Today I would like to talk about the very first games for learning to read. They are suitable, first of all, for children who still do not know how to read at all ( you can play now from 1.5-2 years ), but, of course, they will also be useful to those who have already learned a little continuous reading.

I want to say right away that there will be no games like coloring and modeling from plasticine all the letters of the alphabet in turn. In mine, I already wrote that a child who has memorized individual letters from the alphabet or in any other way subsequently experiences many difficulties with merging them into syllables. Therefore, I want to invite you to play not with letters, but immediately with warehouses (MI, NO, TU ...) and short words. With this approach the child constantly sees ready-made letter combinations before his eyes, plays with them, shifts, and, as a result, quickly remembers . At first - only visually, then - he tries to reproduce himself. As a result of problems with the merging of letters, the child does not experience in principle, he immediately reads the warehouse. But, interestingly, in the process of such games, the child remembers all the letters.

What do you need for games?

So we will play:

1. with warehouses (not to be confused with syllables)

The concept of a warehouse was introduced by Nikolai Zaitsev (the creator of the well-known Zaitsev cubes). Unlike a syllable, which can consist of both 4 and 5 letters, the warehouse is considered the minimum pronounceable unit. The warehouse can be:

• consonant-vowel fusion (YES, MI, BE…);
• single vowel as a syllable ( I AM-MA; KA- YU-TA);
• a separate consonant in a closed syllable (KO- W-KA; MA-I- TO);
• consonant with a soft or hard sign (МЬ, ДЪ, СЬ…).

In the game, you can use both Zaitsev's cubes and cards with warehouses written on them. I will not at all persuade you now to buy expensive Zaitsev cubes. Yes, this is an interesting and useful guide, but if you do not have the opportunity to purchase them, do not be discouraged, you can make a huge number of benefits at home with only cardboard and felt-tip pens.

1. with words written according to the warehouse principle.

You can either write words by hand with a felt-tip pen or print them out on a printer. So that the child sees not only the whole word, but also learns to analyze its composition, we will single out warehouses in it. It is undesirable to separate warehouses using additional signs (separate them with dashes, circle them), it is best to highlight them different colors. In this case, you do not need to use all the colors of the rainbow, take two colors that are close in hue, for example, blue and cyan or dark green and light green. You will also need black. We write the first warehouse in one color, the second in another, the next one again in the first, etc. But! The shock warehouse is always highlighted in black, since it is heard “brighter”.

What words to write on the cards?

The main essence of this approach to teaching reading is to show the child that letters and words are not meaningless squiggles, they denote very specific objects, and you can play with them just like with familiar toys.

​Basic principles of games

There is one very the right way to discourage a child's desire to read is to constantly arrange checks for him: “Tell me, what letter is this?”, “Read what is written here!”. Having shown the child a letter a couple of times, we expect that on the third time he will already call it, and even better, read the word with its participation. If you really want to get your child interested in reading, then put aside trying to test the child for at least a while and just read along with him!

It is natural that a child who is just beginning to join the world of letters cannot read a word. Therefore, when showing the child words, do not require him to read, but at first read it for yourself! At the same time, you can hold the baby's finger letter by letter. After some time, the child will definitely begin to recognize warehouses and words and will repeat them after you.

Sometimes the word needs to be read slowly, highlighting each warehouse in it, sometimes it is necessary to name the whole word so that the baby learns to perceive the words as a whole.

While reading, you can also name individual letters (for example, if you don’t like the warehouse approach), but in this case it is advisable not to pronounce the name of the letter (“el”, “ka”), but the sound that corresponds to this letter (“l”, "To").

Reading games

1. Opening windows

Perhaps there is no such child who would not like books with opening doors. Children love surprises, they love to open and find something, so they are happy to return to this game again and again.

The manual for the game is easy to make at home. To do this, you need two sheets, on one of them draw or stick pictures, on the other (preferably cardboard), cut windows in the appropriate places and sign the words. Glue the sheets. Here you can DOWNLOAD our template with pictures.

For the first manual, it is enough to write the simplest words like BE-BE and MU-MU, but later you can make a manual with more difficult words.

How to play? First, together with the baby, we read the inscription, then the baby looks under the sash and, looking at the picture, makes sure that he read the word correctly.

2. "Big wash"

First you need to prepare a “clothes line”, fixing it, for example, between the legs of two chairs, as well as a small box or basket for “dirty laundry”.

When everything is ready, we inform the baby that Mishka / Cheburashka / Bunny decided to wash the words. Now you need to help him dry them by fixing the words on the rope with clothespins. After that, we begin to get the words one by one from our “dirty laundry basket”, read them together, running our fingers through the warehouses, and fix the words on the rope.

Carried away by clothespins and the process of drying clothes, the baby will imperceptibly get acquainted with letters and warehouses. This game has been one of Tasia's favorites for a long time.

3. Who says what?

Surely you have already accumulated a lot of soft and non-soft toys at home, among which there will definitely be one representative of the fauna. They are needed for this game.

Write on the cards "KRYA", "MU" and other onomatopoeic words that correspond to the animals you have. Then invite your child to read the words on the cards together and give them to the animals so they can sing their song. Each of our toys, receiving its card, cheerfully sang something like “Oink-Oink-Oink, I live in the village”

Another option: you can offer the baby a choice of 2-3 cards and ask him to show where, for example, the word "GAV" is written. Usually, after some time of regular practice, children quickly begin to recognize word cards.

4. Postmen

Imagine yourself as postmen, the words can be delivered in a basket, in a box, in a purse or delivered by car. Give your words-letters to toys that live in different corners of the room: “To you, bear,“ HOUSE ”, and to you, Masha,“ YULA ”. And, of course, before handing out letters to recipients, do not forget to carefully read them with your baby.

5. Zaitsev's chants

Chants can be sung according to Zaitsev's tables or by rotating the cube like this:

Before you sing a chant with your baby, it's best to practice with the rotation of this ingenious cube in advance. After all, you need to twist it quickly and, moreover, in a certain direction: WELL-NO-NA-NE-NY-N or DYU-DYO-DYA-DE-DI-D (vowels always go in that order).

The secret of the chants lies in the fact that they are all similar to each other, both in appearance and in hearing. If a child recognizes at least one consonant on a cube or at least one warehouse, he can quickly restore the entire tune from memory, and, accordingly, sing the entire cube.

6. Different games with warehouses

WITH Zaitsev's cubes or with handwritten warehouses can also come up with . For instance:

• We settle animals in cubes-houses, while paying attention to the name of the house. “The bear will live with us in the SO house” ... etc. After resettlement, you can arrange a small role-playing game visiting each other.

• The same game, only in a flat version, without Zaitsev's cubes:

• We hide a cube or a card with a warehouse under the blanket / under the table / around the corner and are sincerely curious “Who will come to us now?”, “The CO cube has come to us!”
• We shift the cubes / cards from one container to another, while calling the written warehouse. The game is suitable for the little ones.

• We write warehouses in large letters and lay them out around the room. Then we give tasks such as “And now we run to the house DO!”, “Who will find the KA faster, Tasya or the bear?”

7. Tickles

We add Zaitsev’s cubes or write some simple two-syllable word on a card - MOTHER, GOAT, GRANDFATHER - and, saying “Someone here came to tickle you, it seems to be a GOAT!” tickle the baby. Before the baby is tickled, try to make sure that he still sees the word.

If you and your baby like to glue, you can try to make a homemade alphabet with him from an ordinary notebook. It is not necessary to include all the letters of the alphabet in such an alphabet, you can make only the most used letters, or vice versa, those that the baby cannot remember in any way. It is good if a separate spread is assigned for each letter, but this is not important.

In our alphabet, next to each letter, we pasted 3-4 pictures, which we necessarily signed. Naturally, it is better to make such an alphabet when the child already recognizes warehouses. Then, before sticking one or another warehouse on the page, the child will be able to choose the right one from several suggested by you. I must say that Tasya learned to recognize the necessary warehouses very soon after the start of classes, but to read them on her own much later.

9. Words in a bag

We write a few words on the cards and put them in an opaque bag (you can also use a pillowcase, a hat or even a kitchen mitt). Then, together with the baby, we take out one word at a time, and, running a finger over it, we read it. Then, also one at a time, put the words back together. The child, as a rule, is very interested in seeing what is in the bag, so he is happy to start searching for new words.

10. Words in boxes

Similarly to the previous game, you can play with boxes. In front of the baby, we put the word in the box, close it, shake it, knock on it, saying “Knock knock! Who is there?”, and then open the box and read the word. Words can also be hidden under a pillow, bucket, scarf. It is very interesting to hide the words together with the baby, for example, from a bear, who will then watch with interest what is there.

We sit in a circle, inviting a couple of toys or family members with us. We distribute one word to everyone, we read who got what. “I have a“ CAT ”, and you have?” and, if the baby still does not know how to read, we ourselves are responsible for him: “And Tasia has “porridge”. Make sure that the child sees all the words. Then we offer to exchange cards “Here you are, Mishka,“ CAT ”! And you give me the word "MAMA".

Thus, only a few words will participate in your game, they will constantly be in front of the child’s eyes, and he will quickly learn to recognize them.

12. Playing with photo holders

An interesting variant of the game can be invented with photo holders made in the form of animals or other interesting figurines. At the back or top of these coasters there are small clothespins in which it is convenient to place words.

A figurine-holder (whether it be a teddy bear or a frog) can carry words, showing it to his toy friends, and if you have several such holders, then it is very interesting to arrange an exchange of words between them. We often arranged something like a dinner: we attached cards with “edible” words to our holders, they “read” them, and then, changing, treated each other, including Tasya.

Well, this is only a small part of the games that can help the baby to start reading. Later I will try to continue the topic and publish other reading games, including those for older children. Do not miss: In contact with

Learning to read in syllables - this stage in teaching children to read is one of the most important and difficult. Often parents simply do not know how to teach a child to pronounce two letters together and get stuck on it for a long time. Tired of the endless repetition of "ME and A will be MA", the child quickly loses interest, and learning to read turns into torment for the whole family. As a result, children who already know letters from the age of two or three cannot even read simple words by the age of five, not to mention reading sentences and books.

What to do next when the child has memorized the letters? Let's make a reservation right away that teaching a preschooler to read syllables can be started even BEFORE he has mastered the entire alphabet (moreover, some teachers insist that you need to move on to syllables as quickly as possible, without waiting for all the letters to be studied). But those letters that we will combine into syllables, the child must name without hesitation.

In order to start learning to read by syllables, it is enough for a child to know 3-4 vowels and a few consonants. First of all, take those consonants that can be pulled (S, Z, L, M, N, V, F), this will help teach the child the continuous pronunciation of the syllable. And this is a fundamentally important point.

So, let's consider a few, in our opinion, the most effective methods that modern teachers offer for teaching a child to fold letters into syllables.

1. We play "Engines"

(a game from the manual by E. Baranova, O. Razumovskaya "How to teach your child to read").

Instead of boring cramming, invite your child to "ride the train." All consonants are written on the rails along which our trailers will go, and vowels are written on the trailers themselves. We place the trailer on the rails so that a consonant appears in the window, and we name which station we got (for example, BA). Next, we move the trailer down the rails - to the next consonant and read the syllable that appears.

There is a similar guide in cards "Game" Steam locomotive. We read syllables. from E. Sataeva

This game is good because the child does not need to be specially explained how to add syllables. It is enough to say: “Now we will ride the letter A, she will be our passenger, name all the stations at which we will make a stop.” To begin with, “ride” yourself - let the child move the trailer along the rails, and you loudly and clearly call the “stations”: BA, VA, GA, YES, ZHA, ZA, etc. Then invite your child to take turns doing this with you. During the game, listening to you, children easily grasp how to pronounce two sounds together. For the third time, the child will “ride” himself without much difficulty.

If the child does not know all the letters, stop only at those “stations” that are familiar to him. Next, we change the wagon. Now we roll the letters O, U, S. If the child can easily cope with the task, we complicate the task. For example, we ride at speed - timing which of the wagons will reach the end of the path first. Or another option: stopping at the station, the child must name not only the syllable, but also the words starting with this syllable (BO - barrel, side, Borya; VO - wolf, air, eight; GO - city, golfs, guests; DO - rain, daughter, boards, etc.).

Please note that with this game you can practice reading not only open syllables (with a vowel at the end), but also closed ones (with a consonant at the end).

To do this, we take trailers where the vowels are written in front of the window, and act in the same way. Now we have a letter on the trailer not a passenger, but a driver, she is the main one, she is in front. First read the resulting “stations” with closed syllables yourself: AB, AB, AG, AD, AZH, AZ, etc., then offer the child a “ride”.

Remember that in this and other exercises, we first practice adding syllables with first-row vowels (A, O, E, Y, Y), and then we introduce second-row vowels (I, E, E, Yu, I) - the so-called "iotized" vowels, which make the sound that precedes them soft.

When the child is good at reading individual tracks with syllables, alternate trailers with passengers and drivers, without prompting which trailer we will ride. This will help the child learn to clearly see exactly where the vowel is in the syllable (the syllable begins with it or ends with it). At first, learning to read by syllables in a child may have difficulties with this.

2. "Run" from one letter to another

This is a visual exercise that will help the child learn to pronounce two letters together.

Before us is a path from one letter to another. To overcome it, you need to pull the first letter until the finger that we are leading along the path reaches the second letter. The main thing we are working on in this exercise is that there is no pause between the first and second sound. In order to make it more interesting to study, replace your finger with a figure of any animal / little man - let him run along the path and connect two letters.

("ABC book for kids" by E. Bakhtina, "Russian alphabet" by O. Zhukova and others).

Many authors of primers and alphabets use animated images of letters that need to be folded into a syllable - they are friends, walk together in pairs, pull each other through obstacles. The main thing in such tasks, as in the previous exercise, is to name two letters together so that the two girlfriend letters stay together.

To use this technique, you do not even need special manuals or primers. Print out several figures of boys and girls (animals, fairy-tale or fictional characters), write a letter on each of them. Let consonants be written on the figures of boys, and vowels on the figures of girls. Make friends with the kids. Check with your child that boys and girls or two girls can be friends, but it is not possible to make friends with two boys (pronounce two consonants together). Change pairs, put girls first in them, and then boys.

Read the syllables first in one order, then in reverse.

These few tricks are quite enough to teach a child to put two letters into a syllable. And learning in the form of a game will allow you to avoid cramming and boring repetition of the same thing.

4. Games to consolidate the skill of adding letters

- Syllabic Lotto

It is very easy to make them yourself, for this you need to pick up a few pictures - 6 for each card and print the corresponding syllables.

• Help will help you “Syllables. Choose a picture according to the first syllable BA-, VA-, MA-, SA-, TA-. Educational lotto games. GEF DO "E. V. Vasilyeva- there are a few more tutorials in this series
“Letters, syllables and words. Lotto with verification” by A. Anikushena
• Similar exercises are in the book. "Syllabic tables. GEF "N. Neshchaeva

- Shop game

Lay out toy goods or pictures with their images on the counter (for example, FISH-ba, DY-nya, PI-horns, BU-lka, YaB-loki, MYA-so). Prepare "money" - pieces of paper with the name of the first syllables of these words. A child can buy goods only for those “bills” on which the correct syllable is written.

Make an album with your child’s own hands, in which a syllable will be written on one page of the spread, and objects whose name begins with this syllable will be written on the other. Periodically review and supplement these albums. For more effective learning to read, close one or the other half of the spread (so that the child does not have extra clues when naming a syllable or choosing words for a particular syllable).

This will help you "Cards for sound and syllabic analysis of words."

- Game in the airfield (garages)

We write syllables large on sheets of paper, lay them out around the room. These will be different airfields (garages) in our game. The child takes a toy plane (car), and the adult commands - on which airfield (in which garage) you need to land the plane (park the car).

For this exercise, Zaitsev cubes or any cards with syllables are suitable (you can make them in the form of traces). We build a long path from them - from one end of the room to the other. Choose two figurines / toys. You play one, the child plays the other. Roll the dice - take turns with your figures on the cards for as many moves as fell on the dice. Stepping on each card, name the syllable written on it.

For this game, you can also use various "walkers" by writing syllables in circles on the playing field.

5. Reading simple words by syllables

Simultaneously with the development of syllables, we begin to read simple words(of three or four letters). For clarity, so that the child understands what parts the word consists of, which letters should be read together and which separately, we recommend that the first words be composed of cards with syllables / individual letters or graphically divide the word into parts.

Words of two syllables can be written on pictures consisting of two parts. Pictures are easier to understand (the child is more willing to read the words written on them than just columns of words), plus it is clearly visible into which parts a word can be broken down when reading it syllable by syllable.

Increase the difficulty gradually: start with words consisting of one syllable (UM, OH, EM, UZH, Hedgehog) or two identical syllables: MOM, UNCLE, DAD, NANNYA. Then proceed to reading the words of three letters (closed syllable + consonant): BAL, SON, LAK, BOK, HOUSE.

You need to understand that even if a child pronounces all the syllables in a word correctly, this does not mean that he will immediately be able to meaningfully put them into a word. Be patient. If a child has difficulty reading words of 3-4 letters, do not proceed to reading longer words and especially sentences.

Be prepared for the fact that the child will freely begin to read words only after he has automated the skill of adding letters into syllables. Until this happens, periodically return to working out syllables.

And, most importantly, remember that any learning should be a joy - for both parents and children!

Philologist, teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher preschool education
Svetlana Zyryanova

Cards for learning to read in warehouses (Zaitsev's method)

I want to offer you material for self play and preparation for learning to read.
This material is based on the Zaitsev method, where the children and I learn to read in warehouses.
The warehouse method has been known since the time of Leo Tolstoy. A warehouse is considered to be a merger of a consonant with a vowel, a separate vowel as a syllable, a separate consonant (in a closed syllable), a consonant with a sign. For example, SO-BA-KA, PA-RO-VO-Z, A-I-S-T and so on. In warehouses, the baby begins to say MA-MA, and not in letters or in a whole word. According to warehouses, it is easier and more natural to teach him to read.

But, unfortunately, ready-made manuals of N. Zaitsev's methods (cubes, tables) are quite expensive.
Therefore, not every mother can use them. And if in the place where the mother lives with the baby, there are no shops with benefits nearby, no circles where you can enroll the child, then the only way out is to make benefits with your own hands.

These manuals will allow you to start learning to read at home and are cards with letters.
You need to download 3 files: the king's house, the queen's house, and a file with consonant cards. (You can download them in winzip archive here: bukvi.zip 137 kb)
Cards from the king's house and the queen's house must be cut out and connected vertically (i.e. in a column in the order they are printed).

Then (at the request of the parents) these houses with front side glued with adhesive tape, and glued on the back on fleecy paper (another option is to stick Velcro). Put under pressure for a day. At this time, we take a sheet of plywood, thick cardboard, etc. improvised materials, and we cover it with flannel.
Now our king and queen houses can be easily placed on a flannel board, and they will hold perfectly there.

Let's start playing with the baby interesting game, which at the same time teaches letters at ease and with it we learn to read.
Come up with a fairy tale about the king and queen, about the letters that live in houses. For example: “Once upon a time there were a king and a queen, and they had many servants. The king's servants lived in the big house, the queen's servants lived in the smaller house. These servants were not simple, they all loved to sing. Etc."
Sing the letters from the houses (from top to bottom).
You can sing to any motive, the main thing is that the baby is interested. Do not be afraid that you have no hearing, your baby still thinks that you sing the best!

When these vowels in the houses are learned, we cut out and make consonant cards: B, P, M, K.
We take, for example, "B" and begin to roll it around the houses:
BA
BO
BOO
WOULD
BE
--
bya
bye
byu
bi
be
We also roll the remaining 4 letters:
MA
MO
MU
WE
ME
--
me
myo
mu
mi
me

Then you can substitute letters to the right and left of the houses:
BAM
BOM
BOOM
etc.
We do the same with the rest of the consonants (we make cards, roll them around the houses, substitute them for other warehouses).
It seems at first glance simple, but quite effective technique, in my opinion.
My eldest daughter, when she went to classes according to the Zaitsev method (Zaichata Studio), learned to read in a few lessons. But she was then 4-5 years old. Younger children naturally take longer to absorb the material.

Learning to read in syllables. Danilova E.

M.: 2003 - 95 p.

This book is a unique guide to learning to read. With its help, your child will get acquainted with all the warehouses of the Russian language, learn to recognize them in the text and read words in warehouses. The manual can be used when learning to read using Zaitsev's cubes, or you can use it on your own.

Format: pdf

The size: 18 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

This book can be used to teach reading using Zaitsev's Cubes, or you can use it yourself. With its help, the child will get acquainted with all the warehouses of the Russian language, learn to recognize them and read words in warehouses.
The book is intended for viewing, reading, playing with children of two or three years and older. The proposed tasks are aimed at the development of speech and phonemic hearing, as well as the acquisition and consolidation of initial reading skills.
For toddlers under the age of three, offer simple tasks and questions, only gradually adding more complex ones. To begin with, look at all the pictures, all the warehouses more than once or twice, without demanding to show or name anything. Let the child get used to the book, remember well the names of all the pictures and at least part of the warehouses.
Older children can immediately be offered all the options for tasks, including those that are written at the bottom of each page. Flipping through the book, each time act differently. Then pay attention only to the pictures, then ask the child to find certain words or warehouses, then ask questions.
It is not necessary to look through the entire book every time and complete the maximum number of tasks. Also, don't start every time from the very beginning of the book - open a random spread or continue from where you left off last time.
Do not forget to explain to the child that the parts of the word highlighted in different colors are called "warehouses", that each word has a black warehouse. It is the brightest, because it is heard “brighter” (do not demand from a baby under three years old that he remembers this); read a few words, highlighting the stress warehouses with your voice.
"Show warehouses." Leafing through the book, name the warehouses for the child:
"And when reading the top row or singing it to a simple motive (having chosen a motive, use it on each page; the simplest motive can be the sol-fa-mi-re-do scale; a warehouse that does not contain a vowel sound does not need to be sung, just say it, and then sing the remaining five warehouses);
H * showing one warehouse "out of order" - in the top row or in words.
"Looking for warehouses." After you have looked at warehouses with your child many times, ask him to:
"/> show all warehouses in black;
"And show the underlined warehouse in each word;
4t find identical warehouses in different words (when giving this task, first make sure that there are identical warehouses on this page).
Name a warehouse, such as DO or NU, and ask the child to find it. L
Say the warehouses that occur in words on one page, let the child show them "under dictation."
Name several warehouses on the page (start with two or three), invite the child to remember them in the order in which they were pronounced.
"We call warehouses." Invite the child to name this or that warehouse (naturally, if the baby already knows how to speak). For instance:
"And name in a row all the warehouses in the top row;
<Н назови один из складов в верхнем ряду;
"And name the warehouses in a word - the first warehouse, the last, any, everything in order. 9
"Onomatopoeia". If on the page there are warehouses denoting onomatopoeic words, voice them and ask the child: “Who says that?” or "Whose voice is that?" For example, MU, ME, KU-KU, BI-BI (a task for children of two to three years).