Marina Pashina
Interactive didactic game"The fourth extra"

Explanatory note for the e-manual

« Fourth extra»

This e-tutorial is made in Power Point software

Interactive didactic game« « Fourth extra» designed for older children.

Relevance.

Experts note that the game to a certain extent is one of the ways of cognizing the world around, especially when children use play as a reflection of reality. Currently, a special place in the educational process of a preschool educational institution is given to computer didactic games... Colorfulness and dynamism computer programs, musical arrangement, play form, allows the baby play with passion, to experience the joy of learning, to discover new things. Interactive didactic games contribute to the all-round development of the child's creative personality. At the preschooler is developing: perception, hand-eye coordination, creative thinking; cognitive motivation, voluntary memory and attention; the ability to build an action plan, accept and complete a task.

Multimedia didactic game« Fourth extra» for children is of developmental importance. She promotes development cognitive processes... Can be used to exercise directly educational activities with children in preschool educational institutions as well as for individual work teachers and parents with preschoolers. Trains visual-figurative thinking, verbal-logical thinking, active vocabulary. Children reinforce the ability to group and classify objects using play exercises.

The teacher shows the children a slideshow of four different objects. Children must name superfluous extra extra item.

After completing all the tasks correctly, the child will see the inscription "Well done boys!"

This manual consists of 19 slides.

Thanks to this presentation, children can easily learn to classify and generalize objects. Computer the game it is almost always a pleasure for a child, he plays with enthusiasm and perceives the game as relaxation. It is this fact that makes computer games an indispensable mentor for raising and educating a child, without superfluous moralizing without causing protest or boredom. This means that the skills and attitudes that have arisen thanks to the game will remain in active memory for a long time.

The aim of the game.

Strengthen the ability to find why he extra

1. To develop verbal and logical thinking, the ability to classify, compare, generalize, establish cause-and-effect, logical connections.

2. Develop visual perception.

3. Develop monologue and dialogical speech.

4. To cultivate attentiveness, the ability to follow instructions exactly, concentration.

Abstract interactive didactic

games « Fourth extra»

Software content: Strengthen the ability to find fourth superfluous subject and explain, why he extra, to expand ideas about the features of the objects around us, to systematize the knowledge of children about the objects of the immediate environment. Cultivate mindfulness. Develop: the ability to classify objects according to common characteristics, verbal and logical thinking

Material and equipment: projector, laptop, picture presentation « Fourth extra»

Description of the game: The teacher shows the children a slideshow of four different objects. Children must name superfluous picture and justify your point of view. On each slide, there is a picture of four objects, one of them extra... By clicking the mouse, the child needs to select extra item.

1slide - name of the game and purpose

2 slide the child sees in front of him pictures with image: apple, pear, apricot, cucumber. The teacher asks the question, which picture superfluous and why.

Child's response: cucumber, because it is a vegetable. Apple, pear, apricot-fruit. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

3 slide - the child sees pictures with a picture in front of him birds: turkey, duck, rooster, swan. The teacher asks the question, which picture superfluous and why.

Child's response: a swan, because it is a wild bird, and a turkey, a duck, a rooster are domestic. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

4 slide child sees pictures with picture animals: fox, wolf, bear, cat. The teacher asks the question, which picture superfluous and why.

Child's response: a cat, because it is a pet, and the fox, bear and wolf are wild, they live in the forest. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

5 slide - the child sees pictures with a picture in front of him colors: forget-me-nots, dandelions, cornflowers, iris. The teacher asks the question, which flower superfluous and why.

Child's response: iris, because it is a garden flower, and forget-me-nots, dandelions, cornflowers are field flowers. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

6 slide - the child sees in front of him pictures of insects and a bird. The teacher asks the question, which picture superfluous and why.

Child's response: a bird, because beetles are insects. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

7 slide child sees pictures of the picture in front of him warm clothes and a sundress. The teacher asks the question, which picture superfluous and why.

Child's response: sundress, because this is summer clothing, jacket with fur collar, fur coat, coat is winter clothes... The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

8 slide - the child sees pictures of trees in front of him. The teacher asks the question which tree unnecessary and why.

Child's response: apple tree, because it is a fruit tree. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

9 slide - the child sees in front of him pictures of shoes and a hat. The teacher asks the question, what subject superfluous and why.

Child's response: hat, because it is a headdress, and sandals, boots, boots are shoes. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

10 slide - the child sees pictures of nuts and raspberries in front of him. The teacher asks the question, what subject superfluous and why.

Child's response: raspberry, because it is a berry, and an acorn, Walnut and hazelnuts are nuts. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

11 slide - the child sees in front of him a picture of furniture and household appliances. The teacher asks the question, what subject superfluous and why.

Child's response: iron, because it is a household appliance, and a sofa, wardrobe, chair is furniture. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

12 slide - the child sees 4 types of mushrooms in front of him. The teacher asks the question, what subject superfluous and why.

Child's response: fly agaric, this is a poisonous mushroom, and the rest of the mushrooms are edible. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

13 slide - the child sees 4 types of transport in front of him. The teacher asks the question, what subject superfluous and why.

Child's response: an airplane, because it is air transport, and a bus, train, bicycle is ground transport. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

On slide 14, the child sees a picture of trees in front of him. The teacher asks the question which tree unnecessary and why.

Child's response: birch, because it is a deciduous tree, and a tree, thuja, pine are conifers. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

15 slide - the child sees in front of him an image of dishes and toys. The teacher asks the question, what subject superfluous and why.

Child's response: whirligig, because it is a toy, and a plate, a saucepan and cup - dishes... The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

16 slide - the child sees a picture of fruit in front of him. The teacher asks the question, what subject superfluous and why.

Child's response: grapes are not tropical fruits, but lemon, pineapple, orange are tropical fruits. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

17 slide - the child sees an image of animals in front of him. The teacher asks the question which animal unnecessary and why.

Child's response: the squirrel lives in the forest, and the tiger, elephant, giraffe are exotic animals. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

18 slide - the child sees in front of him a picture of tools and a phonendoscope. The teacher asks the question, what subject superfluous and why.

Child's response: a phonendoscope — a doctor in a hospital uses it to listen to a patient whether a person is healthy or not, and the rest of the items are tools, they are needed to build and repair. The child clicks the mouse - disappears extra picture.

19 slide - after completing all the tasks correctly, the child will see the inscription "Well done boys!" with clapping emoticons.

Anna Apunik

Didactic game« Fourth extra»

Target: to develop the ability to classify objects according to an essential feature, to generalize.

Development of thinking and attention of preschoolers.

To develop the ability of children to classify objects according to one criterion.

Didactic material: a set of cards, each card depicts 4 objects, 3 objects are connected by a common sign, and the 4th extra.

Game progress:

Can play both with one child and with a group of children.

The child is offered any of the cards. He must look and highlight cards among the drawings, three of which are classified according to one criterion, one extra item, which does not fit under a single classification.

The child must explain his choice.

For example, a card is presented with drawings of a duck, a goose, a dog, and a chicken. The child must highlight extra dog animal... The rest must be classified as poultry.

Related publications:

In our kindergarten on November 1 it was open class"Cheerful vegetable garden" where children themselves made and taught adults to do the didactic game "Fourth.

I would like to present the didactic game "The fourth extra". This is probably one of my favorite didactic games. Playing it with a child.

Presentation game designed for intermediate children preschool age(45 years). Purpose: to teach to classify objects. Tasks:.

There is a theme "My house and what is in it. Furniture". And there are few didactic games that develop verbal-logical thinking on this topic. So I.

Dear colleagues! Today I want to tell you about the kind of game I made for my five-year-olds. As a matter of fact, I am nothing to you, dear colleagues.

Didactic game for familiarizing children with insects for senior preschool age "Who is superfluous" Video Dear colleagues, I present to your attention an entertaining didactic game. Purpose of the game: to allow children to game form get to know each other faster.

GBDOU Kindergarten No. 28 of a general developmental type with priority implementation of activities for the cognitive and speech development of Krasnogvardeisky children.

OPTION 1.

A source: Zabramnaya S. D. "From diagnostics to development". - / Materials for the psychological and pedagogical study of children in preschool institutions M .: New school, 1998 - 144 p.

Research Objectives
Analytic-synthetic activity in visually perceived objects (first and second options) and on the basis of mental representation (third option) is investigated. Ability to make generalizations. Logical soundness and purposefulness. Clarity of representations. Using help.

Equipment
Three drawings of varying complexity.
In the figure (APPENDIX 1) there are three squares, each with four figures, one of which does not fit in one attribute (size, color, shape). It is offered for children from 5 years old.
In the figure (APPENDIX 2) there are three squares, each with four objects: three of one genus group, and the fourth - of another genus group. It is offered for children from 6 years old.
In the figure (APPENDIX 3) there are three squares, each with four concept words, one of which does not fit. It is offered for children from 7 years old.

Procedure for
APPENDICES 1, 2, 3 are offered in turn.

When working with APPENDIX 1, the instruction: "Tell me, what is not suitable here?"
When working with APPENDIX 2, they first ask to name what is drawn, and then ask: "What does not fit here?" Help: "There are three objects (pictures), somewhat alike, but one does not fit. Which one?"
When working with APPENDIX 3, the researcher reads the words himself, and then asks the child to name an inappropriate word to the rest. If the answer is correct, they are asked to explain the choice.

Analysis of the results

Children with normal mental development understand the purpose of the task and independently identify the feature that distinguishes the figure from the rest. Provide a speech justification for the principle of figure selection. In working with pictures, they are also able to make an independent generalization and justify the selection of an inappropriate picture. When highlighting concept words, re-reading is sometimes required. Leading questions are sufficient for correct execution. It must be borne in mind that the level of development of generalization at this age in children is different. Some immediately highlight the essential signs, others pay attention to the side signs. This indicates insufficient formation higher levels generalizations. Nevertheless, children with normal mental development do not have cases of inadequate performance of this task.

Mentally retarded children do not understand the instructions and do not complete tasks on their own. By the age of 6-7, they visually distinguish the size, color, but find it difficult to give a speech generalization even with leading questions. The task (APPENDIX 3) is not available to them at this age.

Delayed children mental development understand the instructions, perform tasks (APPENDIX 1). The task (APPENDIX 2) to establish genus groups and their justification causes difficulties. Organizing help is effective. Work with the selection of words-concepts (APPENDIX 3) is performed with leading questions, repeated readings, explanations. Children find it difficult to explain the principle of selection. The greatest difficulties they have with speech justification.

ANNEX 1.

APPENDIX 2.

APPENDIX 3.

OPTION 2.

A source: Nemov RS "Psychology in 3 volumes". - M .: VLADOS, 1995. - Volume 3, p. 148.

This technique is intended for children from 4 to 5 years old and duplicates the previous one for children of this age. It is designed to investigate the processes of figurative-logical thinking, mental operations of analysis and generalization in a child. In the methodology, children are offered a series of pictures (APPENDIX 4), which show different objects, accompanied by following instruction:
“In each of these pictures, one of the four objects depicted on it is superfluous. Look carefully at the pictures and determine which item is superfluous and why. "
It takes 3 minutes to solve the problem.

Evaluation of results

10 points- the child solved the task assigned to him in less than 1 minute, naming unnecessary objects in all the pictures and correctly explaining why they are unnecessary.
8 -9 points- the child correctly solved the problem in a time from 1 min to 1.5 min.
6 —7 points- the child coped with the task in a time of 1.5 to 2.0 minutes.
4 -5 points- the child solved the problem in a time from 2.0 to 2.5 minutes.
2 —3 points- the child solved the problem in a time from 2.5 minutes to 3 minutes.
0—1 score- the child did not complete the task in 3 minutes.

Conclusions about the level of development

10 points- very tall
8 -9 points- high
4 —7 points- average
2 —3 points- short
0 - 1 point - very low

APPENDIX 4 A.

APPENDIX 4 B. Supplementary materials to the methodology "What is superfluous?"

OPTION 3.

A source: Almanac psychological tests- M .: KSP, 1996 - 400 p.

To carry out the study, you will need the forms of the "Exclusion of excess" methodology, which makes it possible to assess the subject's ability to generalize and highlight essential features. The technique consists of series, each series contains 4 words. (2 options are offered). The experimenter needs to have a stopwatch and a protocol for recording responses.

Material: Form with printed series of four to five words.

Instructions and progress: I present to the subject the form and say: “Here, each line contains five (four) words, of which four (three) can be combined into one group and give it a name, but one word does not apply to this group. It must be found and excluded (deleted). "

Form for verbal variant

1 OPTION.
1. Table, chair, bed, floor, wardrobe.
2. Milk, cream, lard, sour cream, cheese.
3. Boots, boots, laces, felt boots, slippers.
4. Hammer, pliers, saw, nail, ax.
5. Sweet, hot, sour, bitter, salty.
6. Birch, pine, wood, oak, spruce.
7. Plane, cart, man, ship, bicycle.
8. Vasily, Fedor, Semyon, Ivanov, Peter.
9. Centimeter, meter, kilogram, kilometer, millimeter.
10. Turner, teacher, doctor, book, astronaut.
11. Deep, high, light, low, shallow.
12. House, dream, car, cow, tree.
13. Soon, quickly, gradually, hastily, hastily.
14. Failure, excitement, defeat, failure, collapse.
15. Hate, despise, resent, resent, understand.
16. Success, failure, luck, gain, peace of mind.
17. Brave, brave, decisive, evil, courageous.
18. Football, volleyball, hockey, swimming, basketball.
19. Robbery, theft, earthquake, arson, assault
20. Pencil, pen, ruling pen, felt-tip pen, ink .;

OPTION 2.
1) book, briefcase, suitcase, wallet;
2) stove, kerosene stove, candle, electric stove;
3) watches, glasses, scales, thermometer;
4) a boat, a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle;
5) plane, nail, bee, fan;
6) butterfly, caliper, scales, scissors;
7) wood, whatnot, broom, fork;
8) grandfather, teacher, dad, mom;
9) frost, dust, rain, dew;
10) water, wind, coal, grass;
11) an apple, a book, a fur coat, a rose;
12) milk, cream, cheese, bread;
13) birch, pine, berry, oak;
14) minute, second, hour, evening;
15) Vasily, Fedor, Semyon, Ivanov.

INTERPRETATION:

SCALE FOR EVALUATING THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENERALIZATION OPERATION

Number of points		Characteristics of problem solving
		The subject correctly and independently names the generic concept to denote:
5 ---	---- 5
		At first he calls the generic concept incorrectly, then he himself corrects the error:
4 ---	---- 4	1) to designate objects (words) combined into one group; 2) to designate an "extra" object (word).
		It independently gives a descriptive characterization of a generic concept to denote:
2,5 ---	--- 2,5	1) Items (words) combined into one group; 2) "superfluous" subject (word).
		The same, but with the help of a researcher to indicate:
1 ---	--- 1	2) "superfluous" subject (word).
		Can't define a generic term and can't use help to denote
0 ---	--- 0	1) objects (words) combined into one group; 2) "superfluous" subject (word).

If the subject copes with the first three or four tasks and makes mistakes as they become more complicated, or he correctly solves the task, but cannot explain his decision, choose a name for a group of objects, then we can conclude about his intellectual
failure.
If the subject explains the reason for combining objects into one group not according to their generic or categorical characteristics, but according to situational criteria (that is, he comes up with a situation in which all objects somehow participate), then this is an indicator of concrete thinking, inability to build generalizations based on essential characteristics.

APPENDIX.

Didactic game for older preschoolers "The fourth extra"

This game for children 5-7 years old for the development of thinking, attention and consolidation of generalizing concepts.
Goals:
1. Development of thinking, attention.
2. Consolidation of generalizing concepts: vegetables, fruits; clothes, shoes; wild and domestic animals, food; furniture; insects; land, water, air transport.

Game progress:

Show the child the card and say: "Look here, 4 pictures are drawn, 3 of them fit each other, they can be called in one word, and the 4th is superfluous. Which one? Why do you think so?"

Types of provocations:
- to size
- by color
- by form
- by style
- in count
- by material
# 1. Dress, shirt, coat, shoes.

Shoes superfluous, since these are shoes, and a dress, shirt and coat are clothes.
No. 2 Turnip, corn, pear, pepper.

Pear superfluous, since it is a fruit, and turnips, corn and peppers are vegetables.
No. 3. Cucumber, Apple, peas. potato.

Apple superfluous, since it is a fruit, and cucumber, peas, potatoes are vegetables.
No. 4. Pear, lemon, pumpkin, Apple.

Pumpkin superfluous, since it is a vegetable, and a pear, lemon, apple are fruits.
No. 5. Wolf, squirrel, fox, cow.

Cow superfluous, since she is a pet, and the wolf, squirrel, fox are wild animals.
№6. Cat, bear, hare, tiger.

Cat superfluous, since she is a pet, a bear, a hare, a tiger are wild animals.
No. 7. Kefir, butter, cheese, cookies.

Cookies unnecessary, since it is a flour product (bakery), and kefir, butter, cheese are dairy products.
No. 8. Potato, Apple, tomato, cabbage.

Apple superfluous, since it is a fruit, and potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage are vegetables.
№9. 3 strawberries, 4 cherries, 4 plums, 4 gooseberries.

3 strawberries, since there are 3 of them, and the rest are 4.
No. 10. Bus, trolleybus, tram, watering machine.

Watering machine superfluous, since this is a special technique, and a bus, trolleybus, tram is a passenger transport.
No. 11. Butterfly, bee, 2 beetles, mosquito.

2 beetles unnecessary, since there are 2 of them, the rest of the insects: a butterfly, a bee, a mosquito one by one.
No. 12. Chanterelles, fly agaric, porcini mushroom, russula.

Fly agarics unnecessary, since they are not edible, poisonous mushrooms, the rest of the mushrooms can be eaten.
No. 13. Goat, horse, Elk, sheep.

Elk superfluous, since he is a wild beast, and a goat, horse, sheep are domestic animals.
No. 14. Elk, bear, pig, Hare.

Pig superfluous, since she is a pet, and the elk, the bear and the hare are wild animals.
No. 15. Table, wardrobe, sofa, chair.

Sofa superfluous, since it refers to upholstered furniture, a table, wardrobe, chair - to wood.
No. 16. Locomotive, helicopter, car, bus.

Helicopter superfluous, since it is an air transport, and a steam locomotive, a car and a bus are ground transport.
No. 17. Cow, horse, pig, hedgehog.

Hedgehog superfluous, since he is a wild beast, and the cow, horse and pig are pets.
№18. Airplane, ship, boat, sailboat.

Airplane superfluous, since it is an air transport, and a ship, a sailboat, a sailboat is a water one.
№19. Carrot, lemon, pear, apple.

Carrot superfluous, since it is a vegetable, and lemon, pear, apple are fruits.
№ 20. Banana, eggplant, potatoes, beets.

Banana, since it is a fruit, eggplant, potatoes, beets - vegetables.

Belopolskaya N.L. Exclusion of items (Fourth extra). Directions for use + Incentive material

ISBN: 978-5-89353-284-5, Publisher: "Kogito-Center", Year of publication: 2009, Dimensions (manual): 140x205 mm. Dimensions (cards): 115x115 mm. Cover: softcover. Circulation: 1500 copies - 28 pages.

Methodology "Exclusion of the fourth superfluous"

Target: to explore the processes of figurative-logical thinking, mental operations of analysis and generalization in a child.

Stimulus material: pictures depicting 4 objects, one of which does not fit the rest according to the following features: 1) in size; 2) in form; 3) by color; 4) by generic category (wild - domestic animals, vegetables - fruits, clothing, furniture, etc. - 4 pcs. From simple to complex)

Procedure for carrying out the technique: the child is presented with a series of pictures showing different objects, accompanied by the following instruction: “In each of these pictures, one of the four objects depicted on it is redundant. Look carefully at the pictures and determine which item is superfluous and why. " It takes 3 minutes to solve the problem.

Evaluation of results. 10 points - the child solved the task assigned to him in less than 1 minute, naming unnecessary objects in all the pictures and correctly explaining why they are unnecessary. 8-9 points - the child solved the problem correctly in 1 to 1.5 minutes. 6-7 points - the child coped with the task in a time of 1.5 to 2 minutes. 4-5 points - the child solved the problem in 2 to 2.5 minutes. 2-3 points - the child solved the problem in 2.5 to 3 minutes. 0-1 point - the child did not complete the task in 3 minutes.

Conclusions about the level of development. 10 points is very high. 8-9 points - high. 4-7 points - average. 2-3 points - low. 0-1 point is very low.

Stimulus material: