« Good children are the crown of the house,

evil children - the end of the house».

Russian folk proverb.

« Education created by the people themselves and

based on popular principles, has that

educational power, which is not in the most

best systems based on abstract

ideas or borrowed from another people».

Ushinsky K.D.

From time immemorial, the family has been a protection and refuge for a growing person, a place where from infancy he absorbed the foundations of his native culture, customs, and moral principles. “In each of us, materially, intellectually and spiritually, the entire world history, the history of our people, our era, our family is reflected.”

The problem of the family in the modern world is more acute than ever. One of the main reasons for the crisis of family and upbringing is the loss of continuity with the past, the violation of ties between generations. “It is precisely because of the loss of historical continuity modern family does not fulfill its original function: the transfer of spiritual, moral and cultural traditions to the younger generations, having lost the understanding of the very process of education as feeding the child not only bodily, but also spiritual food.

The culture of the family determines the direction of the development of a person's personality. moral feelings the child is gradually formed into his moral position. The dominant feelings and moral position constitute the moral character and subsequently determine the moral behavior of a person.

Fundamentals of spiritual moral education the child is placed in the family. In this regard, the spiritual and moral education of children in the family is possible only if the family is strengthened, morally and spiritually healthy, which, in turn, is the basis for stabilizing society and the country as a whole.

Amongspiritual and moral characteristics of the family characteristic of the domestic familyculture, and conducive to the spiritual and moral education of children are:

love, sacrifice and mutual understanding between spouses,

Conducting a moral lifestyle on the basis of domestic

spiritual traditions,

common spiritual goal for family members to serve others,

society, fatherland,

Recognition by the spouses of the family and children as genuine spiritual

values,

The desire of the spouses to strengthen the family and the desire to educate

harmoniously developed children,

Recognition of the hierarchy of relationships in the family, taking into account

interests, roles and places of all its members,

Mutual respect and mutual responsibility of all family members,

· joint spiritual growth of all family members.

Spiritual and moral education in a traditional Russian family has historically been based on traditional forms Orthodox family life :

· family life in accordance with the annual cycle of traditional

holidays, common working and prayer life of the family,

Caring for young children and elderly family members

especially responsible and loving attitude to education

baby (long breastfeeding, fostering),

use in the education of oral and visual folk

creativity, folklore games, joint production of toys -

homemade,

the feasible participation of children in the labor activity of the family,

teaching needlework and crafts,

common family meal

Instructive family reading followed by discussion

read,

existence family council with the decisive word of the elder

family member.

It should be emphasized that in the traditional Russian family, which is the standard of a prosperous and spiritually prosperous family, all forms of spiritual and moral education of children were based on the principles hierarchy relations and a clear distribution of responsibilities of mother and father, grandparents, elders and younger in the family, enshrined in the social ideal of a man and a woman, a boy and a girl, a boy and a girl, a boy and a girl. Relationships in the traditional family were built on obedience and responsibility each member of the family, respect for the elders, care for the younger ones.

The most important moral foundation of the family was the respectful attitude of children to their parents, which was brought up in peasant families from childhood and strengthened by the very structure of the religious and social life of the village throughout the life of each person. The religious meaning of respect for parents (" For God commanded: Honor your father and mother; and: whoever curses his father or mother, let him die by death» - Matt. 15, 4) was especially clearly manifested in the widespread special attitude among Russians towards parental blessing and parental curse.

Spiritual education began with baptism . The overwhelming majority of the Russian people could not allow the newborn to remain unbaptized. The fully conscious recognition of the need for baptism has been and is the most important element of the mass religious consciousness of Russians.

Religious upbringing in pious peasant families is reflected in numerous biographies of ascetics who emerged from the peasantry. Their contemporaries, starting to tell about the life of an ascetic, as a rule, spoke, at least briefly, about the environment in which he grew up in childhood. Most often, they relied on the stories of the ascetic himself.

Mandatory were confession and communion children, prayers of children in temples and their participation in family prayers at home - all this was the basis of mass spiritual and moral education.

An example piety for the children were parents . As A.S. Makarenko, “the educational process is a process that is constantly ongoing, and its individual details are resolved in the general tone of the family, and the general tone cannot be invented and artificially maintained. The general tone is created by one's own life and the parents' own behavior.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the family in labor education of each person. At the same time, labor education very naturally and imperceptibly connected with the spiritual, constituting its necessary, integral part.

In many games Peasant children and adolescents very accurately imitated different types of works . Sometimes such games arose from direct observation, took place next to the actions of adults, who always encouraged such a turn in children's amusements. More often these were long-established games according to certain rules, well known to most of the participants. But improvisation has always complemented the strict scheme of the game.

There was a certain sequence of inclusion of children and adolescents in different areas of the economy. Established for a long time, these traditions had a fairly strict age limits and took into account the peculiarities of the economy of the region. Inclusion of children and adolescents in all fishing activities occurred gradually, according to age, under the supervision of adults.

It often began with games encouraged by parents, which turned into a half-game, half-activity. The next step was to connect to the real fishery, but in a certain, easiest area - under the guidance of a senior. The process ended with independent activity, which sometimes began as early as adolescence. The acquisition of skills in agricultural work, as well as in crafts, went beyond the family.

Children, naturally, observed in the field, in the meadow, in the forest and on the river the work not only of adult members of their families, but also of their neighbors and fellow villagers. And not only spontaneously observed, but also received from them often targeted instructions and advice. Helped the family a lot in this regard. public opinion . Those of the teenagers who did not master the skill that, according to local ideas, corresponded to their age, began to be mocked.

The system components of the traditional culture of family education, built on the priority of the spiritual and moral education of children in different types activities: in labor (domestic, handicraft, community ), in holidays, games and family reading, caring for the elderly and smaller family members remained the most important:

Respectful attitude towards elders (their veneration),

Attitude towards marriage as a sacred union,

Demanding and responsibility

The conscience and honor of every member of the family.

The continuity of domestic family traditions, the culture of family education, of course, can strengthen family ties and conciliarity of society generally. Priority of the highest spiritual interests and values ​​of the family above the material brings the family in its development to a higher level of service to society, the Fatherland.

IN modern Russia it is necessary to revive practically all forms of the Orthodox family way of life. quite real family councils It is beneficial for the harmonious development of children to use folk toys and games, especially those made jointly by children and adults. Great opportunities for the development of the child are oral and visual folk art.

The lag in the first months and years in mental and speech development can be overcome by resurrection traditional infant education : mandatory breastfeeding, nurturing, using songs, nursery rhymes, lullabies, fairy tales.

Strengthen relationships of trust and respect family meals and common holidays , both intra-family and uniting several families, groups of children in kindergarten, school, family club, church community.

Caring for close people is effectively manifested and formed in the course of holiday preparations throughout the year through the making of gifts, treats, performances, and the necessary skills for this are acquired by teaching needlework and crafts in the family, in joint common affairs.

The enlightenment of the Russian people at all times was determined family reading tradition , which in our time has been preserved in a few families. At the same time, collections of books of Russian classical literature are still kept in almost every house. Restoring interest and love for family reading can be helped by new modern forms interfamily communication: family clubs, schools for young parents, family living rooms, which in a real and natural form will solve the problem of increasing the pedagogical competence of parents when attracting specialists to the work of these family associations.

It is advisable to involve older people in family associations, create family libraries, audio and video libraries. It is in informal associations that it is possible to introduce new family traditions and holidays on the days of memory of the patron saints of family well-being, the Monk Cyril and Mary, the faithful Peter and Fevronia, the compilation of family genealogies and photo albums with the obligatory participation of all family members.

It is prudent to introduce a family tradition discussions of the day, discussion of what they read, saw, listened to music, experienced events.

Basic principles , underlying traditional family education, modern spiritual and moral education of children in the family:

the principle of family unity based on sacrifice and love,

spiritual growth, striving for the highest spiritual values, which is realized in the service of neighbors, society, the fatherland, participation in the charity programs of the society,

hierarchy, a clear distribution of responsibilities in the family,

the continuity of different generations, the preservation of family traditions,

The Russian people have always had many wonderful properties: selfless loyalty to the Church and the Fatherland, generous charity to the poor, unfortunate, suffering, disinterested hospitality to acquaintances and strangers, to compatriots and foreigners, his heartfelt sympathy for the grief and joy of others.

We admire many of his customs, simple and so cordial, which "breathe with Christian love", many of his great deeds that have adorned our history. Who formed these properties, introduced these customs, inspired the Russian people to great deeds? Orthodox faith.

Russians, brought up from childhood in piety, in the spirit of Orthodoxy, have become accustomed to measuring according to the church calendar all their lives. Church holidays have always been both family celebrations and national ones. They freed, albeit for a short time, a person from the oppression of everyday life, brought the spiritual joy of contact with another, better world.

Works and holidays... On a church holiday, the Russian soul rests and rejoices. Six days - cares and their affairs, and the seventh day - according to the commandment of the Lord - serving God, holy and pleasing to Him. Such a covenant was left by the Lord to man: “the seventh day, the Sabbath, to the Lord thy God” (Exodus 20:10). If in the Old Testament the seventh day of the week was celebrated - Saturday (another Hebrew "peace") - in remembrance of God's creation of the world, then in the New Testament, from the time of the apostles, the first day of the week - Sunday, was celebrated in remembrance of the Resurrection of Christ.

On Sunday, the entire Christian family attends church, does charity work, visits the sick, consoles the sad, and does other good deeds. Together with the children, he definitely reads some soulful books. And in our time there are libraries where pious parents can pick up Orthodox literature for themselves and for their children. They are usually located at temples or a cathedral.

A Russian Orthodox person cannot but love holidays dedicated to the remembrance of great events in the Church of Christ. How bleak life would seem to us if believers lived without these holidays, in the midst of all the fuss, worries, sorrows, insults and untruths of our earthly world?!

With a joyful feeling, people look forward to the holiday and enjoy its refreshing and uplifting power.

Baptism of a child- his spiritual birth was considered in Russia to be more significant than the bodily one and therefore was celebrated by every family to whom, as his condition allowed. The Sacrament of Baptism is the acceptance of the person being baptized into church society. When performing the Sacrament of Baptism, several rites are performed, each of them has a symbolic spiritual meaning.

The conversion of the baptized to the West (the place of darkness) to renounce Satan, which is spiritual darkness.

Anointing the baby with oil before immersion in water (font) - for invincibility in the fight against Satan. Immersion in water, in which the Holy Spirit secretly descends on the person being baptized and cleanses from sins.

Dressing in white clothes and the laying of the cross on the chest means that the baptized person has been cleansed of sins and must lead a pure life and constantly remember the cross - a symbol of salvation. Walking around the font

is a symbol of eternity. Hair cutting is the surrender of the newly baptized to the will of God.

Together with the Sacrament of Baptism, the Sacrament of Confirmation is performed: with sacred chrism (scented oil), the priest depicts crosses with a brush on his forehead, eyes, ears, lips, nostrils, chest, arms and legs - to sanctify all his feelings, deeds and all behavior.

After Baptism, the baptismal table was immediately laid and, in addition to the guests, the poor were also fed. A home holiday, a festive dinner on the day of the Sacrament of Baptism in Russia was called christening. Let us recall the poet's verses: "On Tuesday I was called to the christening." On this day, the closest and Dear people visit the baby and parents. Only married women with children were allowed to visit the newborn. Brought to christening expensive gifts and a lot of treats to free the not yet strong hostess from unnecessary worries and worries associated with preparing the table.

The godfather and mother were presented with gifts, they also gave something as a keepsake to the child, they were always respected and revered as close relatives.

The birthday of the child was not as significant as the day of the angel or name day - they were celebrated throughout the life of the child. On this day, the birthday boy had to go to the temple and, having prepared in advance, having confessed, partake of the Holy Mysteries. According to Russian custom, if, of course, the condition allowed, birthday people sent birthday cakes to guests, but later, already in the 18th century, guests were simply invited to the birthday table, who brought gifts to the hero of the occasion, clergymen were also present, blessed the birthday man with icons. Invited guests sang for many years, and after the table he could also give gifts to guests.

It has long been known that Christian parenting- First of all, the business of the family, at home. In the bosom of the family, a person stays constantly, day after day, it affects all aspects of our lives - personal relationships, cooking, eating, health and illness. The whole life of the child passes in the family.

Each nation has its own, specific, whole system that has developed over many millennia. educational system covering all aspects of preparing children and adolescents for future life, its own folk pedagogy, which for a long time, improving and improving, is transmitted from the older generation to the younger, subsequently becomes the property of young parents and gives positive educational results in the moral development of the individual.

Archaeological research gives grounds to assert that the traditions of folk education among today's Orthodox Christians began to take shape in the 6th-9th centuries.

The family was the most important institution for the upbringing of children and adolescents. She was the hearth of life that helped a person to feel socially protected. family education has been powerful for centuries. The cult of the family dominated the communities. This is evidenced by many sayings: “In the family and porridge is thicker”, “Food is tastier at the common table”, etc.

The authority of the parents was extremely great. Their relationship with children was based on the unconditional obedience of children, regardless of their age. Adult sons brought the bride first to the parental home. As a rule, the father made the decision to separate them.

Unmarried society condemned. Divorce was considered a terrible disgrace, and divorces were extremely rare. If it was not possible to save the family, then the divorced with a considerable amount of irony and condemnation were called, respectively, “straw widower”, “straw widow”. Parents did not accept “straw” widows and widowers, the priest in the church did not take them “under the cross”.

The classical family usually consisted of a grandfather, sons, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, headed by a Bolshak; this role was passed down from father to son. The eldest man managed the entire life and household of the family. The whole culture of behavior in the family was built on the principle of respect for men and elders.

In a working family, a mother was surrounded by reverence, special respect, which was enshrined in the custom of everyday behavior. Such an attitude was an important element of moral education, which was laid down from the very beginning. early childhood. “The husband is the head, the wife is the soul” (families) - this is how the roles of spouses in family life.

The mother showed the children a personal example of love for them, everyday care, tenderness and affection. In turn, in her old age she could count on the respect and care of her children. If adult children forgot about their duty to their mother, society stood up for her protection, demanding punishment for them.

Like many other peoples of our country, the Russian people are proud of their uplifting customs and traditions of respect for the younger elders, thus emphasizing their attitude to life experience, wisdom, spiritual heritage, and educational example. The Russian people had the principle: "The elder said, do it." And it doesn't matter who was the eldest: father or grandfather, older brother or neighbor. The elders were especially revered. On the street, at the sight of an old man, they slowed down, took off their hats, and hurried to bow. Violation of this rule did not go unnoticed. The peasant community did not know "foreign" children. The elder always stopped the offender: “Who will you be? Go and tell at home that you don’t respect old people, and I’ll come to you in the evening.” And he certainly informed the house (father, grandfather) about his misconduct and was necessarily subjected to the most severe suggestion, and even punishment.

In the presence of the elderly, they did not smoke, did not appear casually dressed, women and girls did not appear before them without headdresses. The old people made sure that the beardless and beardless did not drink alcohol, and adults did not drink on weekdays.

The younger generation showed respect for the older generation and good care behind graves in cemeteries, planting flowers and trees there, caring for them, caring for the memory of ancestors. To help the dead, it was necessary to perform such good deeds as: to serve mass in memory of the dead; order a memorial service in the church and put candles on the memorial table (eve); no less important is the distribution of alms to those in need.

Peasant families had children different ages. We were proud of having many children.

The upbringing of children took place, as it were, gradually, indirectly. The father never said to his son: "I raised you." Most often he claimed: "I fed you and watered you."

In the family, children not only mastered their future work duties, mastering practical skills, but also realized their functions in the future. adulthood. The girl adopted from her mother the style of her behavior in the family, learned to build her relationships with other family members, recognizing the unconditional authority of the man - the head of the family. The innate instinct of motherhood developed through the constant practice of participating in the upbringing of children: babysitting, looking after the younger ones. From early childhood, the girl began to take care of her future family life, preparing a dowry for herself - she spun, weaved, embroidered.

The boy also began to realize the future responsibility for the family from early childhood, being involved in various kinds of labor activity and also gradually entering the established system of relationships. The virtues of the young man were dexterity, strength, sobriety, diligence - those guidelines to which he had to strive.

parent family served for children as a prototype of their future life order.

Much attention was paid physical development boys. Many children's games (lapta, for example), including running, jumping, throwing objects, developed endurance and ingenuity. These games formed the skills of social behavior. Children were taught to ride early. The boy was put on a horse at the age of two or three. Further riding training made dashing riders out of teenagers and young men. Not a single holiday was complete without races, where young people demonstrated their prowess.

A significant role was assigned to mental education. Long winter evenings collective readings were held in literate peasant families. In a Siberian peasant family, one could hear about the Battle of the Ice, the Battle of Kulikovo, the oprichnina, the Time of Troubles, the split Orthodox Church, about the reforms of Peter the Great and much more.

We also note another important aspect of the family - its special microclimate. The very mention of parental home evokes warm and kind feelings in every person, because from time immemorial in the family love and sincerity, benevolence and tolerance, hospitality and sensitivity to state of mind; found solace in times of adversity.

In relations with children, parents resorted not only to affection, but also to punishments for misconduct. Moreover, while the child was small, he was most often not punished, but frightened. “Look, you will meet a forest man, I saw him once, he is as tall as a birch tree, and his eyes are cloudy, his beard is white, God forbid to meet him,” they said to a child who was on a spree until late in the evening. Or: “I sat down at the table with dirty hands, and immediately a demon joined you. He is looking at how to grab a piece, ”etc.

The child got older - punishment was used. These could be reproaches for additional work for the mother, when he came in a torn shirt; severely reprimanded for the dirt in the house, damage to things; could be flogged for careless handling of fire. A crying, repentant child was tried to be forgiven. A friendly, affectionate attitude towards children created a sense of security in them.

The need for severe punishment was preached by the authors of numerous "instructions", "teachings", "parables" about education. But in the practice of education, physical punishment was considered an extreme measure, since " sweet word thicker than a club."

Strictly adhered to in the family and the rules not to punish children with labor, since labor should be associated with joy, then it will not be a burden.

Thus, the family with its way of life, customs, traditions, relationships was for the child a prototype of his future family, it determined the economic and moral foundations on which peasant life was based.

Without God, a nation is a crowd,

united by vice:

Or blind, or deaf, or,

what's even scarier

And let anyone ascend the throne,

speaking

high-pitched,

The crowd will remain the crowd

until you turn

Hieromonk Roman

The lessons of the period 1917-2017 show us, on the one hand, the importance of educational process at school, and on the other hand, the impossibility of effectively building this work without relying on the commandments of God, the spiritual values ​​of the family, society, and traditions inherent in the Orthodox worldview. Historically, upbringing and education in Russia until 1917 was religious, which was then lost and became secular. The lessons of the history of the last century confirm the need to build education and upbringing in the spirit of Orthodox traditions.

On the threshold of the third millennium of the Christian era, there is an urgent need to survey and use all the richness of the accumulated pedagogical experience: religious and secular, modern and past, Russian and foreign. We must seek and strive for an organic synthesis of everything valuable that exists in pedagogy, comprehending this heritage from Orthodox positions and approaches based, first of all, on dogmatics and anthropology. This is necessary in order to outline the direction and landmarks of the future path.

At the same time, past experience alone in pedagogy is clearly not enough; it is necessary to enrich and supplement it with the most “hot”, modern, own, best experience. Just as soil fertility is important for the successful growth of plants, water quality is important for fish, and air quality for everything that breathes, so children need a favorable environment conducive to their upbringing and development. The quality of the living environment of education can be defined as its pedagogy.

Pedagogics is a dynamic category and can be of a high-positive degree, medium and low: fertile, moderate and meager.

Literally everything in the life around us is pedagogical: people - their words, deeds, manners, habits; way of life, way of life, customs, traditions, songs, books, paintings, etc. Therefore, it is not indifferent who and what surrounds the child, what impressions the young soul receives, what spirit it imbues, what it lives on. Due to the openness, sensitivity, impressionability and high imitativeness of the child's soul, unable to distinguish between the useful and the harmful, the correct pedagogical ideal, living examples embodying this ideal, and a fertile pedagogical environment of life are important.

Is it possible to separate the concepts of Orthodox education/upbringing in the family and Orthodox education/upbringing at school? Taking into account the historical experience of the last century, we understand that it is impossible.

Family and school are environment, tandem! Family and school in matters of Orthodox upbringing and education can and should complement each other, because it is the tandem of family and school in matters of upbringing and education that determines how a child will enter adulthood.

Using the example of MBOU "Secondary School No. 13 with Aesthetic Cycle UIP" we will prove that fruitful cooperation between a secular (not with an Orthodox bias) school and an Orthodox family is possible in order to form (educate) a spiritual and moral personality.

First of all, upbringing and education must have a Christian basis. To improve the pedagogical work of St. Theophan the Recluse proposed to rebuild all education - home and school - on true Christian principles. “Every science taught to a Christian must be saturated with Christian principles, and, moreover, Orthodox ones.” “Education, first of all, should be Christian,” wrote K.D. Ushinsky. “For us, non-Christian pedagogy is an unthinkable thing, an enterprise without motives behind and without results ahead. Everything that a person as a person can and should be is fully expressed in the Divine teaching, and it only remains for education, first of all, and to put the eternal truths of Christianity at the basis of everything. It serves as the source of all light and all truth and indicates the highest goal of all education. Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov also spoke about this: “We are Christians, and, therefore, Revelation should serve as the basis of our upbringing.”

Based on the experience of our institution, we believe that it is necessary to return to the origins of the Orthodox education system so that children's stay at school is based on 3 main pillars: discipline, traditions, love and respect.

The meaning of the word Discipline in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language according to Efremova T.F. - this is obedience to firmly established rules, mandatory for all members of this team. The meaning of the word Discipline according to Ozhegov S.I. - this is obligatory for all members of a collective obedience to the established order, rules.

In our educational organization, these are the internal regulations, the Charter of the school, the Regulations on the requirements for appearance participants in educational relations, lesson schedule, additional education and extracurricular activities.

These and other documents constitute the educational component of the MBOU "Secondary School No. 13 with Aesthetic Cycle UIP". Carrying out official duties, including wearing school uniform, neat appearance, observance of the rules and norms of cultural behavior, respect for elders and kids, control and raids by the Council of High School Students, the Governing Council, the Council of Fathers, teachers on duty, classes on duty, class teachers, educational and socio-psychological services, an individual approach to everyone - all this contributes to the education of a student, a responsible, disciplined and cultured personality. The results of diagnostics according to Kapustina “Level of upbringing” demonstrate the correct path chosen by the school in matters of education:

Comparative analysis of the level of upbringing of students in grades 1-4,

2015-2016 academic year year

The level of formation of indicators of upbringing

students in grades 5-11

Indicators of upbringing	The level of formation by school
self-education
Attitude towards health
Patriotism
Attitude towards art
Attitude towards nature
adaptability
autonomy
Social activity
Moral
social tolerance
upbringing

For the child to be successful adaptation period in a school with such requirements, no matter what class he entered, it would be right for the family to have this already laid down and accepted. Let us turn to the experience of the Orthodox family, where discipline is equal to obedience.

My children study at this school. In our Orthodox large family, it is obligatory to observe the daily routine, hygiene rules, special attention and parental control is paid to appearance, clothing, and neatness. Honoring parents, respect for elders is the key to Orthodox upbringing in our family. Bearing in mind the folk wisdom that obedience is more than fasting and prayer, I am very reverent and serious about the issue of compliance with the requirements of a parent.

Output: For the school, which traditionally has a clear implementation and observance of the norms and rules of all members of the team, the Orthodox family is good helper, help in the formation of spirituality, moral principles of the individual.

In its turn, Orthodox family comfortable in a school where there is no place for permissiveness, indifference and indifference, where order, discipline and hierarchy in relationships are observed.

School - this is the state, this is the world in which our students live for eleven whole years. School traditions are the link that unites teachers, students, graduates and parents. The presence of established traditions is a sign of a close-knit, friendly, caring team. We feel the influence of traditions both on holidays and in everyday school life. A school is not a building, not classrooms. School is a lofty spirit, a dream, an idea that captivates three people at once: a teacher, a student, a parent” (L.A. Kassil).

Traditions, traditional… How often do we pronounce these words, not really thinking about their meaning and meaning. What exactly is "tradition"?

Dictionary V. Dahl says: "The rooted order in something ... elements of the social and cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation ...". Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov S.I. says: tradition is what has passed from one generation to another, what has been inherited from previous generations (eg ideas, attitudes, tastes, ways of acting, customs). From time immemorial, a society in which traditions were preserved was stronger and more stable.

Today, when ideological foundations are blurred in our society, when many traditions are lost or forgotten, the problem of school traditions becomes relevant.

The school is part of society. A school without traditions is a dead building in which children and teenagers serve their tedious hours of study. A school with traditions is both a club and a family, it is a place where children receive not just scientific knowledge, but also knowledge about themselves, about the world, about society, about the possibilities of self-realization. Traditions allow you to establish emotional contact between students, students and teachers, teachers and parents, and even teachers with teachers. School traditions should be considered as customs, procedures, rules, which we talked about earlier, firmly established in the school, protected by the team, transmitted from one generation of students and teachers to other generations. What becomes a tradition is what has received the support of the collective, what is accepted not by order from above, but at will; what is repeated. It is no coincidence that the great teacher A.S. Makarenko said: “To educate traditions, to preserve them is an extremely important task of educational work. A school that has no traditions cannot be a good school, and the best schools I have observed are schools that have accumulated traditions.”

Some school traditions will leave, others will come, but their compliance with the spirit of the school and help in educating the younger generation will remain unchanged. School traditions carry a huge educational potential, and as K.D. Ushinsky: "Education that is not imbued with tradition cannot bring up strong characters."

The traditions of our school are rich and every time they have an increasing response in the hearts of parents and students. In the traditions of Orthodox education there is a place for celebration, joy, and patriotism. There are traditions that have developed in the education system over the course of a century, and we observe them: Knowledge Day, Initiation into first graders, Farewell to the ABC, New Year, Last call, school-wide rulers, etc.

Initiation into artists, Christmas gatherings, Festival of the peoples of Russia and the world, “Grandfathers ate in the old days”, Watch of Memory dedicated to Victory Day, Selection round of a staged song and concert dedicated to Victory Day, Adventure Festival, Maslenitsa, Mother’s Day, “From all souls”, “Climbing Olympus”, “Excellent class”, “Health Day”, Dedication of teachers who came to our work team, Teacher's Day (meeting and festive concert), Lessons of history and memory, maintaining a photo chronicle of the school, etc. These are the traditions that are firmly rooted in the life of our school.

In the spirit of Orthodox education, the school pays great attention to the organization and holding of charity events, and the participation of children in them. These are such various good actions "Veteran lives nearby", "Dear goodness", "Care", "Social shop", "20 good deeds", "Help your neighbor!". All this contributes to the upbringing and formation of a caring, compassionate and humane personality of the child.

According to our observations, the family in the above traditional events is active and enterprising.

Activity and initiative are due to the fact that the observance of traditions in the Orthodox family is historically laid down. The meaning and importance of family traditions is not disputed, they are respected and passed down from generation to generation, because family traditions is the basis of Orthodox upbringing and education. In our family, the day begins with a wish good morning and blessings, a joint meal.

Joint meals at a large family table are held every day, regardless of the circumstances. At the same time, there is no place for a TV in the kitchen. A family feast is conducive to communication, the younger learn from the elders how to conduct a conversation, there is an exchange of views, a culture of family communication is being formed.

Visiting the Temple, preparing for confession and the sacrament of Communion is most often carried out by the whole family. Communion of all household members is always, so to speak, a quiet holiday in our large family. Much attention in the family is given to preparing for Orthodox holidays: Maslenitsa, Easter, Trinity, Christmas. These days, the apartment is necessarily thematically decorated, which helps to create a quivering feeling of anticipation of joy. The New Year, in terms of significance and brightness of the celebration, gradually began to push the feast of the Nativity of Christ into the background. Therefore, over time, a second tree appeared in our family - Christmas, with Star of Bethlehem, with themed toys in the form of angels, balls handmade painted in Russian folk style. Just for Christmas, honoring Orthodox traditions, we with children dressed up go to congratulate friends and acquaintances, glorifying the Nativity of Christ.

Family relics and a photo archive are cherished in the family; children know a lot of interesting things about the history of their ancestors. On May 9, we participate in the Immortal Regiment campaign, and one of the rooms is decorated in the appropriate style.

It became our new tradition which makes one remember, not forget one of the lessons of the last century.

When the school passes carnival festivities and the festive fair, the Festival of the Peoples of Russia, of course, our family is one of the first to respond to assistance in the preparation and holding of such events, understanding the importance and significance of preserving Orthodox traditions. I was entrusted with the topic “Family Orthodox Traditions” to speak at a number of school-wide parent meetings.

Output: children brought up on family traditions are easily involved in school events, charity events and are an example for other children.

In a school that is strong in traditions, children are very interested in learning, developing, growing, and enriching themselves.

Education through work is the basic principle of biblical pedagogy. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2015 No. 996-r “On Approval of the Strategy for the Development of Education in Russian Federation for the period up to 2025” is also given great attention.

Labor is, perhaps, one of the main means of developing the psyche and moral attitudes of the individual. It is impossible to talk about the comprehensive development of the personality if the child is freed from labor. Labor education has a substantive basis, which includes two types of labor - educational labor and socially useful. Educational work involves mental and physical. Mental work requires great willpower, patience, perseverance, purposefulness. If the child is accustomed to mental work, this will also be reflected in the positive experience of physical labor.

physical labor in school curriculum presented in the work of students in educational workshops.

Socially useful work is organized in the interests of each student and the entire school staff. This includes self-service work at school and at home, household work at home, care of school plantings, and volunteer work.

Labor education in our school is a tradition, this type of education is carried out in agreement with the family. Every year in September parent meetings parents sign an agreement on the involvement of children in labor activities. Labor landings, cleaning of the school territory, duty in the classroom, canteen and school are traditional, environmental actions"Plant a tree", "Let's save the forest together" (5 tons of waste paper - 2014, 6 tons of 300 kilograms - 2015, 14 tons of 500 kilograms - 2016).

The activity of participants in educational relations is growing. The school project "Social project from each class" forms an indifferent attitude towards each other and others. A practice-oriented art project aimed at working with children with handicapped of Health "From Heart to Heart" was awarded a grant from the President of the Russian Federation as part of the support of talented and capable youth.

Work in our family is always a joint effort. As they say, a busy bee has no time for idleness, so each child has his own household chores: washing dishes, cleaning the apartment, buying food and household goods, taking out the garbage, everyone knows how to iron their things, cook food, etc. IN free time we do needlework. After working together, whether it is digging up potatoes, repairing a house or cleaning an apartment, an interesting family vacation is always provided, etc.

Output: Today, labor education should be one of the priority areas of the school, and the approach to it should be as serious as it is interesting. The family, in which love for work has been instilled since childhood, is a key link in organizing such events.

Our family is happy to take part in social events (subbotniks, collection of waste paper), in charity events, because helping our neighbor has always been in the traditions of the Russian Orthodox people .

All educational work And educational process built on love and respect and on the commandments of God: do not kill, do not steal, do not bear false witness, honor your father and mother. The main vital element of growth and development in pedagogy is love, which is most of all pedagogical, because it endures for a long time, is merciful, does not envy, is not exalted, is not proud, does not act outrageously, does not seek its own, does not rejoice in iniquity, but rejoices in the truth ... Love is the most gracious, pedagogical and most excellent property of the human soul.

In my opinion, only together the family, the school and the Church can instill even more little child the initial concepts of love for the Motherland, i.e. lay the foundations for patriotic education.

In such a school and in such a family there is no place for the use alcoholic beverages, smoking, drug use, swearing, Halloween celebrations, Valentine's Day.

The city we live in is growing every year. Together with him, our school is also growing, increasing in the number of students coming to us from different microdistricts, from families of different status. However, tradition, order, discipline and work help to have a positive influence on them. As they say, they don’t go to a foreign monastery with their charter. And the guys, even if not immediately, get used to our traditions and become patriots of our great school family. And this is the merit of not only the teaching staff, but also the parents who are always with us, who are interested in a worthy, spiritual and moral upbringing of their children.

The school in 2014 was included in the national register of the best educational institutions Russia, was awarded a diploma of the 1st degree of the All-Russian competition "Elite of Russian Education" in the nomination "The Best Educational Organization for Spiritual and Moral Education", is the Laureate all-Russian competition for patriotic education.

The lessons of the history of the last century have shown us that the secular school must build upbringing and educational systems on Orthodox principles, and together with the Orthodox family, be a tandem in creating a favorable environment in which everyone is comfortable and there is no place for indifference!

Save me, God! Thanks for reading!

Bibliography:

1. Bazarov I., priest. On Christian Education // Journal of the Ministry of Public Education. Ch.HSSH. - January. - St. Petersburg: Type. Imp. Academy of Sciences, 1857. - p.165.

2. Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language.

3. Efremova T.F. New dictionary Russian language.

4. priest Zelenenko Alexander term paper of a student of SPbDA St. Petersburg, 1997.

5. Makarenko A.S. pedagogical poem.

6. Ozhegov S.I. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Ed. 4th, corrected and added. - M.: State. ed. foreign and national dictionaries, 1961.

7. Podlasy I.P. Pedagogy: 100 questions - 100 answers: textbook. allowance for universities / I.P. Sneaky. - Pedagogy - M .: VLADOS-press, 2004.

8. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2015 No. 996-r “On approval of the Strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025”.

9. Rozhkov M.I., Baiborodova L.V. Organization of the educational process at school. - M., 2000

10. Ushinsky K.D. - In: Thoughts on Orthodox Pedagogy. Issue 1. - M.: Vysokopetrovsky monastery, 1994. - p. 21.

11. Ushinsky K.D. Collection of ped. compositions. - St. Petersburg, 1875.

12 . Ushinsky K.D. - Quote. according to the book: Pirogov N.I. Selected pedagogical works. - M.: Ed. APN RSFSR, 1952. - p. 59.

13. Ushinsky K.D. Collected Works: In 11 volumes / Ed. A.M. Egolin. - T.4.: Child's world and Reader. - M.-L.: Ed. APN RSFSR, 1948. - p.16,17.

14. Feofan, ep. The path to salvation. - M., 1899. - p. 44, 45 .

Alena Grischuk
Traditions and culture of the Christian family, in the moral education of children

TRADITIONS AND CULTURE OF THE CHRISTIAN FAMILY, IN MORAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN.

"IN education lies a great secret

improvement of human nature.

German philosopher E. Kant

A person is not born perfect, but his nature requires it, and the task of the whole life of a person is to strive for something more perfect and beautiful.

correct upbringing prevents the accumulation of negative experience by the child, prevents the development of unwanted skills and habits of behavior, which may adversely affect the formation of his moral qualities.

Moral- this is the ability and desire of a person to live according to moral norms, rules, principles. Moral qualities are not inherited, they must be bring up.

IN education plays a huge role family. And in most cases, it becomes the most valuable gift of fate for each of us.

Family starts with marriage. According to St. John Chrysostom, marriage has become for Christian"mystery of love" in which spouses, their children and the Lord Himself participate. The fulfillment of this mysterious union of love is possible only in the spirit Christian faith, in the feat of voluntary and sacrificial service to each other.

Family in Christian understanding, there is a domestic Church, it is a single organism, whose members live and build their relationships on the basis of the law of love.

What a concept « family» has and moral, and the spiritual nature is confirmed by religious-philosophical and theological studies.

Special Role families -"home church" in Christian culture- lies in the performance of the primordial function - spiritually - moral education of children.

Children perceived not as an accidental acquisition, but as a gift from God, which parents are called to cherish and "multiply", contributing to the disclosure of all the forces and talents of the child, raising him to virtuous Christian life.

The birth of a child is a true happiness for every parent. For believers, the birth of a new member families necessarily associated with such church rites, how:

Baptism;

Chrismation;

communion;

Churching.

Having been born, the baby immediately joins the religion and culture, and this gives him the opportunity to feel like a no less significant part of society than those around him. They begin to instill faith and love for God from the cradle, but not with strict orders, but in the form of a game and storytelling. children up to a year are not protected from family religious traditions: on the contrary, parents read prayers aloud to the kids, talk about church holidays, show icons.

Childhood is the time of development of all human forces, both mental and bodily, the time of acquiring knowledge about the world around us, the time of formation moral skills and habits. In the preschool period there is an active accumulation moral experience, and the appeal to spiritual life also begins at preschool age with moral self-determination and the formation of self-consciousness. Systematic spiritual moral education child from the first years of life ensures its adequate social development and harmonious formation of personality.

The main means of spiritual moral development of the child's personality is the development of Orthodox spiritual and moral values. Introduction to the Orthodox cultural tradition naturally goes through reproduction annual cycle of holidays, work, games, the use of specially selected folk tales and small folklore forms (proverbs, sayings, nursery rhymes, through acquaintance children with musical and pictorial works on gospel subjects.

Orthodox parenting practiced in many families where there are believing parents. Raising a child's good character, development of his ability to virtuous life has always been determined by the way of life of mother and father, by the extent to which the parents themselves could set a good example for him. Without an example and guidance in goodness, a child loses the ability to form as a person.

At preschool age, children are ready to accept God as the Creator of our world in which we live. Children admire the beauty of flowers, trees, all nature, enjoy the breeze, the sun, the rainbow. Consider patterned snowflakes in winter. At 5-6 years old, they understand as obvious that God is the Creator of the world - our common home and feel Love for God's world. Both processes of knowledge and love contribute to the formation of children's awareness of the expediency of the organization of the whole world and all God's creatures. The thirst for spiritual knowledge is inherent in a person from the very beginning, and every year this thirst intensifies, it is already realized by the child and is very acute due to the bright emotional at this age. perception and experiencing life's conflicts.

At any family with healthy family relationships Parents strive to give their children the very best that is available to them. This applies to material wealth and necessary things, as well as moral principles and life principles. It is important for parents that the child be well and warmly dressed, fed, get a good education, and subsequently a decent job, and find family happiness. This is what ordinary parents who do not strictly adhere to faith want. Parents- Christians want the same for their children, but not primarily, but as an addition. Their main goal education is to the soul of a child "pictured Christ» so that the child would gain unshakable faith in the Church and live according to its canons.

Modern life has many temptations, is full of customs, unusual Christianity. Therefore, the parent Christian should help the child fight these temptations and teach him to live in parallel with them, going his own way, the way of faith.

There is not a single nation in the world that does not have its own traditions and customs passing on their experience, knowledge and achievements to new generations.

Family Traditions are family norms., behaviors, customs and attitudes that are passed down from generation to generation. They distribute roles in areas of family life, establish rules for intra-family communication, including ways to resolve conflicts and overcome emerging problems.

The traditions of moral education are familiar to every Christian. They evolved over the centuries and still form the basis Christian life.

Faith and piety are the foundation moral education of children.

moral education:

Responsiveness (compassion, empathy)

Rules of behavior "Harm no one"

Conscience, responsibility (a person's ability to self-control, self-esteem based on public moral assessments).

Terms moral education:

Atmosphere of love

Atmosphere of sincerity

Reasonable Punishment

Positive adult example

Only when the child is confident parental love, creating in family atmosphere of sincerity, with reasonable punishment it is possible education of moral behavior.

Many traditions observed in our country and in those families in which it is not customary to pray every day and attend Church on Sundays.

But people are going family for Easter, bake Easter cakes, celebrate Christmas Christ's many observe Great Lent. Of course life Christian is not limited to these actions and involves compliance with certain traditions every day.

Children receive the first lessons of kindness and love in their own home, in a circle families, during such traditions as a meal. In many families keep this tradition, replenish lack of communication among members families and this is a kind of symbol of nepotism. From childhood, children are told that a wife is obedient to her husband, she keeps in family peace, warmth and love. Father is the head families obedient to the Heavenly Father. Father is responsible for family before God. Children grow up in obedience to their parents. Respectfully and joyfully doing their will

IN Christian family teach children that that a reasonable person should be afraid of grieving God - the Heavenly Father with a bad deed. This is called the fear of God. Christians teach their children that, following the example of a merciful God, they should do good, give alms without delay, forgive, be modest, sympathize, love people and even their enemies, try to serve people, and thank God for everything.

Old tradition is the reading of the morning and evening prayers throughout family. The head of the family reads loudly, all households repeat after him quietly. This traditions important to adhere to in modern times. If you can’t get everyone together twice a day, then you can do it once, for example, before going to bed. Grown up children, along with their parents, need to attend night services when it is supposed to. For example, at Easter, on Holy Week, before Christmas Christ's. It is necessary to teach a child to observe fasts from an early age. But it is impossible not to allow prohibitions to eat certain foods, it is important that the child himself learns to refuse it. Spiritual literature is read with children from a very early age. At first, these may be children's books on biblical topics, presented in understandable language, perhaps with pictures. Thus, I convey to the children the image of kindness, responsiveness.

In our city to support such traditions, at the Holy Trinity Cathedral, open Sunday School For everyone. In this school, children learn the Law of God, the basics Christian doctrine, Bible story. Also in this school, the clergy conduct conversations for adults dedicated to clarifying the truths of the Orthodox faith, the history of the church, and worship. The knowledge gained in these conversations, parents pass on to their children.

The most important thing is that all this is done with genuine sincerity and warmth, since family traditions play important role in the formation moral qualities, all moral and aesthetic culture of a person. Their support and development is carried out mainly through collective participation in events of national importance and the organization of leisure, both in family, as well as outside of it.

Summing up, we can safely say that in traditions of christian culture occupies the main place family.

Family is the first instance on the way of the child to life. She passes on to the children cultural and moral values ​​through the example of adults, instilling responsiveness, kindness, responsibility and rules of behavior in society.

IN family should be preserved and transmitted spiritually moral traditions created by ancestors and what parents are responsible for parenting.

If children distinguish good from bad, are able to resist temptations, evil and violence, respect their elders, love their parents and loved ones, then this is positive result education.

Observe traditions and teach it to your children well but true Christian should not just blindly do what is prescribed, but must also understand the essence.

Bibliography.

1. Gladkikh L. P. Fundamentals of the Orthodox culture: Nauch. - method. manual for teachers of kindergartens. - Kursk, 2008.

2. Kirkos R. Yu Orthodox parenting preschool age. St. Petersburg: Satis - Derzhavi, 2005.

3. Kulomzina S. Our Church and our children. Christian upbringing people in the modern world. - M., 2008 Program optional course // Laboratory of the Russian School // Kursk. KSPU, 1997

4. Shishova T. P. How bring up obedience in a child? - M., 2010

5. Yudin A. B. Russian traditional folk spirituality. - M., 1994

6. Internet sources.