House Theme

in the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter"

The Grinyovs' house is a vital and moral fortress with deep and powerful moral roots.

Plan:

1. Provincial family "nest" of the Grinyovs (introduction).

2 Father's beginning is a symbol of the House of Grinevs.

3. The role of the mother's line in the Grinyovs' house.

4. A strong family union is the main value of the House of Grinevs.

5. The influence of family and home on the formation of the character of a son.

6. Respect and love for the native "nest" - the main feature of the Russian House of the 18th century.

In A. Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter" we have two houses in front of us - the Grinyovs' house and the captain Mironov's house. First, we get acquainted with the provincial family "nest" of the Grinevs.

The owner and head of this family is Grinev Sr. A person of principle, noble, possessing the concept of honor, duty, dignity. Father is stern, but fair. We learn how Petrusha's father dealt severely with the French teacher Beaupre for his immoral behavior.

The Grinyovs' house has a measured, unhurried rhythm of life, where everyone is busy with their own business.

In such families, the child went through the program primary school... And it depended on the means and condition of the parents who and how will continue to teach the child. In The Captain's Daughter, this is Savelich. Petrusha learned to read and write at the age of twelve.

In the novel, we see the most crucial moment - when it is necessary to decide the fate of the only son. It was not easy for Grinyov, the father, to decide the fate of his only son. In his own home, the father blessed his son for the service and gave the following instructions: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; do not chase after their affection ... and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, and honor from your youth. " The paternal principle is a symbol of the House of Grinevs. Andrey Petrovich loves his son, takes care of him. But the main thing for a father is to preserve in his son those concepts of honor and duty with which he admonished him. The father worries that his son "is not worthy to wear a sword yet."

AS Pushkin shows a harmonious picture of Home and Family.

Mother is soft, kind, affectionate. Her Petrusha was a darling, her only and beloved son. He often tried to be close to his mother. Avdotya Vasilievna is not only gentle and loving mother, but also the mistress of the House. She also has a motherly attitude towards the servants, tries to understand them.

Pushkin draws attention to the fact that the models of behavior of the mother and father in the house are different. But this difference creates in the House the possibility of a surprisingly strong union, the indissolubility of unity in the House, which is the main value of the Russian House and the Russian Family.

The Grinev House and Family is a vital and moral fortress, where deep and powerful moral roots lie. It was from this fortress that Pyotr Andreevich Grinev took out those moral values ​​and guidelines that helped him so much in life.

To be continued…

In the story "The Captain's Daughter", AS Pushkin touches upon the problem of noble honor, which is very important for him and his compatriots. Showing the gradual formation of the personality of Pyotr Grinev, the main character of the work, the author outlines the Russian national character, which is characterized by such qualities as kindness, nobility, honesty, loyalty to the given word and the sovereign. Only after going through difficult life trials, the young nobleman becomes what we see him in the finale.

Life in the father's house

The text of the story is a memoir written on behalf of the protagonist, which makes the events described more credible: no one can tell about a person better than himself.

Petrusha received a traditional upbringing for noble children. A good uncle Savelich was assigned to him, who accompanied the young man even after his departure for service. He was taught by the French hairdresser Beaupré, who could not give a thorough education. The boy lived undersized, carefree and not thinking about the future.

Even before birth, the father recorded his son in But when Pyotr Grinev reached the age of sixteen, he decided to send him not to Petersburg, but to Orenburg, under the supervision of an old acquaintance. So the further fate of the young nobleman was predetermined.

Entering an independent life

The main parting words that the father gave when seeing off his son: "Take care of ... honor from a young age." Peter will follow this principle throughout his life. In the meantime, he looks more like a spoiled barcheon. For the first time he gets drunk and loses one hundred rubles to the unfamiliar Zurin, then demands from Savelich to repay the debt without fail. He insists on an urgent departure to where he was assigned to in Orenburg, and falls into a strong blizzard. But the formation of the personality of Pyotr Grinev is already beginning. He suffers, realizing his guilt before the faithful uncle, and asks for his forgiveness - the ability to admit his mistakes. Gives the counselor who helped them get out of the blizzard with a sheepskin coat - gratitude for the help provided.

Love test

In the Belogorsk fortress, life brings Pyotr Grinev together with a glorious family and faint-hearted Shvabrin. The actions of the latter accentuate the noble traits of the protagonist to a greater extent. Both fall in love with Masha Mironova, but if Shvabrin sinks to meanness, having received a refusal, Grinev is ready to defend the honor of his beloved at the cost of his own life. This happens in the case of a duel, when the hero challenges a more experienced opponent to a duel, who insulted Masha. And also at the moment when the Pugachevites enter the fortress.

Shvabrin not only goes over to their side, but also deceives the defenseless girl locked up, and then announces that she is the daughter of the executed commandant. In the current situation, the characterization of Pyotr Grinev is quite different. He has to do Difficult choice between the duty of an officer, which obliged him to go to the unit, and the desire to protect his beloved. While the hero is sure that nothing threatens Masha, he goes to Orenburg, but at her first call, without receiving support and understanding from the command, he returns to the fortress. The hero will also keep silent at the trial, when the accusation of treason on the denunciation of the same Shvabrin may cost him his life. After all, to tell for what purpose he went to the fortress to Pugachev meant to involve the commandant's daughter in an unpleasant story. And only Masha's meeting with the empress will help restore justice and justify the hero.

Thus, the next stage when the formation of the personality of Peter Grinev takes place is his love, sincere and unselfish. She turned yesterday's mischievous person into one capable of taking responsibility for another person.

Acquaintance with Pugachev

During the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev showed firmness of character, loyalty to the oath and the empress, courage. Of course, a certain role in the fact that he was not executed along with the rest was played by a hare sheepskin coat, presented by Peter to the leader on the way to the fortress. But the young officer refused to kiss the impostor's hand and swear allegiance to him. It was this moral steadfastness and readiness to accept death for their convictions that determined Pugachev's attitude to Grinev. And also the ability to always speak the truth, sincerity in everything and a feeling of complete inner freedom. This may be the characterization of Pyotr Grinev in the chapters describing his meetings with the impostor. Indeed, the latter did not invite everyone to his table, let them go to all four sides after refusing to go to his service, gave a blessing to marry the daughter of the commandant of a military fortress.

The image of Pyotr Grinev in the story "The Captain's Daughter": conclusions

Thus, in the course of the events described, the character of the protagonist undergoes changes. And several points are important in this process. First, the reasonable decision of the father, who sent his son not to Petersburg, where an idle life and amusement awaited him, but to a remote fortress, which in fact became a place where he pulled a strap and smelled gunpowder. Secondly, the era itself and the important historical event- the uprising led by Pugachev. Only in difficult life situations, as a rule, do true people manifest themselves. V in this case the carefree boy turned into a real man.

Determining the ideological plan of A. Pushkin, it can be noted that the gradual formation of the personality of Pyotr Grinev was supposed to reveal in the hero those traits that every Russian nobleman should have. And the main ones are “two wonderful qualities”: kindness and nobility. It is them that Peter Grinev would like to see in his descendants. This wish of the author of the memoirs, completing the draft version of the story, was excluded when latest edition"The Captain's Daughter".

The very first chapter of the story gives a clear idea of ​​Grinev's life in the parental home.

His father coexisted high ideas about the honor and duty of a nobleman, contempt for careerists and secular young rakes, sincere hospitality, which noted the "people of the old age" and the habits of the serf-owner. Soft, but weak-willed mother; honest and devoted close-minded Savelich; the kind but dissolute Monsieur Beaupré; yard boys - this is Petrusha's environment in childhood. Therefore, it is not surprising that knowledge at the end of the course of home education was limited to the ability to judge the "properties of a greyhound dog", somehow read French and fight with swords. The most incredible confusion reigned in moral concepts. "The height of human well-being," he considered service in the guard, and the greatest happiness - fun life In Petersburg.

It cannot be said that Petrusha fully assimilated his father's views, although, of course, much and most importantly sunk into his soul. No wonder he, albeit in an ironic form, but in the spirit of his youthful views, explains to the Orenburg general the meaning of the saying "Hedgehog mittens." Raised on a rustic expanse, far from secular society, Grinev learned to judge people impartially. He took over from his father some serf habits, but at the same time directness and honesty.

Grinev's independent life, which began from the moment he left his home, is the path of losing many illusions and prejudices, and at the same time enriching him inner peace... The first blow to illusions is dealt by the father, since he decides to send his son to the army. Two sides of the character are revealed in episodes of meetings with Zurin and the "counselor". The dream of a cheerful and carefree life disappears after meeting with Zurin, giving way to shame and remorse, but the meeting with the “counselor” gives an impetus to wake up in Grinev's soul the good that the hero brought from the parental home.

Father's orders:
Let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him smell gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not chamaton.
Serve faithfully to whom you swear.
Take care of your dress again, and honor from your youth.
Petrusha remembered these words for the rest of his life. It is by following these instructions that the hero tries to build his life. But not everything is going as smoothly as we would like.
The hero's independent life begins - this is the path of many illusions, prejudices, and at the same time the enrichment of his inner world. The dream of a fun and carefree life quickly disappears after meeting Zurin, giving way to deep remorse and shame. Grinev scolded Savelich, but Petrusha is tormented by his conscience. In the meantime, a person has a conscience, it allows him to become better. The next morning he asks Savelich for forgiveness, repents.
Grinev's life path is the path of honor, conscience, truth. Despite the mistakes of the hero of the story, before us, the readers, the image of an honest, kind, courageous person, capable of great feeling, faithful love, living by conscience, grows up. These qualities are fundamental, and they make him so attractive.

Life of parsley in the parental home (description)

• The author of the story shows how the boy grew up in an environment typical of
  landlord families of that time. His mentors were a yard man
  Savelich and the French hairdresser Beaupre, posing as a teacher.
  Even before he was born, he "was enrolled in the Semyonovsky regiment as a sergeant." Clear,
  that in the conditions in which the young man was brought up, he could not receive
  very deep and thorough education. He “learned Russian
  literacy and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog. " Insofar as
  one of his mentors was French, of course, Peter in certain
  he studied the native language of his teacher. He lived in his parents' house
  carefree, not in the habit of seriously thinking about any
  problems, and even more so to solve important life questions: “I lived
  a small man, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the courtyard boys. "
  The father suddenly decides that it is time to change his son's idle lifestyle -
  it's time to go to work. The young man is delighted, he already anticipates
  life in St. Petersburg, full of fun and pleasure. However, the father understands
  that for the personal development of his son the idle life of a guard officer
  will give nothing: “What will he learn by serving in St. Petersburg? wind yes
  hang out? No, let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him be
  a soldier, not a shamaton. " So all the young man's brilliant hopes
  rushatsya: instead of Petersburg, he goes to Orenburg, and from there he
  sent to the Belogorsk fortress. All this causes despondency in the soul of a young man:
  "... what did it serve me that even in the womb I was already a guard
  sergeant! Where did it take me? In the *** regiment and in a remote fortress on
  the border of the Kyrgyz-Kaisak steppes! .. "
  however, the will of the father for Peter, like
  for most young people of that time - the law; you can't be with her
  argue, she can only submit to meekly. Father before parting
  advises his son; in the few words he said, there is a huge
  meaning, he briefly but succinctly talks about what honor is
  nobleman. Despite his youth and characteristic of this age
  frivolity, the young man will forever remember the words of his father and will not change him
  covenants: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; for their
  do not chase with caress; do not ask for service; from the service not
  make an excuse; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, and honor from your youth. "

  In his story "The Captain's Daughter" Pushkin showed how gradually
  the personality of his hero is transformed. From nature, it contains a lot
  worthy qualities, but they achieve true disclosure only in
  trials of life, and we see how a frivolous young man, almost
  boy, becomes a man, a mature man, capable of taking responsibility for
  their actions.
  

• The very first chapter of the story gives a clear idea of ​​Grinev's life in the parental home.

  His father coexisted high ideas about the honor and duty of a nobleman, contempt for careerists and secular young rakes, sincere hospitality, which noted the "people of the old age" and the habits of the serf-owner. Soft, but weak-willed mother; honest and devoted close-minded Savelich; the kind but dissolute Monsieur Beaupré; yard boys - this is Petrusha's environment in childhood. Therefore, it is not surprising that knowledge at the end of the course of home education was limited to the ability to judge the "properties of a greyhound dog", somehow read French and fight with swords. The most incredible confusion reigned in moral concepts. "The height of human well-being," he considered service in the Guards, and the greatest happiness was the joyful life in St. Petersburg.

  It cannot be said that Petrusha fully assimilated his father's views, although, of course, much and most importantly sunk into his soul. No wonder he, albeit in an ironic form, but in the spirit of his youthful views, explains to the Orenburg general the meaning of the saying "Hedgehog mittens." Growing up in the countryside, far from secular society, Grinev learned to judge people with an open mind. He took over from his father some serf habits, but at the same time directness and honesty.

  Grinev's independent life, which began from the moment he left his home, is the path of losing many illusions and prejudices, and at the same time enriching his inner world. The first blow to illusions is dealt by the father, since he decides to send his son to the army. Two sides of the character are revealed in episodes of meetings with Zurin and the "counselor". The dream of a cheerful and carefree life disappears after meeting with Zurin, giving way to shame and remorse, but the meeting with the “counselor” gives an impetus to wake up in Grinev's soul the good that the hero brought from the parental home.

  Father's orders:
  Let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him smell gunpowder, let him be a soldier, not chamaton.
  Serve faithfully to whom you swear.
  Take care of your dress again, and honor from your youth.
  Petrusha remembered these words for the rest of his life. It is by following these instructions that the hero tries to build his life. But not everything is going as smoothly as we would like.
  The hero's independent life begins - this is the path of many illusions, prejudices, and at the same time the enrichment of his inner world. The dream of a fun and carefree life quickly disappears after meeting Zurin, giving way to deep remorse and shame. Grinev scolded Savelich, but Petrusha is tormented by his conscience. In the meantime, a person has a conscience, it allows him to become better. The next morning he asks Savelich for forgiveness, repents.
  Grinev's life path is the path of honor, conscience, truth. Despite the mistakes of the hero of the story, before us, the readers, the image of an honest, kind, courageous person, capable of great feeling, faithful love, living by conscience, grows up. These qualities are fundamental, and they make him so attractive.
  Well, if it's Grinev ?!

Some of the central characters in the story "The Captain's Daughter" are Grinev's parents: father Andrei Petrovich, retired prime-major, who in his youth served under Count Minich (a military leader who became famous in the wars with Turkey), and mother Avdotya Vasilievna, the daughter of a poor nobleman. Simbirsk landowners, owners of 300 souls.

Both are representatives of the most intelligent part of society, people at that time are quite educated and cultured. Father's favorite pastime is reading the Court Calendar and commenting on what he read. The mother, who had lived with her father for many years, "who knew by heart all his habits and customs," tried to hide the calendar somewhere far away. News about some former sergeant, and now a general and a medal bearer, invariably spoiled Andrei Petrovich's mood, and he plunged into "a thoughtfulness that did not bode well." Thus, Avdotya Vasilievna protected the good mood of her husband.

An unshakable patriarchal order reigned in the family. The word of the head of the family was the law, the household strictly followed the orders. Mom was fond of handicrafts, "silently knitting a woolen sweatshirt", cooked Russian cuisine, made jam. She affectionately called her beloved son, the only survivor, Petrusha. The boy grew up in an atmosphere of love and care. He was taken care of by the former striving Savelich, a man deeply devoted to the whole family, literate, intelligent, teetotal. At one time, Monsieur Beaupre, who was discharged from Moscow, a former barber, was involved in the upbringing of Pyotr Grinev, but Grinev's father himself later considered this act to be erroneous.

Grinev Sr. wanted to see his son as a real officer, a warrior. He changes the "registration point" to the Semyonovsky regiment, stationed in St. Petersburg, and sends the young man into the wilderness to "smell gunpowder." "Let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap ..." tender love mothers, closeness to nature, communication with fair and sensible Arkhip Savelich. At the request of the priest, Grinev's upbringing involved instilling in him high moral and volitional qualities and almost did not concern the development of sciences.

Throughout the story, parents will more than once significantly affect the behavior and attitude of their son. So, upon learning that Peter participated in a duel, his father will very seriously reprimand him. When the need arises, the Simbirsk landowners will accept Masha, who was left homeless after the capture of the fortress. And they will do it “with that sincere cordiality that distinguished the people of the old century. They saw the grace of God in the fact that they had the opportunity to shelter and caress a poor orphan. "

The last pages show how hard the Grinyov family, sincere in their devotion to the empress, survived the misfortune, how the terrible news of the father and mother crippled them. "This unexpected blow almost killed my father ..." Shame and disgrace to our kind! " And mother, as always, striving to neutralize attacks of melancholy and despair, “did not dare to cry in front of him and tried to restore his courage, speaking about the infidelity of the rumor.” Of course, the parents did not believe the slander, they knew their son better. For the Grinyovs, sacrificing honor is unthinkable.

Peter's invisible connection with his stepfather's house, especially its spiritual, emotional and sensual component, is strong, inseparable, reliable. The son does everything not to shame the names, to be a worthy heir to the carefully kept family traditions and a person respected in society. He is fully successful in this.

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