The rhythm of our life is steadily decreasing, and it is necessary to hurry - many modern mothers think so. And in order for their crumb to have time to achieve something in life, they begin to study him almost from diaper. The funny thing is that early development - not only our time. At the end of the XIX century, teachers noticed that younger childThe faster it seizes knowledge. Therefore, many early development techniques originated at the dawn of the last century and are still successfully used by experts. To make it easier for parents to choose from them the developing program that they consider the most suitable for their children, tell about the most common.

Montessori Pedagogy
The doctor of medicine Maria Montessori believed almost the prophet and called the chief reformer of the Pedagogy of the twentieth century. Her technique was born from many years of observation of children of different ages, as they had any needs and how they would carry out their desires. The pedagogical system of Montessori consists of three parts: a child, the environment, a teacher. According to this technique, a special environment is created around the child in which it works independently. Little man exercises the body, mind and soul, acquires personal life experience, learns to compare and organize various phenomena and objects. The role of the teacher at the same time comes down to observation and assistance only in those moments when the child himself will require this. The motto of Montessori-Pedagogy is considered words: "Help me to do it yourself."
Montessori developed a series of games in which the kid can control his own actions, notice and correct its mistakes. It develops in it self-confidence. During classes in the Kroch group, not only the type of activity can be chosen, but also to solve whether to interact with other children or play one.

Domana program
At the American doctor, the founder of the Philadelphia Institute of Accelerated Development of the Child Glen Domana has a mass of followers, but also a considerable number of opponents. Nevertheless, the technique created by him can give good results, especially those who conduct classes, it is possible to properly adapt it to living conditions and combine with other pedagogical systems.
Doman argues that the most important way to know the world is visual perception. According to his teaching, children literally from the first days of life need to periodically show a series of cards in various branches of knowledge. Images - both words or applied points and images of plants, animals, great people, historical events. Such a leading approach to learning stimulates the faster development of all brain departments, and the earlier it is possible to use it, the more outstanding results succeed. But there are cons: method of time consuming, it is difficult to fully fully fully. If you follow absolutely all the recommendations of the doctor, then children will not have time to live on mobile classes, nor on the game (by the way, Doman is an opponent of any toys). The main difference from montessori-pedagogy - the child is not an active participant and the main acting person The learning process, he is his object, which passively absorbs information, without participating in the knowledge of the world any other way. Therefore, it is necessary to approach creatively and be sure to "dilute" the card system by educational games and physical activities.

Waldorf Education
An alternative pedagogical system was founded by the associate of Helena Blavatskaya, Anthroposophist Rudolph Steiner in 1919. Now Waldorf education is one of the world's largest independent educational systems. Chief Principle - "Orange" of the child's development and providing him with all opportunities for development at its own pace, which implies an individual approach to each crumb. Preference is given to natural materials and toys and benefits that seem unfinished, and therefore, it is considered to stimulate the fantasy of children. The training material is supplied by blocks and three ways: spiritual (active thinking), spiritual (music and euritemic dance) and creative-practical (modeling, drawing, sewing and so on). In this way, you can learn everything from history and ethics to mathematics and reading. However, serious items include in the educational process only after the beginning of the period of puberty (that is, about 12 years) - until that time, it is considered to appeal not to the intellect of the baby and abstract thinking, but to feelings. And this is the main minus of the methodology: science, requiring logic, technology, analysis and experiment, Valdorftsy is disliked and considered unsuitable.

Nikitin technique
The most complete and efficient system of educational games was developed in Russia by teachers - innovators, large parents Boris and Lena Nikitin. This technique is directed to the development of physical and creative abilities Children. Nikitin found and described such a phenomenon as "Numers" - "irreversible fussing opportunities for the effective development of abilities," and created a whole complex of educational games that can be used from early age and which allow the baby to develop the abilities laid out in nature. All the games offered by Nikitin are quite plastic "material", which can be supplemented, expand and in every way to improve the needs of the child.
The main rule is one thing - obligatory participation in the classes of parents, since only by observing the elders, the younger gradually master the new knowledge, skills and skills in the amount suitable for their age. However, this system also has shortcomings, and very significant, since it does not pay attention to reading, account, writing and other necessary subjects.

System Zaitsev
The St. Petersburg teacher of Nikolai Zaitseva's system is based on the natural need of each child in the game. Zaitsev developed numerous benefits for kids, the most famous of which are the famous "Zaitseva" cubes. On different in size, the color published the sound of the cubes is applied all the syllables of the Russian language. This allows the child for 3.5-4 years to learn to read literally from the very first occupation, and the kids slightly older year - At the same time start talking and reading. If you change the author's approach to learning a little and make it even greater gaming, the kids will learn to read really playing. "Mathematics Zaitseva" is not suitable for very small children due to the need to use tables, but it can be engaged in it since 3-4 years. By the way, many of the principles of such mathematics perfectly "work" during classes with various games and toys.

It is impossible to make an immense, so impossible in one method to take into account all the nuances of learning. The task of the parents is not clicked on something one, to learn as much as possible about different systems of early development and choose those that are more suitable for temperament, warehouse of character, the speed of training exactly their child. Only such an integrated approach will give truly amazing results.

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The sensory development of the child is the formation of perception of the properties of objects, their shape, color, sizes, spatial position, about the smells inherent in them, tastes, as well as the accumulation of sensory experience.

The main ideas about the world are laid under the age of seven years, so the role of sensory development in infancy is fundamental.

Teachers and psychologists unanimously argue that without timely sensory education it is impossible to form a child's mental abilities.

The sensory development of children from birth to the year is a rapid pace, so he should pay the maximum of attention from the very first days. Since the development of basic sensual perceptions, the path to a talented, successful future of the baby begins.

Newborn baby

The most faithful idea of \u200b\u200bthe newborn is the idea of \u200b\u200ba small, but still personality, and not just about the subject of care. In works by preschool psychology G.A. Uruntayeva noted that from the moment of birth, the kid function the senses, however, the sensory development of young children (0-1 years) does not occur simultaneously with the development of motility.
The timely start of developing the senses of the kid is the key to its successful development in the future.

Therefore, the first weeks and even days are extremely favorable for the beginning of the sensory upbringing of crumbs. The simplest games and important procedures, such as gymnastics or a relaxing massage - the best exercises on sensory development for newborns. Let us consider in more detail the potential of the baby that has recently emerged, as well as the possibility of sensory development of newborns at home.

Movements and action

A feature of the sensory development of the newborn is that vision and hearing are developing faster than, for example, hands. Therefore, parents wishing to speed up cognitive abilities His Chad, it is important to offer the kid playing the development of motility. At the same time, the development of common and small motors of the newborn should be paid to special attention, because motor activity is an indicator of the psycho-emotional development of the kid. Scientists have proven that the movements of the fingers of the crumbs have a positive effect on the bark of the brain and the formation of speech zones.

For free possession of its body, kinesthetic, kinetic and spatial factors are responsible. Kinesthetic and kinetic development in newborns is the feeling of the provisions of your body in space, the efforts of the muscles produced during the movement or committing certain actions, as well as a set of television conditions (including facial expressions) used during communication. The role of kinesthetic and kinetic development in newborns was allocated by I. M. Sechenov, who believes that muscle feeling is not only a traffic regulator, but also the psychophysical basis of the vision of space.

Fastening an understanding of the child's brain of all poses and movements occurs on three levels:

• visual, i.e. in the process of observing the movement of other people;
• a word - a child speaks actions for himself or commands others;
• motor - with independent action.

To help the child concentrate on its feelings, you can use games for kinesthetic and kinetic development:

• changing the position of the body (pull up, then full relaxation);
• changing the quality of movements (first sharp, then smooth);
• movement in different directions (up-down, left-right).

The fundamental in the development of spatial relations in newborns is the awareness of its own body, starting from the voltage and weakening of the muscles. The kid who has recently emerged, does not know where his body ends and begins the worldTherefore, the development of spatial relationships in newborns directly depends on his abilities to keep the head, and subsequently sit and walk. It is with the development of these skills that the baby receives the first awareness of himself in the surrounding world. Excellent games for forming spatial relationships can be invented during massage and gymnastics.

The development of tactive motor sensations in newborns is, primarily by bodily contact with mom. Therefore, more often take the baby on your hands, practice periodically joint sleep or bath. Make or buy a developing rug from materials from different textures for the development of tactive-motor sensations. Laying on him the baby is naked, it will feel the materials not only with handles, but also with legs and tummy, developing tactive-motor sensations. Hang the carousel over the cot with a variety of shape and material toys and periodically change them to others. It is desirable that toys are also different in size and colors, then it will have a positive impact on the development of a newborn.

We develop vision, rumor and taste

Babies that have appeared, see still very bad, so try from time to time to spend games for visual development: Show the baby with a bright rattle or simple pictures, but do not remove and do not move them too quickly, let the baby consider them. In order to avoid development of the squint, do not bring your face or various items to the baby closer than 30 cm. Study with the baby its reflection in the mirror and landscapes outside the window.

The infants perceive many sounds since birth, so parents should apply musical therapy to develop hearing in newborns. Turn on the baby calm classical music with participation different tools - This will help develop not only rumor, and also musical abilities, a good melodious taste and will have a positive effect on the nervous system.

To calm kids, the compositions of Vivaldi are good (for example, "winter" from the "Seasons"), lullaby songs, especially if the mother is killed. To raise the mood and activity of crumbs, turn on the works of Bach or Brahms, Valsa Tchaikovsky, the sixth symphony of Beethoven. Also kids love the chopin or Mozart compositions. Scientists have found that when listening to the music of the latter, the entire bark of the brain is activated and called it the "Mozart Effect". Constantly talking to the baby using various intonations and voice timbre, it will also help the development of hearing.

Taste receptors in humans are formed early. Studies aimed at the development of taste in newborns showed: from the very birth, the baby has its taste preferences, and some scientists believe that they are laid on the intrauterine stage. Give your baby to try the water with various taste effects: with lemon, sweet and flavored fennel. Such games will help develop sense of smell, and to parents to check the taste sensations of the baby.

From two months to a year

Scientists have proven that the most favorable development of the baby proceeds under a thoughtful education plan and parental education, which take into account age peculiarities crumbs.

Let's talk a little about the sensory development of the child up to the year at home.

Actions and movements

The richer experience of sensations by the baby, the more intelligent and more active it will become grown.

To diversify the feelings of crumbs use various games on the development of tactive-motor sensations. Make a variety of traces of paper, cardboard, fabrics, wools and bandages, offering a bare child to stall over them, and very small crumbs can be spent by supporting under the handles.

Put different cereals, peas or buttons in the bags and let the baby try them to the touch. This will be a very exciting game for a young opener (only check the strength of the bags so that the crumble could not break them). Organize water procedures for toys, placing them in a small inflatable pool or basin - Baby's water games are very loved.

The development of common and shallow motors in a child up to a year is an important, but quite sinking task for parents. For very little kids you can offer a small puppet showIn which the chief participant will be the baby. Make or purchase fabulous heroes that can be put on your child's fingers. This funny game will be interested in the baby, wondering the desire to better manage them. Play in fun with the participation of your fingers and palms.

A little teeling kids can already be offered a laying of plasticine on a plant basis (Playdoh or Artberry) or from the test. It's not scary if the baby tries plasticine to taste. It is made on the basis of a natural dough and is therefore absolutely safe. The material has a bright color palette and is ideal for the first steps in the development of modeling and modeling techniques.

Do not forget about the games with undergraduate items: clasp and buttons on clothes, boxes and jars. Also, modern stores offer a huge assortment of toys for the development of common and small motility in a child up to a year and older. These are a variety of pyramids, rattles, educational centers and rugs. Of course, Mamam is important to remember that one of the main bodies of the knowledge of the world, the baby is the mouth, so the crumb need to taste any item. Based on this, all toys must answer age category Baby, not having small parts, and all of its small parts should be securely sewn or attached to the base.

Kinesthetic and kinetic development in a child up to a year is particularly progressing in the second half of the year. Now the movements of the hands are increasingly regulated, which are more confident every day. The muscles receive a "signal" to the actions from the brain, as well as the peripheral organs of the senses (tactile, visual and auditory) about the achievements, resulting in the brain and the central nervous system give more accurate "teams". Kinesthetic and kinetic development in a child by the year reaches a high level, and the baby can already take a thing, do not assign those surrounding things.

Drawing can be attributed to quite suitable games on kinesthetic and kinetic development, helping to develop imagination and coordination, even for such small. Upon reaching a child of 10-monthly age, you can start drawing with a karapuz using finger paints. Such paints are designed for small artists: have broad jars, in which tiny fingers are comfortable. They do not include harmful components, so when in small doses in small doses does not harm the health of the crumbs.

Candidate of Medical Sciences Maria Gmoshinskaya developed a method of infant drawing, according to which the kid with artistic creativity You can from 6 months, the main thing is that the child can sit confidently. To participate in the process of drawing can fingers, palms, as well as both handles. Do not force the baby to draw fornascent, since the essence of the technique is based on developing its natural qualities. Also should not interfere with the creative process of Karapuz. Being a little away and keeping everything under control, you give the baby freedom of action.

The development of tactive-motor sensations in a child is due to a year when touched on the subject, and the mastery of the subtle movement of the hands is already under the control of vision. Associations arising from tactful sensations and visual perceptions very accurately and simply expressed the Nobel laureate I. P. Pavlov: "Eye" teaches "a hand, the hand" teaches "eye."

Use the game to develop tactive-motor sensations - put the different toy in the form and texture in the bag and offer the baby to get them one by one, slowly, gropping up. Do not forget about security and in no way give the child items and toys containing small details!

It is common that games, for example, with beans or other croups are safe, but doctors will tell you many accidents when a child swallowed such a "toy" and either suffocated, or the beans sprout in the esophagus. So using in games natural materials, give preference to larger objects. Suitable, for example (pre-washed), walnut in the shell, pine cones, seashells.

Develop hearing and vision

Continue practicing musical therapy for the development of hearing in children up to the year, since its positive effect has repeatedly been proven by scientists. Restless and excitable kids are useful to listen to the melodies at a slow pace. Usually these are the second parts of the classic sonatas and instrumental concerts, for example, the 2nd part of the "small night serenade" of Mozart, Duet Lisa and Polina from the Opera "Peak Lady" Tchaikovsky. For inactive babies, and crumbs with oppression syndrome are useful to Valtza Tchaikovsky, marching melodies, Spring from the seasons "Vivaldi". Also, scientists have noted that the melody with words affects children is stronger than the melody without words, and singing in a few times better than singing in the record.

One of the best backgrounds for crumbs serve the sounds of nature. Sea surf, twitter birds and rustling of foliage have a beneficial effect on the nervous system and the development of hearing. The child has a very sensitive hearing aid, so do not forget that the sounds around it should not be loud. It is worth noting that the most simple classes with a rattle, bubrels and musical instruments are indispensable games for the development of hearing. Remember that in such a harmless event there are contraindications (predisposition to cramps, intracranial pressure, otitis, the heavy state of the baby for diseases).

The development of the child before the year is not only natural, but also partially dependent from the parents of the baby. Best of all if surrounded by crumbs will be bright contrasting colors, items different shapes and sizes, such as multicolored bedspreads, vases, flower pots. Also around the bed can be overwritten small mirrors, bright toys, photos and pictures. For example, photographs of parents, printed on a sheet A4 and hung on the lathe by the bed with a baby, will create a safe space for him. Scientists have proven: a person's face is that small child Loves to consider most, and the faces of the parents remember since birth.

It is very important that the baby's cot (or a playpen, where the child will be most often) stood in the right place. The development of vision lasts 9 months after birth, and the eyes are needed by the impact of light so that the formation is completed correctly. Otherwise, deviations in the development of the child's vision are possible.

A favorable effect on the development of up to a year has frequent laid out of the baby on the tummy in the first months of life. Play with the baby to the game on the development of view: in gaming form Try to concentrate the view of the karapuz on yourself. During feeding, put on multicolored beads or a colorful scarf, draw on one side paper Plate Merry face, and to another sad and change them in places. A child with interest will be observed for this process, and a slightly stupid baby to offer the game in the "repeats" - to smile with my mother, show the tongue, pat in your hands.

On the development of taste and spatial relations

The development of taste in a child up to a year is also an important aspect of perception for the younger man. If the baby has the right taste orientation on healthy foods, it will be healthy and full energy. The taste sensations are quite multifaceted and many factors affect them: the smell of food, its consistency, appearance.

The structure of food depends on age, therefore, for the correct development of taste, a child under a year there is a special calendar of the administration of dust. Enter the supplies correctly and make the kid menu varied.

Use various games for the development of taste - Teach odors with the baby. Suggest sniffing the aroma of cocoa, coffee, soap, spices, and in the summer the fragrance of flowers and herbs, be sure to progress the name of the object under study. The tagged baby, whose age is approaching the year, you can offer the game "Find a couple." Offer Karapuza three pairs of boxes, inside of which are located, for example, mint leaves, coffee grains or sponge, moistened in citrus gel for the soul, and ask to find and show which boxes smell the same.

The development of spatial relationships in a child up to a year just begins to form. Spatial representations though they occur early, but are a more complex process than the difference in object properties. The child does not own any reference system, therefore it uses a sensual system based on the sides of his own body. There are many didactic and moving games for the development of spatial relationships in children.

It should be noted that games for the development of spatial relations in children have been based on the method of forming the ability to navigate on their own body, that is, this is a kind of preparation stage, when a child teaches the name of the parts of his body. Adult, in the process of communication with the baby, pronounces the actions: "Let's wash the right handle, wash the left handle", "put on the right (and then the left) sock, a hat on the head", and with a grown-up child playing in didactic games - "A doll", "the doll is washed", show and call together parts of the body.

Sensory development of children up to 1 year - the occupation is fascinating both for the baby and for mom. The main thing is to remember the rules of security and carefully follow the baby during the games, then the classes will be wondering, fun and benefit. Fence the child from toys having small details and sharp corners, as well as ropes and ribbons in which the child can get confused. There are many techniques for the sensory development of children up to 1 year. However, before choosing a certain method of development for a child, it should be carefully examined each and allocate all the pros and cons.

Methods of early child development

Methods of Domana.

Methods of Domana - a series of regenerating and training exercises for both healthy children and for kids with delays in development aimed at activating the brain through training.

The essence of the methodology is that the child shows cards with large red letters, dots, pictures and words for a short time. Kids up to the year are demonstrated cards with different drawings And out loud, the names of the objects depicted on them are pronounced.

Each card should be shown from 5 to 10 seconds. Classes last not more than a minute, but must repeat several times a day, with a gradually increasing number of cards. Training in the Methods of Domana has reached the striking results - children with mental lag learned to read fluid, and the kids engaged in the program from the earliest childhood became Nobel laureates. Moreover, the lagging kids caught up with healthy children not only in mental, but also physical development!

Method of Lump

Inspired by the ideas of Domana, loving mom Cecile Lump decided to develop his daughter based on his techniques. However, over time, it came to the conclusion that training should be based on other principles. In particular, on what to learn, the child should be easily and interesting, and the classes bring joy both baby and parents.

The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe LUPA technique was concluded that the child needs attention to-interest, and not attention to the guard, so as not to drown out the creative beginning of the baby and not cause a sense of violation of personal boundaries. Lupan came to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop innate abilities and the interests of the crumbs, and not teach it on strict rules and graphics.

His successes in the development of daughters and methods for their achievements of Cecile described in the book " Practical guide "Believe in your child", while developing a series of games and exercises for the development of children.

According to the author, the first year of his life occupies an important place in the development of the child, during which it is necessary to develop five major senses of the baby.
To do this, it is necessary to take it more often, to show everything, to tell everything and, most importantly, maintain a bodily contact: hugging, kissing and stroking. It is important to vote for a child and its actions.

For the development of vision, you're funny grimaces, listen to classic music for hearing, ride children's songs and tell functions.

An important place in the method of LUPA occupies physical development Children up to the year. It is necessary to create the most comfortable conditions for stimulating the child crawling, and then walking. Cecil also distinguishes the effect of water exercises and, in particular, swimming. Some moms are afraid to learn to swim their newborn carappow, and in vain, because in addition to 6 months in addition to the reflex, there is also a reflex delays in addition to 6 months. Therefore, in the book of Lump there are a number of exercises for the diving of kids, such as Torpeda, "souls on the face" or "sprinkling water".

For kids up to year, it is especially important that any training takes place in the form of a fascinating game, says Lup. So, for example, she proposes to teach the baby with new words or alphabet in the form of a cheerful song, and the account - by his own answers to comic and funny questions (for example, "How many elephants do you have in a pocket?" - "Zero", "How many big bears in We are on the sofa? "- one, etc.)

Iron methods. We develop under the music

One of the most effective techniques The early development of hearing is the technique of iron "Music with Mom", the principle of which consists in filing educational material in a game form. Mamas for classes with a child on this technique should only be engaged in their tea for mercury melodies, songs and fun.

Play, Look, draw, dance and even fall asleep to the music and you will open the extraordinary abilities of the baby, which did not even know about. The technique includes a series with lullabies, speckled songs and finger games.

For the smallest compilations such as "first lessons" - for kids from 2 months to 2 years, which includes songs with a game element. Under this music, the baby will clap in his palm with adults, dance with her mother on her handles and make gymnastics. For children from 6 months, a collection of "Mamina Lessons" was developed, which will be an indispensable assistant in communicating with the kid. Funny songs games will help your mother to feed a little gourmet, dress, swim, put sleeping, fun and trustly spend time with your favorite carapaus.

Ibuk's method or after three too late

One of the pioneers in studying the direction of early development of children was Masar Ibuk - a Japanese entrepreneur and one of the founders of the company Sony.

Masara Ibuk believed that the mental abilities of the child develop only the first three years of life and it was during this period that the kid absorbs any information like a sponge. According to the Ibuck method, up to three years old, you can teach to write, read and even play the violin.

Having understood this topic in more detail, Ibuk wrote the book "After three is already late", in which he disclosed his theory in detail that "no child is born by the genius and none-fool.
It all depends on the stimulation and degree of development of the brain, which directly depends on the fact that parents laid in the crumb from birth.

The book does not give practical Soviets About the upbringing, but rather, answers questions "Why need early development and why it is important for the future." So what to play with the child up to the year? Yes, anything! Ibuk believed that a large number of Toys does not give the baby to develop correctly, so the Japanene suggested using any items that are located at home (of course, which cannot harm the child). Inconsider the baby Plaid or, for example, a small pillow and a kroch himself will be happy to use them, developing fantasy. Also, IBUK recommends drawing with the baby's fingers, but not paints on paper, but just with fingers in buckwheat, rice or semolina. The child will like this occupation, and in the process of the game there will be a motoric and tactile sensations.

Talena technique. Read earlier than walking

The parents and sociologist Pavel Viktorovich Talenev, who developed the "method of intellectual child development" (Mirr) puts the parents of the teacher and sociologist Pavel.

The Mirr Tyulenee technique is an accelerated learning system covering all areas of development. An early development of talenes believes age from 0 to 1.5 years, from 1.5 to 2 - secondary development, and the age of 2 to 3 years old, he calls "late early development." If the child has reached three-year-old age And not ready for school, he, according to Tyuleva, is pedagogically missed.

The training material for the methodology is invited to use educational games and benefits created by the author, as well as a special alphabet of Mirr. It should be noted that the training of children on this technique is scheduled literally on the clock and the development starts not only from the moment of birth, but even in perinatal age.

For children, before the year, Tyulev has developed the following series of exercises:

• toddler up to 2 months should show pictures with letters, figures, ornaments, and parents should call that they are depicted on these pictures;
• from two months to add images of animals and mathematical symbols to the pictures;
• from four, according to Tyuleva, the baby can already be acquainted with the laws of physics, throwing toys of different sizes to the floor;
• from five months mom with the baby must learn to extract sounds from musical instruments, for example, beat with wands of xylophone;
• in 6 months, a crumb should be offered a variety of postcards. The baby will consider them with interest, and Mom tells him that on each depicted.
• from the seven age age, parents begin to engage with the baby studying letters and writing words with a magnetic alphabet.

In this way, the principle of the methodology is to prevent the baby in vain luck time.

Nikitin-exam system, proven life

The system of nikitin is aimed at raising healthy, smart and independent people. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe system is the "irreversible extinction of the possibilities of effective development of abilities." Nikitin believed that each child was born with tremendous abilities to all types of activity. However, for the effective development of the mind and body, certain conditions are needed and if the talents did not find the realization on time, then their potential will fade.
Therefore, the main purpose of parents, according to Nikitin, should be assistance to the development of the child. The basic principles of Nikitin techniques are the freedom of creativity and parenting non-equilibration to the success and defeat of the child.

There are also two extremes of education that need to be avoided. This is primarily the "abandonality" of the child: the communication of parents with a closet is reduced only to the fulfillment of needs - feed, wash, dress - and the extreme inverse - when all free time The baby is occupied by exercises, entertainment, games and the child does not have time for himself.

Nikitins have released a number of books in which they describe their development system in detail, as well as errors made in the upbringing. The most popular game for kids up to the year according to the Nikitin technique is the "framework and inserts", consisting of a framework and inserts in the form of various geometric shapes. You can play on it from 10 months, and start learning stands with small number Figures (2-3), gradually increasing the amount. The baby is invited to pick up the frame to each figure. The game is not exhaustive and makes it possible to change the tasks as the child is growing. By the way, Nikitins advise not to show him the right decision, but to enable the right version of independently.

Literature:

1.Choprikova N.I. Mental Development and Training: Psychological Basics of Developing Training - M.: JSC "Century", 1995 - 192 p.

2. Bauer T. Mental Development of the Baby. Per. from English A.B. Leonova. -2-e ed. - M.: Progress, 1989. -319 p.

3.Pylugina V.A. Sensory abilities Toddler: games on the development of color perception, shapes, magnitude in young children: kN. For teachers of children. Sad and parents. -M .: Enlightenment: JSC "TRANSFER. Met ", 1996. - 112 p.

4.Y.M. Siechens "Brain Reflexes"

5. Galiguzov L.N., Smirnova E.O. Communication steps: from year to seven years. - M.: Education, 1992 -142 p.

Early development is now at the peak of its popularity. Only a very lazy parent did not hear anything about it. But along with Yary Supporters, the methods of early learning also appeared opponents of this approach. Today we want to clarify many moments of the early development of children, and will also share with you their experience.

Early development is considered to conduct classes from 0 to 3 years. It is at that age that the crumb is most susceptible to new information, and in the form of the game the baby is easily learning.

Japanese child psychologist Masara Ibuka in his book "After three is already late" (1971) cites the fact that the three years of the cerebral cells are already practically formed, and training after this period will not be as effective as in the first years of the child's life. The author also believes that small children have a storm ability to learn anything! The fact that adults are leaving with the speed of snail, children playing grab instantly.

Masara Ibuk stands for an integrated approach to early development, he believes that it is necessary to develop logical thinking Both intellect and the emotional scope of the child. Therefore, music and creativity must be added to ordinary classes.

Early development of kids should not be reduced to violent "feeding baby Facts and numbers ", Krook need to hold "classes" in a game form at a time when it really is interesting to perceive the information. Also, the main aspect of the author's methodology is the timely introduction of a new experience. And the timeliness of learning is visible, above all, the man who cares for the child every day, that is, his mother!

Dear Moms, take time to get acquainted with this book, it can be easily found in the internet subsoil !!!

When and where to start early development of crumbs?

The development of the baby is not worth postponing for later, start right away from birth! The first 2-3 months in the infant is the period of adaptation, at that time he gets used to the peculiarities of a new life. His whole world is a mother, and her voice, touch, the mood is extremely important for the kid. But despite adaptation periodThe child is open to all new and you can safely start early development.

Immediately obligate the well-known myth that the child can easily be easily overloaded with an early development. Nature everything thought out to the smallest detail, and the kids (as well as older children) have a unique protective mechanism. If the crumb is not configured to perceive the information, he will simply do this !!! The kid will not look at you, will be capricious and show your discontent in every way. It is unlikely that you will be forced with a child when he is clearly not in the mood.

It is worth noting that intellectual development The crumbs are directly related to his physical development.. The famous American neurophysiologist Glenn Doman, whose name is directly related to early development, with his colleagues in the 40s of the 20th century proved that "the movement and physical development of the child is the main key to the development of its intelligence." Therefore, the baby from birth should be physically active since birth, gymnastics, massage, swimming in the bath or pool, phytball classes - all this will be extremely useful for the development of the child.

Do not forget about and exposure to the palms and foot crumbs. It is there that a huge amount of nerve receptors are concentrated, and their irritation will cause active brain development. When the kid is still quite a crumb, just knead your fingers during or. As Karapuza adults add finger games With poems and fun.

Reading books should not postpone up to a year or later. Start as early as possible. First, choose simple books with one picture on the page. First, simply call items on each page, gradually as the crumbs grow add information about the subject and its properties. Your emotionality and positive attitude will allow the baby to develop fun and exciting. Do not forget that learning in such a gentle age should bring joy! Do not insist if you see that the kid is not in the mood.

Ready Early Development Programs

Many parents do not know what materials should be used for early development. On the Internet you can find many benefits and manuals on this topic. We advise you to pay attention to the domestic company "Umnitsa", which for many years it allows you to successfully develop kids from birth. Her founder Anton Manichenko is the author of many of the Early Development Methods, which takes into account the best that exists in world practice.

Products of this company are ready-made development programs for kids from birth, as well as older babies. You can only choose what skills you want to develop from your baby. Ready development programs have interesting game classes for every day, the descriptions of which you will find in the available methodical materials. The Intellect Development Program includes four sets:

• "Reading from diaper" (for the development of reading and speech skills)
• "Mathematics with diaper" (for the development of logic and account skills)
• "Talking from the diaper" (speech development)
• "Creativity from diaper" (creative development methodology through color perception)

More than 100,000 parents all over the world are successfully engaged in kits "Umnitsa". As a result of the child's classes, an intellectual foundation is formed, which will come in handy in life. In children engaged in the smarts more high level Intellect and erudition, amazing memory, non-standard thinking is a huge interest in everything new. So children are easy and interesting to study in the future at school, they are open to all new and very inquisitive. The huge advantage of the sets of "clever" is the fact that they do not lose their relevance as crumbs grow up, and grow with him. You can resume classes at any time, and the grudge baby will already perceive the information differently, and in the greater.

Also, the teachers of the "clever" together with Cambridge scientists have developed a system for learning English specifically for kids. Kit "Skylark English. All About Me "was created for babies, but you can use it older. Classes on this technique will allow the child to understand phrases and words, as well as use them when communicating in English.

Especially I would like to note the unique kits from the "Peace of Ladosh" series. This is a whole baby encyclopedia in pictures. Here is a Doman's technique, improved by A. Manichenko. Kids are offered small sets from cards with photos on a variety of topics. Each card on the reverse side has a description with interesting facts, riddles and games. Thus, the child first simply shows the cards, and as training gradually introduces new information about the subject, as well as various games. Cards can be started to show from birth, while the duration of the occupation is only 1-2 minutes. Gradually, as the baby adults, the duration of occupations increases, they turn into a fascinating game with creative tasks, riddles.

Develop the baby never early! Start now with us and the "Merper"!

Check out video about classes on sets »Umnigni»:

Modern parents are in a hurry to give children early education, while it turns out to cause a considerable harm to their psyche.

In recent years, early development techniques have become extremely popular in our country - already in the cradle of children in various ways to read and count. But the doctors of psychotherapists beat the alarm - the number of children with impaired psyche increases. The Interfax Time Correspondent of the Weekly found out than the so-called early development techniques differ from each other and from traditional pre-school education programs.

What is early learning?

The virus entitled "Early Development of Children" was struck by the majority of young parents of large cities. "My daughter is already reading for 3 years ..." - "And my son says," the moms of kids are boasting to each other. A wide range of enthusiasm for the methods of education of welders is provoked by the appearance of a class of young non-working, but educated mothers with unrealized ambitions.

In this case, the concept of "development" is used in erroneously, in fact it implies mental, physical and intellectual formation of a person. But in the home "schools for infants" do not have so much development as early learning to those subjects that the child later studies in primary school. The enthusiasm of moms and dad is heated by the need to pass tests upon admission to elite schools. It seems to them that with the help of early learning they will give the child "early start", increasing its competitiveness in its continued life.

Around the world, an early development epidemic began in the middle of the twentieth century with the slogan of teachers - innovators: "After three to learn later!" The authors of various techniques proceeded from the postulate that the earlier to start learning, the ingenious will be a pupil. On inexperienced parents, it acts irresistibly: it turns out that my child can easily become a genius! " Magic wand"For the wonderful inflection of the baby in Wunderkind takes out of a rich set of famous innovative" brands ": Montessori, Nikitin, Zaitsev, seal. What approaches to early learning differ from each other that they are positively able to give the child, and what can it harm?

Montessori system

Maria Montessori, Italian teacher-defectologist, engaged in the problem of learning mentally retarded children. She has developed exercises with cardboard frames, cards and cubes who train in children small motor Fingers (on the tips of which are nervous endings, stimulating speech centers in the cerebral cortex). The mentally retarded children not only learned to speak, but also began to read, write and count before peers from ordinary school. And then Montessori suggested that the same exercises can help with learning healthy children. Today in Montessori-Gardes throughout Europe, children of different age and the level of knowledge are engaged in the same group, senior and more experienced with their example help beginners. Addition and subtraction is familiar with the help of multi-colored beads, strung on a thread in a different order, and read children learn from special pictures. Elena Smirnova, head of the laboratory of psychology of children of preschool age psychological institute RAO believes that this system in its traditional version "limits the speech interaction of children and their fantasy." In fact, these lessons are fantasy, imagination, the emotional sides of a small person do not find the exit. The human nature is such that over time, the lack of communication and poverty of emotional life lead to psyche disorders and psychosomatic diseases.

NUVERS Nikitin

Nikitin family owns the idea of \u200b\u200b"Nouveurs" - irreversible extinction of the opportunities for the effective development of abilities. Without giving a child up to three years of special skills, parents, according to Nikitin's thoughts, deprive his opportunities in the future to acquire knowledge and ultimately do not give to reveal the identity of a little man.

In his seven children, Nikitin testified the original method of development of abilities with cubes, tables, logical tasks. On the system of nikitin, children should not only mentally perceive knowledge, but also to physically develop. In order for the body that is not overloaded with superfluous clothing, unhappy with supercoalion food, it is easy and willingly responded to solving intellectual tasks. The disadvantage of Nikitin system can be recognized that it focuses on physical and intellectual development, to the detriment of emotional.

Employees of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences have repeatedly made attempts to understand the features of the development of children brought up in the family of Nikitin. But from the proposal to test children and give a scientific assessment of this technique, innovative parents refused. Interestingly, Nikitin's children are extremely reluctant to talk about their early development, and none of them tried to repeat parental experiments on their own children. The Nikitin system, it would seem aimed at raising the geniuses, raised from them completely ordinary, although educated people. So it was worth it to suffer, if these results can be achieved more "peaceful" way.

WOODWARE Cubes Zaitsev

St. Petersburg teacher Nikolai Zaitsev created his author's cubes, "seeing" the unit of the structure of the language is not in the syllable, but in the warehouse. The warehouse is a couple of consonant with vowels, or from a consonant with a solid or soft sign, or one letter. Using these warehouses (each warehouse is on a separate side of the cube), the child begins to draw up words. Here are these warehouses of the Zaitsev and wrote on the edges of the cubes.

Cubes differ in color, size and sound - they are filled with different contents: wooden chopsticks (For cubes with deaf sounds), metal caps (for "ringing" cubes), buckets or bells (for cubes with vowel sounds). It helps children to feel the difference between vowels and consonants, ringing and soft sounds. Cubes Zaitsev helps children for 3-4 years learn to read from the first lessons. Of course, learning to read the traditional methods is more difficult than on "Zaitseva cubes". The fact is that two-year-old child Created without any particular problems to learn what sounds are transmitted by what letters, but it still doesn't even be able to read anything, because it is not able to understand that some sounds need to be drained into syllables and words. In the Methodology of Zaitsev, the "stupidity" of a two-year-old baby is overcome by a tricky way: the child is imposed by the letter "Ma" as one indivisory warehouse symbol. There are a lot of such warehouses - about two hundred, however, to learn a couple of hundreds of warehouses, the baby is still easier than guess that warehouses are obtained from individual letters. But later, in a traditional school, a small clench will have to be actually retracted to learn to read in the traditional way. Then it is not clear why was it necessary to master the "warehouse" reading?

This is the name of the Methodology of Viktor Tyuleneva, which has substantiated achievements in pedagogy on the experience of education of his own daughters. It uses for home education already familiar to us cards with letters and numbers, which should be hung over the baby's baby from birth and show him regularly. Also, children's walls should be decorated with geographical maps, Mendeleev table, portraits of poets and writers. In one of the familiar families, a girl with the help of Tyulene's methods has learned to read a year, and after two months, it quoted by heart "Borodino" Lermontov, printed on a typewriter and herself was from the magnetic letters of the word on the refrigerator. True, Mama Wunderkind had to hide the talent of his daughter from the neighbors on the sandbox and think about the prospects for training in high school. What will end this particular experience in early development - the time will show, but the psychologist and physicians argue that active educational experiments on babies do not pass without a trace.

"Underwater stones" early success

Psychotherapists lead as an example of parents' complaints on the "wounded" children: "The boy is 3.5 years old, after the kindergarten to music and englishAt the same time, he cries and shouts, "" Girl - 2 years old, she does not want to draw or sculpt. Quickly "pumps" and runs cars to roll! "," We are 5 years old - reads only from under the stick, only if the belt sees. "

All the education programs of the geniuses are built as if the ultimate goal is to be a child in preschool age Only learned the material primary classes. Of course, it's easier to learn from seven-year visibility, but when it comes to engage in seriously computer science or algebra, suddenly it turns out that the benefits on the side of those who got used to corrupt the usual textbooks under the supervision of ordinary teachers. After admission to the university, it becomes finally clear that the early forced start did not provide advantage of advantages compared to classkins.

Supporters of early development often have to fight back from critics, which suggest that children cannot be deprived of childhood. Many techniques are focused on the ease of learning knowledge, the deceptive impression is created that the child learns as if playing, without any mental effort. After such active learning in infancy, there was an emotionally flawed psyche, which is not capable of perceiving all the complicating tasks in the school. Such children suffer from looping on some ideas, it is difficult for them to concentrate independently, they are constantly overwritten, they require increased attention of the teacher.

Professor Elena Smirnova believes that, seeking to teach a 2-3-year-old child to read and account, parents subconsciously eliminate from the need to "go down" before his interests and needs. Not every adult can play with the child - put on his knees, crawling behind the machines, talking for the bunny. Very often, without having sex early childhood, Wunderkinds make a missed at school, preferring the lessons of the game under the desk.

Representatives of traditional psychology and pedagogics believe that early development is an unhealthy phenomenon primarily because it is based on a completely false idea that learning a one-year-old child is much easier than a six-year-old. Professor Elena Smirnova believes that the drama is that parents do not understand age psychology, Features of perception, thinking, child intelligence. No one argues that it is necessary to develop a child, but everything is fine at one time. Psychologists insist that under 5 years old to read and write - it means to harm the child's psyche, which is focused on playing ways of knowledge of the world and is not able to adequately "to digest" information expressed in symbols.

Practicing psychotherapist Natalia Pisarenko warns that if it does not stop in an overly active desire to raise a genius in time, then it may be possible to treat a child from stuttering, enurraw, insomnia, gastritis and other psychosomatic diseases.