How does the application develop a child?

Application is one of the favorite activities of children. Children like to cut something out of paper or fabric, glue, paint and, as a result, get a handmade creation. How much joy in childhood was brought to us by making postcards for the holidays for parents. You can make the application with children of any age. Any creative activity, in particular application, is of great importance for the mental development of children, the stock of knowledge is expanded based on ideas about various forms and the spatial position of objects of the surrounding world, various sizes, a variety of shades of colors. When making an applique product, it is important to pay attention to the variability of shapes, colors (ripe - not ripe berry, plants in different time years), different spatial position of objects and parts (the bird sits, flies, pecks grains; the fish swims in different directions, etc.).
While doing applique work, children learn about different materials (paper, paints, clay, crayons, etc.), get acquainted with their properties, expressive capabilities, and acquire skills to work with them. Children also learn the experience of working with some instruments of human activity (pencil, brush, scissors). All these actions contribute to mental development children.

To create an applique, it is necessary to apply efforts, carry out labor actions, master the skills to sculpt, cut, draw an object of this or that shape and structure, as well as master the skills of handling scissors, with a pencil and a brush, with clay and plasticine. Correct possession of these materials and tools requires a certain expenditure of physical strength and labor skills. The assimilation of skills and abilities is associated with the development of such strong-willed personality traits as attention, perseverance, endurance. Children are taught the ability to work, to achieve the desired result.

The most important thing is to ensure safety during the process. Prepare your workplace. Cover the table with oilcloth, lay out all the material so that you do not have to be distracted. Put work clothes on your child. Take your time to do everything for the child. From the very beginning, teach your child to be clean, let him help you prepare the applique table and clean it up after work.
What material can be useful for applique? Anything you want. Paper (colored and white, glossy, velvet, "marble", self-adhesive, etc.); plasticine; paints; glue; Scotch; pencils; beads; old magazines; pieces of fabric; templates for different items; cotton wool; wrappers; candy wrappers; labels; packaging from purchases; disposable paper plates; pieces of fabric, leather, fur; colored threads, yarn trimmings, buttons (they are neatly sewn to cardboard by mom); cereals, small pasta, noodles; foil, scotch tape, polyethylene scraps; dry branches, needles, leaves, herbs, flowers, straws, orange peels; sawdust from pencils.
What to prepare for work.
Scissors. Suitable in size for a child's handle, lightweight, with blunt ends, not tight, moderately sharp.
The base is sheets of paper or cardboard (colored or white). Any size and format, thickness or texture, a wide variety of configurations. For example, you can use the same cardboard boxes. In addition, you can make voluminous crafts from colored paper, for which a base is not required.
Glue: - with a brush. With 3-4-year-olds, we have very successfully adapted to making applications with glue sticks: children learn to work with them quickly and easily, the "work" is more accurate, the glue does not spill, does not leak, does not leave stains. There is only one drawback - such applications are less durable, after drying, the parts may fall off (however, this depends on the quality of the glue stick).
For the first lessons, use simple tasks. Take a white sheet of paper. Cut out a square, a triangle, and a rectangle from colored paper. Stick these shapes, forming a house with a pipe out of them, you can cut out the sun and clouds and also stick it on. You can draw a door on the house, and smoke from the chimney. Believe me, this easy job will bring a lot of positive emotions to your baby. Present this picture to dad or grandmother.
An older child can be given freedom of action, or offered more complex applications, with the use of many options. Make a picture of cereals and pasta. Cover the cardboard with glue and sprinkle with cereals and pasta... Then color the product. Thus, you can make a frame for your photo. Imagine with your child.

What does the application give a child?

Did you know that the application:

Develops artistic imagination and aesthetic taste;
- develops design thinking - to assemble a whole from parts;
- develops motor skills and tactile sensations, especially if other materials are used in addition to paper - cloth, cereals, dried flowers, straw;
- helps to learn colors and shapes;
- introduces the concept of "technology" - to get the result, you need to perform a sequence of different actions: cut out parts, grease paper with glue, sprinkle cereals, smear plasticine?
How often do you make applications with your child? Surely less often than you paint. Just because it is easier to draw - they took paints, took a brush ... But for the application you need to prepare in advance - prepare the paper, come up with a plot ... In fact, the application is very simple. You can prepare for it in a couple of minutes and even during the lesson.

What is sculpting for?

Molding- a very important activity for a child, which develops creativity, fine motor skills of hands, spatial thinking, the concept of color, the shape of objects. In addition, modeling (and not necessarily from plasticine) has a beneficial effect on the nervous system as a whole. In general, the benefits of sculpting are enormous.

How to start a plasticine sculpting class?

Firstly, remember that during modeling you will have to be close to the child, and not only as a "supervisor" (so as not to eat plasticine), but also as a creator (to mold yourself, together with the child).

Secondly, do not overdo it with the complexity of tasks for your baby, do not demand too much from him. Remember that the child is just getting to know the properties of plasticine, studying them and experimenting with modeling techniques.

What can a child do with plasticine at two or three years old?

Pinch off a piece of plasticine from a large piece;

· roll out a lump of plasticine between the palms with straight movements (sausages, sticks);

· roll a lump of plasticine between your palms in a circular motion(ball, apple);

· flatten the lump between the palms (cookies, cakes);

· make a depression with your finger in the middle of a flattened lump (bowl, saucer);

· combine two sculpted forms into one object: a stick and a ball (rattle), etc.

On these actions, modeling lessons with kids from one and a half years old are based. Develop these skills, expand and improve them.

How and what to sculpt from plasticine with a baby

Color selection . Start by choosing the color of the plasticine: invite the kid to choose, for example, from two colors (you should not offer the whole box of plasticine at once, otherwise the kid will simply “run up his eyes”). The main thing is that the child should be attracted, not repelled, so do not choose for the child yourself - your preferences may differ greatly.

Warm up . Knead the plasticine with your hands: let the child knead his block, and you - yours. After the "warm-up", you can proceed directly to the sculpting.

Basic actions:
Show your child how you can knead plasticine, pinch off a piece from it, make a cake out of it ... In general, follow the basic steps described above. For the first lesson, performing the simplest manipulations will be enough to interest the child.

Pieces
Plucking pieces of plasticine is one of the favorite activities of kids. Put this activity in the right direction - stick the pieces on thick cardboard or just on a sheet of paper. A more complicated version of this task: stick pieces of plasticine "with meaning": "dress up" a drawn Christmas tree, hang apples on drawn apple trees, etc.

"Sausages" and "balls"
The resulting "sausage" can be rolled into a ring or a snake. And small balls can be crushed with your fingers.

Prints
One of the most exciting activities for kids - to make prints on plasticine with something. You roll out a plasticine cake, and the kid pokes at him with everything he can (or rather, everything that you offer him): a toy fork, a cap from a felt-tip pen, his own finger, a spoon.

Sticking
Offer your kid to stick around a glass or any other container with plasticine, which you can then decorate with beads or any other material - you get an excellent vase. For younger kids, you can cut out patterns of different figures and stick plasticine on them.

Plasticine and other materials

In modeling from plasticine, you can (and should!) Use other materials: peas, beans, buckwheat, pasta different shapes and colors, buttons, etc. Roll out cakes from plasticine and invite the child to stick small objects on them (this is very useful for the development of fine motor skills of a child's pen). Make sure all of these wonderful items go into the clay, not the mouth.

FOLK DOLL

A doll meant a lot in people's lives - with the help of dolls it was fashionable to teach children, protect loved ones, guess, go through age-related initiations, protect your home and attract wealth and happiness to it. Dolls accompanied a person through life, starting from infancy, when the baby was allowed to play a doll - a cabbage or a feeder, as it was called differently in different areas. Such a doll was made from identical square pieces of clean rags and was completely safe for the child. Served him at the same time as a pacifier, a toy and a talisman.

It should be noted that traditional dolls usually did not have faces. It was believed that if this was done, then an alien spirit could enter the doll. And so, without a face, she simply transmitted through herself what the person who made her put into her, a piece of his soul, good wishes, heat.
One of the most important in the house was doll owner.

It was made according to the principle of a column, which received its name as a basis - a column tightly rolled out of fabric. Stolbushku - the hostess was not put into the chest, she stood in a prominent place and made sure that everything was all right in the house. If something was not right, the husband could say it to the doll in a joking manner, so that the wife could hear. This doll was also a kind of psychological lightning rod in the house, which helped not to accumulate restraint, and at the same time, not to injure a loved one, expressing his dissatisfaction to him.

They also gave special wedding dolls for the wedding - they were called one-handed or lovebirds.

These are male and female dolls, which at first glance seem to be just a couple holding hands. But, if you look closely, you can see that they have one hand made from a single piece of cloth or sticks. Such a hand was considered a symbol of their unity and the fact that all affairs from the moment of the wedding became common to them. If suddenly the couple divorced, or parted for some reason, then these dolls were also separated.

They hung over the threshold of the house doll-beregin

She was turned towards those entering the house, and it was believed that she could protect the house from an evil spirit and evil eye.

She became mistresses in the house and multi-armed ten-handed doll.

The Ten-Hand doll helped a girl or a young woman (a girl who recently got married) in the household. Such a doll was often presented at a wedding so that the woman could do everything and everything went well for her.

Vesnyanka

Amulet doll"Vesnyanka" in Russia was made by young girls when spring came, and they gave these dolls to each other. The doll has a cheerful and perky character. Traditionally, she has bright hair unusual color.
Vesnyanka - the doll is a talisman of youth and beauty. When you give this doll, you wish the addressee long youth and attractiveness, optimism and cheerfulness.

A doll for good luck.

This baby with a large braid easily fits even on a small palm. It is not known very much about a doll for good luck. Similar pupae were found at the excavations of ancient Rzhev. And they got this name for their long braid- symbol female beauty, which the groom bought at the wedding, receiving a ransom for the one he could make happy.

As you can see, traditional dolls are a whole world inhabited by very interesting residents who carry magic and centuries-old wisdom.

Elena Lyabina
"Do the applique together." Tips for parents

Tips for parents

Are you interested in knowing why children are so fond of cutting, gluing, fantasizing?

It turns out that it is at preschool age that children’s imagination and thinking are rapidly developing, the baby actively learns the world through their practical activities. Therefore, it is necessary for preschoolers to provide conditions for action with various materials and tools (paper, cloth, natural material, waste material, cardboard, brush, scissors, glue, etc.). You can do applique work with your child.

Applique classes are not only interesting entertainment, but also useful exercises for development fine motor skills, coordination of movements, creative abilities of the child. Such creative activity allows the child to express his feelings, emotions, visual perception of the world around him. When making an applique, the child tries to convey the image he has seen through the cut-out figures. By doing applique work with your child, you will help him master colors and their shades, geometric shapes, sizes, spatial orientation and much more. And, of course, making objects or compositions from paper, fabric, natural materials, working with scissors and glue will bring a lot of joy to children.

There are several types of applications. A simpler type is subject application. This type of artistic activity implies that the child will compose an image of an object, for example, a snowman from three circles of different sizes or a star, a flower, etc.

Subject application is a more complex type of artistic activity. The difficulty lies in the fact that the work must carry a certain plot. This can be a plot from a fairy tale, for example, where people and animals are depicted behind some action. Being engaged in plot application, the child must mentally hold the image and try to reproduce it on paper. These activities are very beneficial for your child's development.

Decorative applique- drawing up patterns from various elements to decorate an object, for example, a vase, sweater, etc.

But in order to make an applique, a flight of imagination is not enough. Your child needs to be able to cut shapes out of paper and use a brush and glue. In addition, a fair amount of patience is still needed in order to bring the conceived image to the end.

Children learn to work with scissors, cut out the necessary details for the image gradually. Mastering this or that cutting technique is a lengthy process that requires repeated repetitions and exercises. Learning to work with scissors and cutting techniques will be easier and more successful if you help your baby learn how to properly hold and use scissors.

Before you start doing applique work with a child, you should know that:

Scissors should be: comfortable, light, with blunt ends, not tight, moderately sharp. You can choose scissors with large rings that can fit both your fingers and your baby's toes. Place the scissors in the child's handle, grab yourself from above - and cut together. The action will be mastered soon.

Glue with a brush. For the smallest, it is better to brew starch - the safest type of glue. Children from 2 years old and older can use PVA glue. It is good because it is easy to wash, leaves almost no stains and adheres firmly.

Glue sticks can be used with children 3 - 4 years old: babies

learn to work with them quickly and easily, the "work" is obtained

more accurate, glue does not spill, does not leak, does not leave stains.

The material for the craft can be:

Colored paper (plain, glossy, velvet, "marble", self-adhesive, etc.);

Old illustrated magazines;

Pieces of fabric, leather, fur, cotton wool;

Colored threads, yarn trimmings, buttons (carefully sewn onto cardboard by adults);

Cereals, small pasta, noodles;

Foil, scotch tape, polyethylene scraps;

Dry twigs, needles, leaves, herbs, flowers, straws, orange peels, eggshell etc.

Discuss with your child how to use scissors:

1. Scissors are NOT a toy, scissors are a tool. They are sharp and dangerous. If you do not use them correctly, you can get hurt.

2. DO NOT: wave the scissors, throw them, take them without the permission of adults, walk or run with them.

3. Pass the scissors only when closed: rings forward, grasping the closed blades.

4. With scissors you need to work while sitting at the table.

5. Every time after finishing work, the scissors are put back.

Imagine! Be creative! We wish you good luck!

My daughter and I started using glue at about 1 year and 4 months. Most of all, she liked to put glue on paper and poke at it with her finger. Well, for her it was an object for study, something new and unknown. After studying, we just washed our pens together. everything stuck to them, and Anyutka did not like it.

How to teach a child to work with glue?

First, show with your example how to apply glue to a figurine, pick it up, turn it over, put it on a painting and pat it. As a rule, children like swatting the most.

When performing the first applications, give your baby the opportunity to play with glue. For this it is better use double-sided colored paper , or glossy magazines. This way you and your child won't have to keep track of which side to apply the adhesive to. He will do as he pleases, enjoying the process.

Cut out large parts... The figures will stick to your fingers and will be difficult to turn over. When the child applies the glue, help him hold the figure, make sure that he moves his hand parallel to the work surface.

If the kid does not succeed in applying glue to the figures, or he simply does not like it, you yourself apply PVA glue to the base, and offer the child to lay out the figures as he likes and press them with his fingers or palm.

Remember that the result is not important for the crumbs. For him, creativity is a process that brings pleasure.

Ideas for applications with babies

1. Abstract applique or simple paintings

Cut different shapes out of colored double-sided paper and show how to glue them onto cardboard or a sketchbook.

Different geometric shapes can be used to create a beautiful abstract painting.

You can beat her by suggesting to make a "blanket" for your favorite doll, or a road for a car, strewn with multi-colored stones.

So it will be much more fun and interesting to glue.

If you take colored cardboard as a basis, you will get simple pictures:

• Flower meadow (base - green cardboard, on which flowers cut from colored paper are glued);
• Starry sky (base - dark blue / black cardboard, figures - big and small stars, planets, rockets).
• Snowfall (base - blue cardboard, figures - white circles, snowflakes)

2 . Application - collage

Cut pictures from old magazines, newspapers, postcards, boxes from under baby food... For the base, take white cardboard or a thick sheet of paper. Show your toddler how to apply glue and flip the picture. Determine together which side to apply the adhesive.

Give the kid the opportunity to stick the pictures the way he wants, you can even one on top of the other, and then compose a fairy tale for him based on the resulting picture. Believe me, your child will love it.

By the way, if your child is good at using a brush, you can use PVA instead of pencil glue. Pour the glue into a small container (you can use bottle caps or a plate from the children's dish set).

3. Application on the workpiece

Instead of a regular sheet of paper, you can invite your child to decorate a pre-prepared base, for example, a butterfly.

Cut a butterfly out of cardboard or a thick sheet of paper, cut circles, ovals, squares and triangles from double-sided colored paper. Invite your child to stick them on the butterfly and make its wings bright and beautiful.

The glue can be applied both to the figures and directly to the base. Proceed in a way that is more comfortable for the child. Anyuta likes to smear with glue directly on the base, and then apply jewelry there.

Ideas for applique blanks:

• aquarium - the kid will populate it with fish and draw algae;
• a plate on which candies are glued;
• Christmas tree - you can dress up with balls, toys, and even tinsel from threads;
• apple tree - glue yellow, red or green apples to it;
• giraffe, zebra - cut to a large size, and the baby will glue spots or stripes.
• a hedgehog that carries apples and mushrooms.

4. Ready-made applications

I buy books "Application for Babies" for Anyutka (they are A5 format).

Each book contains 4-5 applications, consisting of a black-and-white outline of a fairytale hero or animal and colored parts (3-4 parts). The price of such a book is only 10 rubles.

Consultation on the topic:

"Application,

as a means of developing the creative abilities of preschool children "

Visual activity is of great importance in solving the problems of aesthetic education, since by its nature it is an artistic activity. The specificity of art classes provides ample opportunities for the cognition of the beautiful, for the development of an emotional and aesthetic attitude towards reality in children.

Each type of visual activity, in addition to the general aesthetic influence, has its own specific effect on the child. The application is of great importance for the teaching and education of preschool children. It contributes to the formation and development of many personal qualities of an individual, her mental and aesthetic capabilities.

Application (from Lat. Applicatio - attachment) - the creation of artistic images by pasting, sewing on fabric or paper colored pieces of any material; an image, a pattern created in this way.
For applique work, you can use a variety of materials: paper, fabric, threads, shells and pebbles, and even the most ordinary cereals.
Application is one of the favorite activities of children. Kids like to cut something out of paper or fabric, glue, paint and, as a result, get a handmade creation.
Previously, it was believed that the application was not available for children in the second or third year of life. This activity involves working with small planar images and shapes, mastering the ability to compose a whole image from parts, mastering the skills of smearing, gluing, etc. The activity, in general, is really not easy. But difficult does not mean useless. Scientists have investigated the optimal capabilities of children in the first years of life. The results of observations and experiments convincingly prove that exercises with ready-made planar shapes and images provide a qualitative leap in the versatile development of a child. It has been established that children of this age have unique abilities. By means of specially targeted influences, it is possible to achieve very high level development and earlier formation of one or another brain function.
Any creative activity, in particular application, is of great importance for the mental development of children, the stock of knowledge is expanding on the basis of ideas about the various forms and spatial position of objects of the surrounding world, various sizes, and a variety of shades of colors.
When making an applique product, it is important to pay attention of children to the variability of shapes, colors (ripe - not ripe berries, plants at different times of the year), different spatial positions of objects and parts (the bird sits, flies, pecks grains; the fish swims in different directions, etc.). NS.).
While doing applique work, children learn about different materials (paper, cereal, clay, shells, etc.), get acquainted with their properties, expressive capabilities, and acquire skills to work with them. Children also learn the experience of working with some instruments of human activity (pencil, glue, brush, paints, scissors). All these actions contribute to the mental development of children.
To create an applique, it is necessary to apply efforts, carry out labor actions, master the skills to sculpt, cut, draw an object of this or that shape and structure, as well as master the skills of handling scissors, with a pencil and a brush, with glue and plasticine. Correct possession of these materials and tools requires a certain expenditure of physical strength and labor skills. The assimilation of skills and abilities is associated with the development of such strong-willed personality traits as attention, perseverance, endurance. Children are taught the ability to work, to achieve the desired result.

So, applique:

Develops artistic imagination and aesthetic taste.

Develops constructive thinking - often, during work, a child needs to assemble a whole from parts.

Develops fine motor skills and tactile sensations, especially if, in addition to paper, other materials are used: cloth, cereals, dried flowers, straw.

Helps to learn colors and shapes.

Introduces children to the concept of technology: in order to get the result, it is necessary to perform a sequence of different actions: cut out parts, grease paper with glue, sprinkle cereals, smear plasticine, and the like.

According to the subject of the image, the application is subdivided into subject, subject, landscape and decorative. (The application can be subject, consisting of separate images (leaf, branch, tree, mushroom, flower, bird, house, person, etc.); subject, displaying a set of actions, events ("Victory Salute", "Flight into space", "Birds have flown", etc.); decorative, including ornaments, patterns that can be used to decorate various objects.)

The applique can be three-dimensional and flat in shape.
By color - one-color and multi-colored.
A variety of materials are used for its manufacture: paper; fabrics of various textures (cotton, silk, velvet, cords); leather, fur, foam rubber, natural and waste materials etc.

In training the application, the following general tasks are solved:

Make a decorative pattern from various geometric shapes and plant (leaf, flower) details, placing them in a certain rhythm on a cardboard or fabric base of various shapes.

To compose an image of an object from separate parts; portray the plot.

Master various techniques obtaining details for the applique from different materials: cutting in different ways, tearing, weaving; as well as the technique of attaching them to the base: gluing, sewing.

To form a sense of color, to know the basic colors and their shades, to master the ability to make harmonious color combinations.

To form a sense of form, proportions, composition.

Getting started with the application starts from the first junior group... The teacher is guided by a well-known feature of children: at the age of 2-3 years, healthy babies the emotional response to the proposal to do something, to participate in something is pronounced, the child shows a willingness to act. And the main task of an adult is to support this activity, not to let it fade away, to give it a creative character. This favorable period of childhood for the development of children's activity and independence should not be missed. The tasks solved at this age are elementary:

To teach actions with paper (tear off, crumple, roll, cut off), help children see in paper a material that lends itself to transformation and has its own properties and qualities: soft, dense, smooth, rough,
shiny, matte, paper different color, crumpled, torn, cut, rustles in different ways.

Give kids an idea of necessary tools and equipment for application: scissors, brush, glue, oilcloth, etc.

Develop emotional responsiveness to an adult's offer to do something, a willingness to participate with him in the creation of elementary art crafts.

Develop interest, an emotionally positive attitude towards elementary actions with paper, the desire to independently perform them.

Develop aesthetic perception and feelings: recognize the resulting image, admire, rejoice "following" adults.

The content of the work at this age is peculiar: a semi-volumetric (made of paper lumps, balls) and "mosaic" (made of pieces) object application, which depicts the simplest objects: colored balls, a sprig with rowan berries, cherries, a sprig of mimosa, lilacs, various vegetables , fruits, figurines of animals, etc. These works, made on a colored background and decorated in a frame, delight children with their brightness and can find practical use for decorating the interior of a doll corner, a group, a preschool institution, a children's room in a family, etc.

Performing individual actions together with the teacher making the applique, children get the first idea of ​​it as a way of image using paper, transformed by hand or using a tool - scissors.

Mastering specific actions with material, tools, objects in early age occurs through communication with an adult. Only he can convey to the child information about the functions of objects, tools, show the methods of using the material, etc. in joint activities with him.

The teacher includes a separate action of children to transform the material into a holistic process of creating crafts. This action (creasing the paper into a ball, rolling into a ball, etc.), which gives an intermediate result, acquires a practical meaning for the child.

The actions of children with paper are gradually becoming more complicated.

The first joint manual productive actions with an adult, included in the context of creating a certain “product”, emotionally prepare the child for a systematic and more meaningful participation in the application. The first attempts at transforming the material do not require children to have a clear perception of form, color; they do not yet participate in the conception of the image, but already in the fourth year of life, more complex tasks can be set in the application:

Teach children to make patterns from geometric shapes on a strip, square, rectangle, isosceles triangle.

Teach preschoolers to make up ready-made forms simple objects (a Christmas tree, a house, a snowman, etc.), and elementary plots from familiar objects (a locomotive with a trailer, a house with a Christmas tree, etc.).

Teach the children to hold the scissors correctly, cut narrow strips along the fold (bent in half), and then wider ones (several strokes of the scissors).

To learn the technique of smearing paper parts with glue: along the contour, "outlining" with a brush with glue its edges.

To form in children a conscious attitude to the order of performing work: first, lay out the pattern (object, plot) on a sheet, and then take and stick each detail one by one.

To foster artistic taste in preschoolers.

V middle group more complex tasks are being solved:

Learn to cut parts for applique from different materials (paper, fabric) in simple ways- cut, cut, cut along the contour.

Introduce children to the creation of an applique from dry leaves, adjust the ways of gluing the leaves to the base.

Enrich the content of the applications, providing a broader familiarization of children with the natural world, folk art, etc., as well as a variety of details used (not only geometric shapes, but also plant ones).

Teach children to place details on rounded shapes: an oval, a circle, a rosette.

In the middle preschool age, the child's hand is firmer and more confident, therefore more complex ways cutting; children themselves can make details such as an oval, a circle, rounding the corners of rectangles; cutting corners in a straight line, making a trapezoid; cut the squares diagonally to make triangles. Children of this age can be given stencils to cut out details of the subject content (fungus, flower, etc.). Experience shows that children, who worked with a stencil and cut out details along the contour, later more easily master symmetrical and silhouette cutting and cutting "by eye".

If children learn to use scissors early, then by the end of middle age they can cut out parts in all the above ways from fabric, and as a result, applique from fabric is possible. For the base, burlap, drape, cotton one-colored fabric is used. You can make patterns on it both by alternating parts of different colors and shapes, and by creating compositions from elements of national ornaments. different nations, you can create a subject or elementary plot application. But unlike similar paper products the application on the fabric is more durable and versatile in use (napkin, towel, carpet, tablecloth).

Children of four to five years old can learn applications from dry leaves of plants: make a pattern, alternating leaves in shape, size, color and placing them symmetrically on a cardboard base of different geometric shapes: a strip, a square, etc. made of paper or fabric, by moving the brush along the contour - the sheet will begin to crumble. It is smeared with a brush movement from the index finger of the left hand to the edges of the sheet.

To convey the image to children, other materials are provided: pencils, thin twigs, seeds. For example, when making a butterfly applique, you can make the abdomen not only from a leaf, but also draw, glue a thin twig; use small seeds for the eyes or draw too.

At the senior preschool age, children master a more complex cutting technique - symmetrical, silhouette, multi-layered, as well as the cutting, weaving technique. They can combine techniques.

Preschoolers learn new ways of attaching parts: sewing them to fabric. In this case, children receive two versions of the image: planar and semi-volume (when cotton wool is placed between the base and the part). In the second case, the image is more expressive.

Here are a few unconventional techniques applications that you can use when working with children.

Unconventional application techniques:

Break applique

This method is good for conveying the texture of the image (fluffy chicken, curly cloud). In this case, we tear the paper into pieces and compose them into an image. Children 5-7 years old can complicate the technique: not just tear pieces of paper, how it goes, but pluck or break off the contour drawing. The break applique is very useful for the development of fine motor skills of the hands and creative thinking.

Overhead applique

This technique produces a multi-colored image. We conceive an image and consistently create it, overlaying and gluing parts in layers so that each next part is smaller than the previous one in size.

Modular application (mosaic)

With this technique, the image is obtained by gluing many of the same shapes. Cutted circles, squares, triangles, or just torn pieces of paper can be used as a basis for modular application.

Symmetrical applique

For symmetrical images, fold the blank - a square or rectangle made of paper of the required size - in half, hold it by the fold, cut out half of the image.

Tape applique

This method allows you to get not one or two, but many identical images, scattered or related to each other. To make a ribbon applique, you need to take a wide sheet of paper, fold it like an accordion and cut out the image.

Silhouette applique

This method is available to children who are good at using scissors. They will be able to cut intricate silhouettes along a drawn or imagined path.

Quilling

Quilling (English quilling - from the word quill (bird feather), also paper-rolling, is the art of making flat or voluminous compositions from long and narrow strips of paper twisted into spirals.

Collage

Collage (from the French collage - gluing) is a technique in the visual arts, which consists in creating paintings or graphic works by gluing objects and materials that differ from the base in color and texture to any base. Collage is also called a work entirely done in this technique. Collage is used mainly to get the effect of surprise from the combination of dissimilar materials, as well as for the emotional richness and poignancy of the work.

Origami

Origami (from Japanese folded paper) - a type of decorative and applied art; the ancient art of folding paper figures. Classic origami is folded from a square sheet of paper and prescribes the use of one sheet of paper without the use of glue and scissors.

Napkin applique

Napkins - very interesting stuff for children's creativity... You can make different crafts from them. This type of creativity has a number of advantages:

the ability to create masterpieces without scissors;

development of fine motor skills of small hands;

development of tactile perception, using paper of various textures;

ample opportunities for creativity.

Corrugated paper

Corrugated paper is a type of so-called craft paper. Compared to ordinary paper, it appeared relatively recently. It is very soft, delicate and pleasant to the touch. Children love the gorgeous colors, and they are happy to work with her in their creative classes. It is an excellent decorative and ornamental material that allows you to create decorations, colorful toys, original garlands and magnificent bouquets, costumes, which can be a great gift for the holiday.

Fabric applique

Fabric applique is a type of stitching. Applique embroidery consists of reinforcing pieces of another fabric against a certain fabric background. Fabric appliqués are reinforced either by sewing or gluing. Fabric applique can be subject, subject and decorative; one-color, two-color and multi-color. Making an applique made of fabric requires certain skills. First, you need to be able to cut fabric (fabric is more difficult to cut than paper); secondly, the edges of the fabric can peel off and complicate the work.

Applique from cereals

For the youngest children, it is helpful to develop fine motor skills. It is, of course, important to touch objects with your fingers, to learn how to perform plucking movements. But to children, aged over a year old, it is interesting to see the result of your work right away. The cereal applique becomes the most attractive for them in this regard. With cereals, you can create different crafts with kids. To do this, semolina, rice, millet are painted in different colors using gouache and water.

Straw applique

The straw appliqués are extraordinarily attractive: they are cast in gold. This is due to the fact that the straw has a glossy surface and longitudinally arranged fibers. These fibers reflect light as much as possible only in a certain position. Made up of shapes at different angles to the light. The applique conveys a unique game: it shines like gold. These can be paintings, ornamental stripes, bookmarks for books, boxes, frames.

Applique from dried plants

At the present time, the application of flowers, grass, leaves - the so-called floristry - has gained wide popularity. Working with natural material is quite accessible to students and preschool children. Communication with nature is fascinating, interesting and useful. It develops creativity, thinking, observation, hard work. Classes with natural material contributes to the education in children of love for their native nature, a respectful attitude towards it. They are also useful because the collection and procurement natural material takes place in the air.

By creating beautiful appliques with their own hands, seeing the result of their work, children experience positive emotions. Working with paper and other materials gives them the opportunity to show patience, perseverance, imagination and taste. It is pleasant for children to decorate the group room with their works, to give them to their parents and friends.

work experience preschool educator"Non-traditional application as a means of developing fine motor skills of the hand in preschool children"

1. Formation of experience.
Working with children in kindergarten, I drew attention to the fact that children experience:
- uncertainty and constraint in actions and answers to questions;
- confusion when using methods of non-standard creativity and experimenting with materials;
- difficulties in the manifestation of creativity;
- lack of self-confidence;
- poorly developed imagination;
- little independence;
- poorly developed hand motor skills.
Some children do not learn the techniques and techniques for working with paper and other materials. To solve this problem, I began to study methodological literature in depth. There was a desire to diversify the practical activities of children planned by the program with the help of non-traditional applications.
As he wrote famous teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky: “The origins of the abilities and talents of children are at your fingertips. From the fingers go the finest threads - rivulets that feed the source of creative thought. The more skill in a child's hand, the more capable the child is. "

2. Relevance of experience
A comprehensive idea of ​​the surrounding objective world in a child cannot develop without tactile-motor perception, since it is the basis of sensory cognition. It is with the help of tactile-motor perception that the first impressions of the shape, size of objects, and their location in space are formed.
Therefore, work on the development of fine motor skills should begin, long before entering school. Therefore, I believe that due attention should be paid to various tasks for the development of fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements. This solves two problems at once: firstly, it indirectly affects the overall intellectual development children, secondly, prepares them to master the skill of writing.
Preschool childhood - age stage decisively determining the further development of a person. At preschool age, the child's cognition process takes place in an emotional and practical way. Every preschooler is a little explorer, discovering the world around him with joy and surprise. The child strives for vigorous activity, and it is important not to let this desire fade away, but to contribute to its further development. The fuller and more diverse the children's activity, the more significant it is for the child and corresponds to his nature, the more successful his development is, the potential opportunities and the first creative manifestations are realized.
One of the closest and most natural activities for a child is artistic activity... In the artistic development of preschoolers, the central one is the ability to perceive a work of art and to independently create a new image (in drawing, modeling, application), which is distinguished by originality, variability, flexibility, mobility.
Formation of a creative personality is one of the important tasks pedagogical theory and practices at the present stage. Its development begins more effectively from preschool age. The more varied the conditions in which artistic activity takes place, the content, forms, methods and techniques of working with children, as well as the materials with which they operate, the more intensively children's artistic abilities will develop.
Non-traditional application techniques are an impetus to the development of imagination, creativity, the manifestation of independence, initiative, expression of individuality. Applying and combining different ways images in one work, preschoolers learn to think, independently decide which technique to use, so that this or that image is expressive.

3. The purpose and objectives of the experiment
Dexterous children and adults' hands, as well as imagination, are able to lead children to an amazing country, where you can learn and experience one of the most wonderful feelings - the joy of creation and creativity. Working with non-traditional materials contains great opportunities for the harmonious development of a child. These classes contribute to the development of his creativity, awaken will, develop manual skills and work skills, a sense of form, an eye and color perception. The work on the composition contributes to the development of artistic taste. Children show an interest in learning with non-traditional materials, which is the basis of a positive attitude towards work.
The purpose of my work is: to create conditions for the development of fine motor skills of the hands of children through classes in non-traditional applications.
I set myself the following tasks:
1. Development of skills to produce precise movements of the fingers.
2. Development of the ability to coordinate the work of hands with visual perception.
3. Development of creative activity, imagination.
4. Development of memory, attention, creative imagination, thinking, speech, eye, cognitive interest.
5. To teach dexterity in handling various materials, to train the muscles of the hands of children, to develop tactile sensations.
6. To cultivate perseverance, accuracy, benevolence, the ability to work in a team and individually.

4. Forms of work
Unconventional applique is an appliqué using unconventional materials and methods of work.
In my work, I use such types as:
- Breakaway application;
- Confetti applique;
- Applique from napkins;
- Application from cereals and seeds;

Cotton wool applique and cotton pads;
- Thread applique;
- Application of dry leaves;
- Origami.
This topic is interesting not only to me, but also to children, because at this age they are very fond of making something with their own hands, especially from unusual material.
Application from twisted napkins is a simple and accessible type of creativity for any age. Napkins are a very interesting material for children's creativity. You can make different crafts from them. This type of creativity has a number of advantages: - the ability to create masterpieces without scissors; - development of fine motor skills of small hands; - development of tactile perception, using paper of various textures; - ample opportunities for the manifestation of creativity. Napkins are cut into equal squares, then each square is twisted into a ball with the help of your fingers. The resulting balls are glued according to the pattern on PVA glue.
Applique from cereals and seeds. Preschool children simply need all-round development. The seed application develops fine motor skills and opens up new possibilities and abilities for the baby. A big plus is the availability and safety of the material, and, which is very important, the simplicity of the application itself.
Break applique is one of the types of multifaceted applique technique. This method is good for conveying the texture of the image (fluffy chicken, curly cloud). In this case, we tear the paper into pieces and compose them into an image. Children 5-7 years old can complicate the technique: not just tear pieces of paper, how it goes, but pluck or break off the contour drawing. The breakaway application is very useful for the development of fine motor skills of the hands and creative thinking.
An applique made of cotton wool and cotton pads is a great way to make voluminous greeting card or a soft embossed picture. For applications, you can use not only cotton wool, but also cotton pads, which sometimes greatly facilitates the work with the application. For example, the smallest ones will definitely like making the simplest applications - a snowman, a caterpillar, flowers from circles. Vata helps to develop motor skills and tactile sensations in a child. In addition, cotton wool can be dyed, and then the space for artistic experiments expands significantly.
Origami (Japanese "folded paper") - a kind of decorative and applied art; the ancient art of folding paper figures. Classic origami is folded from a square sheet of paper and prescribes the use of one sheet of paper without the use of glue and scissors. From the obtained figures, you can make a variety of applications. This type of creativity develops fine motor skills, strengthens the muscles of the fingers, develops logical thinking.
Applique from cereals. Children like the cereal applique very much. With cereals, you can create different crafts, create applications. To do this, semolina, rice, millet, horns are painted in different colors using gouache and water.
Application from dried plants. Currently, the application of flowers, grass, leaves, the so-called floristry, has gained wide popularity. Working with natural materials is quite accessible to preschool children. Communication with nature is fascinating, interesting and useful. It develops creativity, thinking, observation, hard work. Classes with natural material contributes to the education in children of love for their native nature, a respectful attitude towards it. They are also useful because the collection and procurement of natural material occurs in the air.
Confetti applique is another way of unconventional applique. Click the colored paper circles with a hole punch. Draw a picture, spread it with glue, you can sprinkle it, or you can lay out one circle at a time. The applications are bright and interesting.
Thread applique. This type of application develops imagination, perseverance, creativity, tactile sensations. Draw a drawing, cut the threads into small pieces, apply glue, sprinkle the threads, remove the excess. You can also draw with threads, this method is called nitkography. The result is very bright, simple paintings.

5. Results of work
The results of my work:
1) The creativity of children develops.
2) Children will enjoy co-creation.
3) Children master non-traditional techniques in visual arts;
4) A stable interest in children is formed in the application in the classroom and in independent activity;
5) Parents show an increased interest in the creativity of children.
6) Systematic work in this direction allows you to achieve the following positive results: the hand acquires good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears, pressure changes, which further helps children to easily master the writing skill.
Comparing the results of my work, I saw that the children became more focused, independent, attentive. Their applique work has become conscious, meaningful and purposeful. All tasks that were given to children in the middle group by the end school year performed much faster and effortlessly.

6. Challenges and creative perspectives
Problem:
- some children do not show interest in various types of visual activity;
- most children do not show perseverance and patience when completing assignments, do not bring the work started to the end;
- some children are afraid to touch various materials labor, which demonstrates self-doubt;
- poorly developed hand motility;
- some children have poorly developed imagination, they do the work in the same way as a teacher.
The main task of non-traditional application classes is to create conditions, make accessible and easily accomplished all tasks related to the need to use fine motor skills of the hands. This can be achieved only through the gradual development of manual skill, achieved as a result of the transition from simple to more complex tasks.
Perspective: Continue to work on the development of new non-traditional application techniques that develop fine motor skills of the hand.

Works of my children

"Butterfly" Applique from the leaves

"Winter forest"
Application by cutting symmetrical objects from paper folded in half

"Frosty patterns on the window"
Applique made using tear-off applique technique

« Autumn tree»
Break applique, puzzles

"Snowman"
Break applique

"Fly agaric"
Napkin applique

"Rocket"
Break applique

« Easter egg»
Plasticineography

"Kitten with a ball"
Thread applique

"Rocket"
Origami Technique

"Winter tree"
Twisted napkin applique

7. Used literature
1. Bolshakova S.E. Formation of fine motor skills of hands, Sphere, 2008.
2. Gusakova M. A. Application: A guide for teachers preschool education- M .: Education, 2000.
3. Zhukova O. Preschool age: about manual skill. - Preschool education, 2008, № 8.
4. Kvach N. V. Development figurative thinking and graphic skills in children 5-7 years old: A guide for preschool teachers. - M .: Humanit ed. Center VLADOS, 2001.
5. Korchikova O. V. Decorative and applied art in children preschool institutions(series "The World of Your Child"). - Rostov N / A: Phoenix, 2002.
6. Lykova I. A. "Visual activity in kindergarten", 2007.
7. Lyubina G. The hand develops the brain. The magazine "Child in kindergarten", No. 6, 2003, No. 1, 2004. Productive activities in the development of a child 5-6 years old