of the most difficult and urgent problems, which should be decided today by everyone who is related to children. What we put into the soul of a child now will manifest later, will become his and our life. We constantly talk about the need to revive culture and spirituality in our society, this is directly related to the development and upbringing of a preschooler.
Preschool age is a period of active knowledge of the world around, human relations and the formation of the foundations of the personality of a future citizen. V childhood assimilation of social norms is relatively easy.
The problem of the formation of morality and humanity has always been relevant. Today, in connection with the devaluation of many common human values, the issues of forming a humane attitude towards peers, adults, nature and animals in children are of particular importance.
Each generation has its own values, its own views on life. But there are timeless values ​​and rules of personal and social behavior that one generation passes on to another.
Unfortunately, today in our society the level of behavioral culture has dropped, elementary politeness and benevolence are absent. Children adopt the negative experience of adults, learn not the best patterns of behavior and relationships. Often in a child's environment there are rudeness, violence, cruelty. Therefore, the problem of ethical education of the younger generation is becoming extremely urgent.
Preschool age- the most important stage in the development of a child. It is during this period that the child joins the world of social values. It is at this age that the child enters this huge, amazing and wonderful world. Only in preschool age is the foundation of a system of moral values ​​laid, which will determine the attitude of an adult to the world and its manifestations in all its diversity. The preschooler develops the foundations of his attitude towards himself, towards his close environment and towards society as a whole. In the process of moral upbringing, the concept of family members deepens and expands, the skills of friendly communication with peers are instilled, ideas about the immediate (house, yard, street, city) and distant environment (region, country) are given.
Moral education of a preschooler is a purposeful pedagogical influence on acquainting a child with moral
norms of behavior in the process of various activities.
Over the centuries, many educators, philosophers, writers and educators have been interested in moral education. This is Ya.A. Comenius,
K. D. Ushinsky, L.N. Tolstoy, A.S. Makarenko, V.A. Sukhomlinsky, N.I. Boldyrev, I.F. Kharlamov, I.S. Maryenko, as well as a number of Russian scientists: B.T. Likhachev, L.A. Popov, L.G. Grigorovich, I.P. Podlasiy and others - they consecrate in their works the essence of moral education.

The concept of "moral education" is all-encompassing. It permeates all aspects of human life. That is why the outstanding teacher of our time V.A. Sukhomlinsky, having developed educational system on the all-round development of the personality, quite reasonably believed that its system-forming feature is moral education. "The core of moral education is the development of moral feelings of the individual."
Morality is an integral part of an integrated approach to personality education "The formation of morality is nothing more than the translation of moral norms, rules and requirements into knowledge, skills and habits of personality behavior and their unswerving observance," writes I.F. Kharlamov
At present, when the process of Russia's spiritual revival begins, on January 1, 2014, the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education came into force, which consolidates the priority of the spiritual and moral education of preschoolers.
The federal state educational standard of preschool education puts forward one of the fundamental principles preschool education"Familiarizing children with socio-cultural norms, traditions of the family, society and the state."
So in the General Provisions it is noted that one of the basic principles of preschool education is to familiarize children with socio-cultural norms, traditions of the family, society and the state. Of the many identified tasks, the Standard is aimed at solving the following task: combining education and upbringing into a holistic educational process based on spiritual, moral and socio-cultural values ​​and rules and norms of behavior adopted in society in the interests of a person, family, society.
The main function of moral education is to form in the younger generation a moral consciousness, stable moral behavior and moral feelings corresponding to modern image life, to form an active life position of each person, the habit of being guided in their actions, actions, relationships by feelings of public duty.
Over time, the child gradually masters the norms and rules of behavior and relationships accepted in human society, appropriates, that is, makes his own, belonging to himself, the ways and forms of interaction, expressions of attitude to people, nature, to himself. The result of moral education is the emergence and establishment of a certain set of moral qualities in the personality.
Moral education Is a purposeful process of forming a high consciousness, moral feelings and behavior in the younger generation in accordance with the ideals and principles of morality.
Great attention has always been paid to the upbringing of moral feelings in the history of Russian, Soviet and progressive foreign pedagogy. In the works of K.D. Ushinsky, V.G. Belinsky, N.A. Dobrolyubov, A.I. Herzen. N.G. Chernyshevsky notes that children early begin to feel kindness and justice on the part of adults, peers and are sensitive to various manifestations of kindness and ill will towards them.
In Soviet pedagogy, V.A. Sukhomlinsky paid particular attention to the issue of upbringing the moral feelings of the child. He believed that it is important from an early age to educate a child's feelings, teach him to proportion own desires with the interests of others. He who, in the name of his desires, throws aside the laws of conscience and justice, will never become a real person and citizen.
Psychologists and educators emphasize that children's feelings develop most intensively in preschool childhood.
Moral feelings are formed in children in the process of their relationships with adults and peers. And first there is empathy for joy, and then empathy for grief.
One of the most important conditions for the successful development of a child's moral feelings is the creation by adults of a cheerful environment around him. This was repeatedly pointed out by E.A. Arkin, and emphasized that the child should be given over to joy with all childlike spontaneity. Children often laugh for no reason. You should never extinguish a child's joy. In a state of joy, it seems to the child that everything is available to him, he willingly takes on any business, he has a feeling of self-confidence, in his abilities, he becomes more active, readily fulfills work assignments, helping adults. It is important that adults correctly assess it. state of mind, shared his joy.
To develop the child's ideas about morality, moral behavior the family, the kindergarten, and the surrounding reality are influencing at the same time. The path from the formation in children of knowledge about good to correct behavior is very difficult and must be filled with constant
painstaking work of adults on the development of the moral consciousness of children. While fostering a conscious attitude towards his actions in a child, the teacher must, first of all, himself understand the reasons that prompted the child to perform this or that action, and then certainly find out how he explains it, and, if this explanation is inaccurate or incorrect, try to help the child figure it out. ...
Raising moral feelings in children is a complex process. This is a process of purposeful personality formation. This is a specially organized, controlled and controlled interaction of educators and pupils, whose ultimate goal has the formation of a personality that is necessary and useful to society.
At present, the process of returning the forgotten names of outstanding Russian teachers - scientists and teachers - has begun. Modern pedagogical experience and special studies show that the intellectual potential of a preschooler is much higher than it has been assumed until now. The moral qualities of a person begin to take shape very early, already in the first years of life. How will be brought up Small child in a moral sense, his future, his relationship with the people around him, his fulfillment of his duties to society and the state largely depends. Parenting
in the spirit of communist morality, Soviet preschool pedagogy is always
paid great attention. A huge contribution to the development of these problems
contributed by N.K.Krupskaya and A.S. Makarenko.

The process of forming the moral qualities of a preschool child is much more complex in its composition and depends on a much wider range of conditions than the course of mastering any particular skills or knowledge. Here, the educator is tasked with managing the deep-seated processes of the formation of a child's personality, the nature and patterns of which are still poorly understood. To successfully address these challenges, it is necessary to strengthen scientific work in the field of moral education of children, to organize in-depth pedagogical, psychological and ethical research.

Generalization of experience.

Moral education- the most important aspect of raising a child. He highly appreciated the moral education of L.N. Tolstoy: "Of all the sciences that a person should know, the most important is the science of how to live, doing as much good as possible."
Working with children of preschool age and observing them, I have identified for myself one of the most important tasks in education - this is moral education.
How can a child learn behaviors? Just like everything else: basically, imitating what he sees around him. And literature plays an important role, because vivid artistic images and amazing plots are sometimes engraved in the memory for a lifetime, can lead to deep reflection. For example: rather than telling a little girl from morning to night how bad it is to be a slob, it is better to read "Fedorino Gore" by K. Chukovsky and say that her toys, too, will probably run away, offended by the mess.
For preschoolers, one of the first works of art is children's folklore: fairy tales and small folklore genres. Therefore, she began her work on moral education with the revival of children's interest in fiction.
Based on the experience of working with children, I can safely say that the media often have a negative effect on the moral formation of the character of children. For this, I decided to somehow help parents in fostering humane feelings and attitudes of preschoolers, taking into account their individual characteristics.
In the main general educational program "From birth to school" edited by N.Ye. Veraksa, the principle of upbringing a humanistic orientation through familiarization with universal human values ​​in all types of his activities was put forward as the leading one.
Therefore, the purpose of my work in the moral education of children is to foster respect for traditional values, such as love for parents, respect for elders, caring attitude to kids, elderly people; fostering in children the desire to follow a positive example in their actions.
When planning the work on the “Moral education of older preschoolers through fiction, she set herself the following tasks:
1. Educational
1. To bring up in children love and respect for the book, for the artistic word, folklore.
2. To familiarize children with the origins of folk culture.
3. To cultivate aesthetic and artistic taste.
4. Contribute to the formation of moral qualities: responsiveness, friendliness, the ability to give in, help each other, etc.
2. Developing.
1. Promote the development of children's speech.
2. To develop the ability of children to distinguish good from bad in a fairy tale and in life, the ability to make moral choices.
3. To create conditions for the active involvement of children in speech, music, art, play activities related to children's folklore.
3. Educational.
1. To form moral ideas about the norms of social relations and models of behavior.
2. To acquaint children with fiction.
3. Expand your understanding of the world around you.
4. Teach to see the actions of the heroes and correctly evaluate them.
At the beginning school year carried out pedagogical diagnostics of children in all educational areas, paid special attention to verbal art, including the development of artistic perception and aesthetic taste. We have chosen the method of Natalia Vladimirovna Kosmacheva.
The methodology is a description of indicators and criteria for the formation of moral value orientations in older preschoolers. The cognitive level is revealed by talking with children about such values ​​as kindness - anger, honesty - deceit, justice, greed - generosity, hard work - laziness. Emotive and behavioral levels are identified by purposeful observation of the emotional and behavioral manifestations of children.
According to the results of pedagogical diagnostics of children at the beginning of the school year, 18.5% of children have high level mastering the program, 33.3% - average level, 48.2% of children are at a low level.
Based on this, I outlined a work plan, I studied the necessary literature, made forward planning, systematized the work on this issue.
To form the moral qualities of a preschooler's personality, I used the following principles: consistency, clarity, accessibility, taking into account the age and individual characteristics of children
During the year, I introduced children to a large number of works of children's fiction: I tell fairy tales, show tabletop puppet theaters reading books with illustrations. I form in children the ability to perceive a literary work, as well as some elementary skills to analyze a work (its content and form).
When implementing a long-term plan, I consider the use of conversation with elements of discussion, story, example to be important methods.
Conversation - discussion in a question-and-answer form of actions, facts, events, etc.
When I talk to children, I encourage them to think and speak. In a joint conversation, children learn to fairly evaluate the actions of the heroes of fiction, their peers, learn to understand what is good and what is bad.
I use the following topics of conversations in educational activities: "Be polite to girls", "What is good, what is bad and why," "About a sensitive and kind attitude to comrades," "About a sensitive and kind attitude to people," etc.
When preparing for and conducting a conversation, I take into account the following requirements:
- the content should be interesting for children, close to their experience;
- children should be able not only to answer, but also to ask questions, express their opinion;
- after the conversation, create conditions for the activities of children in accordance with the main conclusions of the children.
I widely use examples of parents, peers, heroes of fiction, adhering to the requirements:
- the sample provided must correspond to the nature of the child's activity and be acceptable to him.
When perceiving works of fiction, I propose questions that encourage children to sympathy, empathy, and reasoning about the actions of the heroes.
During a conversation with children after listening to Artyukhova's literary work "Difficult Evening", I drew attention not only to Alyosha's diligence, but especially to his solicitude.
To achieve the goal of my activity, I use the poems by E. Blaginina “Let's Sit in Silence”. In a conversation with children, we confirm the daughter's manifestation of concern for her tired mother.
To foster sympathy for elders, for all living things (flora and fauna), for toys and various objects, I use a sufficient number of various works of fiction, the list of which is reflected in the perspective plan. Appendix No. 1. Long-term plan.
Discussing with the children the actions of the heroes of V. Kataev's fairy tale "The Flower of the Seven-Flower", I draw the children's attention to the fact that the girl was really happy only when she healed a hopelessly sick boy. She led the children to the conclusion: by doing good to another person, you yourself become happier.
I include children in various types of children's activities based on works of art. For example, children draw based on fairy tales, stories, poems, we arrange children's works for exhibitions children's creativity.
In educational activities, we use games and exercises aimed at mastering emotional responsiveness, non-verbal and verbal communication methods, etc. such games and exercises:
- aimed at developing children's abilities to know themselves and other people ("Affectionate children", "Lados", "Name yourself", "Gift to a friend", etc.);
- aimed at developing emotional awareness ("We are artists", "Masks", etc.);
- aimed at children mastering non-verbal means of communication (“Guess who I am”, “We won't tell you where we were, but we will show you what we did”, etc.);
- aimed at children mastering verbal means of communication ("Silence", "Give a flower", playing with intonations, etc.);
- aimed at mastering the rules of using speech in various social situations ("Talking on the phone", "How should we be", etc.).
I use upbringing situations that induce the child to perform this or that act, action.
I pay great attention to the use of methods of stimulating and motivating activities - encouragement, gratitude, trust, praise, etc. With their help, the child begins to believe in his own strengths and capabilities, his self-esteem rises.
Observing the activities of children, examining the products of children's creativity, I provide a favorable emotional environment in the team, we evaluate the work of children from the standpoint of benefit for others, we share the feeling of happiness with the children.
An important role in the process of moral development of a personality in the early stages is the family, kindergarten and the media. Parents are the first major teachers. But now is a "difficult" time. Many people are strongly influenced by the ideas of materialism, their ideas about the world are distorted, personal benefit becomes higher than morality, honesty, and this affects their spiritual development in a detrimental way.
In order to establish contacts with the family to ensure unity in the upbringing of moral culture, the following forms of work:
- questioning "Moral education of preschoolers";
- group meeting;
- consultations on the topics: "The role of books in the moral education of children", "HOW TO TEACH A CHILD TO BE KIND";
- book exhibitions;
- spent open class with the participation of parents;
- the folder "Recipes of upbringing the morality of a preschooler";
- useful tips;
During the year I spent individual consultations and conversations with parents. During conversations, she convinced parents to communicate more, talk, read fairy tales, learn rhymes, nursery rhymes, songs, i.e. pay more attention to your children.
I try to work in close collaboration with parents, and this provides positive results for the all-round development of the child's personality, and I also try to treat each child kindly, because only tolerance, benevolence, love for children will give positive results.
The great Italian teacher Maria Montessori wrote that children learn to live from life, but if you learn something from life, it is creativity. And creativity is impossible just to "show", you have to solve problems yourself. So the question arises, how can a child get the experience of such a decision by reading fairy tales? Indeed, in fairy tales, all tasks are proposed, it would seem, already in a solved form.
Firstly, I organize the work in such a way that the children perceive the fairy tale as a task for themselves: for example, they look for a solution together with the main character and analyze the relationship between the characters.
Secondly During the study of each fairy tale, the final lessons are devoted to playing, drawing and making up your own stories. This is a necessary part: children learn creativity from the fairy tale.
I believe that the most important thing is to make the child feel the joy of solving problems, intelligent argument, admiration for an unexpected idea. Thinking will work if children understand that they do not need to guess the thoughts of adults, but act independently, without fear of mistakes.
Third, we solve problems in fairy tales using a diagram or a visual model. In preschool children, thinking is visual - it needs some visible support to solve the problem. The child may change his point of view several times. In order not to lose the thread of the discussion (both children and adults) need support. Such a support can be a visual model or diagram. So, with the help of a fairy tale, I develop in children creative thinking, the ability to find answers to problematic questions yourself. And in life we ​​often encounter contradictory, problematic situations. And a person who has developed logic, creativity, the ability to think and solve a problem will always find an answer to a seemingly insoluble problem.
Introducing children to fiction, I tried to choose such works, whose heroes can be admired, imitated, which help in the formation of moral feelings in children: camaraderie, honesty, truthfulness, respect for the work of adults, responsibility for their actions, the ability to see good and evil, contribute to the development in children of love for their native land, for their native nature.
Russian folk tales have long been an essential element of folk pedagogy. They are recognized as scientific pedagogy and have become firmly established in children's life.
During the year, I systematically read Russian folk tales such as "Winged, Shaggy, But Masleniy", V. Mayakovsky's "Who to Be?" I. Vorobiev, D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak, V. Oseeva, Tolstoy, V. Odoevsky "Moroz Ivanovich", KD Ushinsky, E. Prishvin, Voronkova, proverbs about friendship, about work. The reading of works of art is accompanied by a demonstration of visual material. Considering the illustrations and the important point, the drawings of the artists help to understand the meaning of the work. Books were selected expressive, bright - starting with the binding, the quality of paper, printing, illustrations; accessible by language, image, strength expressed feelings... This allows you to more deeply influence the feelings of the child, contributes to the memorization of the text. In this case, a smile, a calm, slightly playful tone, helps. Expressive speech, emotional performance will surely cause pleasure and joy in the baby.
Play is a powerful means of raising children. No wonder this age is called the age of play. In my work with children, I used group games-lessons, games-dramatizations, games-exercises, games-fairy tales, role-playing games. In this regard, from time to time she organized games with children - dramatizations based on literary plots. In any case, I am dramatizing a fairy tale, the children play its plot, master the ways of performing roles in the dramatization, take on the roles of fairy-tale heroes, act in their image. With the help of children's books, I tried to instill moral qualities in children in communication between peers, in a team.

Output
Analyzing the data obtained, I came to the conclusion that the work done on the moral education of older preschoolers through fiction has its positive results. They testify that by the end of the year the level of children was raised. At the end of the school year, 51.9% of children have a high level of mastering the program, 29.6% - an average level, 18.5% of children - a low level.
By the end of the year, children are able to identify the main characters (who are mentioned in the work), retell the text, express their attitude towards them (who they like and why).
Conclusion:
Summing up the results, I concluded that the introduction of the child to literature contributes to moral education. The heroes of the works aroused sympathy for themselves in the children, helped in manifesting in the simplest forms a sense of duty, respect for parents, and the ability to give up their desires. All this was a decisive factor in ensuring the moral development of preschoolers.

Sections: Working with preschoolers

GOALS:

1. Develop the speech of children;
2. To teach to convey the character and mood of the hero with the intonation of the voice;
3. To foster love and a sense of responsibility for their heroes, for the task entrusted (it is beautiful to show the fairy tale to the audience);
4. Develop observation skills, creative thinking, the ability to see spiritual meaning in real events.

We understand that man is not only a social being, but also a spiritual one. This should be remembered in the process of education, without leaving the spiritual side. child development out of sight, but filling it with traditional spiritual ideas and images.

Tasks:

• to acquaint children with the spiritual and moral traditions of the Russian people, with the peculiarities of holidays;
• form an initial idea of ​​the spiritual world;
• to acquaint children with works of fiction;
• foster an attentive, respectful, compassionate attitude towards loved ones;
• to educate love, caring attitude to the flora and fauna;
• foster respect for work and respect for the results of work.

THEME		TASKS	MATERIAL
AUTUMN	Nature and us	Give the concept that we are a community of plants and animals that live together in peace and harmony	An old forest man. Pictures with the image of trees. Riddles. The story "Autumn adventures of rabbits." Experience “Hello, wind”. Staging fairy tale "Little Red Neck"
	“Stop the Wonderful Moment” holiday for older preschool children	To foster love for the Motherland, for the native nature; To develop the ability to notice the beautiful, to correlate the emotional experiences of a person with natural changes.	Songs about autumn. Poetry. Riddles. Children's drawings. Reproductions of artists. Staging fairy tale “You are a mountain ash - blonde”. "My country".
WINTER	"Hello holiday, New Year"	Develop observation, creative thinking, help to see the beautiful. To cultivate a benevolent attitude towards the outside world. To develop in children the desire to please loved ones on a holiday with love, care, good behavior.	Poetry. Songs. Dancing about winter New year, Christmas. Fairy tale "Herringbone"
	“A fairy tale about Good morning”	Teach children to be kind, to be able to fight evil; Do not let evil come into yourself and do not let go of yourself.	Costumes of the participants in the performance. Princess, courtier, Raven, Hedgehog, Storyteller.
	Colorful year. Entertainment for children of senior, preparatory groups.	Learn to distinguish the signs of the seasons. Show the beauty of nature and the surrounding world with the help of music and poetic words.	Poems about the seasons. Characters: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter. Songs, round dances, games. Fairy tale "Easter bun"
SPRING	“Come, spring, with joy” lesson on the development of speech in senior group	Show the beauty of spring through music and poetry. Develop aesthetic feelings and experiences. To foster in children a love and interest in nature.	Poems, songs, dances, round dances, games about spring. Fairy tale "Pysanka for Alenka"
	Our Motherland - Russia	To educate in children feelings of love for the Motherland, its nature, people, shrines. To form in children an idea of ​​Orthodox Russia. To bring up the joy of being born and living in Russia, the desire to become the heirs of the glorious traditions of Russian history.	Reproductions of Russian landscapes. Icons of Russian saints: "The Monk Sergei of Radonezh", "The Monk Seraphim of Sorovsky", "The Holy Princess Olga", "Alexander Nevsky". Icon of All Saints Who Shone in the Land of Russia ”. Discs, cassettes with recordings of songs about the Motherland. Poems about Russia “Here begins paradise” V. Afanasyev, “Hello, Russia” E. Sanin.
	Feast of the Holy Trinity. "Berezkin's name day"	Strengthen the desire of children to live in accordance with the Orthodox calendar. Learn and master the traditions of Orthodox culture.	Reproduction of the icon "Trinity" A. Rublev

THEME:"Come, spring, with joy"

Reading poems about spring with an assignment.

SOFTWARE CONTENT:

Listen to poems, guess what season is depicted in them.

Weather Talk: Finish What I Said. The children finish the line the teacher started.

Develop attention, creative imagination.

DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT:

Pictures with a spring landscape, pictures with various natural phenomena.

PROCESS OF THE LESSON

1. I read the poems "Spring" by Ladonshchikova:

The evil blizzard has fizzled out,
The night has become shorter than the day
A warm wind blows from the south
The drops are falling, ringing
The sun, warming the earth,
Drives ice from our river.
The snow woman melts
And pouring tears in streams.
and "Spring" - Analieva
There is no rest for streams again -
Day and night murmur in the bushes.
The sun is golden
In clear, clear clouds.
Pours rays on the forest and meadow
And all the flowers around
Pink, blue, blue, red
As one beautiful,
Although very different.

What time of year do you think these poems refer to?

Why do you think so?

What else signs do you know the spring?

(The first thunder, the first rain, gardens bloom, birds fly, ice melts on the river, icicles melt “ring”, first leaves, first flowers, etc.)

2. Game "Spring Words"

- I will name the words, and you guess what I mean.

Blue, clear, clear, spring, cloudless - (sky)

Bright, golden, warm, affectionate - (sun)

Spring, ringing, transparent, cold - (drops)

Cold, light, sunny, spring, fine - (day)

First, young, green, sticky - (leaves)

Migratory, wintering, spring, busy, singing - (birds)

White, fluffy, curly, floating across the sky - (clouds)

3. Now we are going to play the game “Finish the sentence” (with the ball)

From behind the clouds came out gold ...

It blew warm, spring ...

The first appeared on the trees ...

Spring rang ...

It melts on the rivers ...

The first arrived ...

4. Now find in the pictures that spring phenomenon that you like the most, about which we have just spoken, and tell (summarize) about it from the picture. (children find what they like and generalize what was said earlier).

And so ... (in the spring the first flowers appear, etc.)

And now, so that spring comes faster, we will call her:

Spring, spring
Open the gate.
Come quickly
Warm our earth.
Sunny, show yourself
Red, equip.
Hurry, do not be shy
Warm us guys.
Bring the spring
Cold - drive away the winter!