Elena Lyabina
"Apply together." Tips for parents

Tips for parents

Are you curious to know why children love to cut, glue, fantasize so much?

It turns out that it is at preschool age that imagination and thinking develop rapidly in children, the baby actively learns the world through their practice. Therefore, it is necessary for preschoolers to provide conditions for action with various materials and tools (paper, fabric, natural material, waste material, cardboard, brush, scissors, glue, etc.). You can do the application with the child.

Application classes are not only interesting entertainment, but also useful exercises for the development of fine motor skills, coordination of movements, creativity child. Such creative activity allows the child to express his feelings, emotions, visual perception of the world around him. When composing an application, the child tries to convey the image he has seen through the cut out figures. By doing applique with your child, you will help him in mastering colors and their shades, geometric shapes, sizes, spatial orientation and much more. And, of course, making objects or compositions from paper, fabric, natural materials, working with scissors and glue will bring a lot of joy to children.

There are several types of applications. A simpler view is subject application. This type of artistic activity implies that the child will make up an image of an object, for example, a snowman from three circles of different sizes or a star, a flower, etc.

Story application- This is a more complex type of artistic activity. The difficulty lies in the fact that the work must carry a certain plot. This may be a plot from a fairy tale, for example, where people and animals are depicted for some action. While doing plot application, the child must mentally hold the image and try to reproduce it on paper. Such activities are very useful for the development of your child.

Decorative appliqué- making patterns from various elements to decorate an object, for example, a vase, a sweater, etc.

But in order to make an application, only a flight of fancy is not enough. The child needs to be able to cut shapes out of paper, as well as use a brush and glue. In addition, a fair amount of patience is still needed in order to bring the conceived image to the end.

Children learn to work with scissors, cut out the necessary details for the image gradually. Mastering one or another cutting technique is a long process that requires repeated repetitions and exercises. Learning to use scissors and cutting techniques will be easier and more successful if you help your child learn how to properly hold and use scissors.

Before you start applique with a child, you should know that:

Scissors should be: comfortable, light, with blunt ends, not tight, moderately sharp. You can pick up scissors with large rings, where both your fingers and the fingers of the child would fit at the same time. Put the scissors in the child's hand, grab yourself from above - and cut together. Soon the action will be mastered.

Glue with a brush. For the smallest, it is better to brew starch - the safest type of glue. Children aged 2 years and older can use PVA glue. It is good because it is easy to wash, leaves almost no stains and glues firmly.

Glue sticks can be used with children 3-4 years old: kids

learn to work with them quickly and easily, the “work” is obtained

more accurate, the glue does not spill, does not leak, does not leave stains.

Craft material can be:

Colored paper (plain, glossy, velvet, "marble", self-adhesive, etc.);

Old illustrated magazines;

Pieces of fabric, leather, fur, cotton wool;

Colored threads, yarn scraps, buttons (neatly sewn to the cardboard by adults);

Cereals, small pasta, vermicelli;

Foil, adhesive tape, polyethylene trim;

Dry branches, needles, leaves, herbs, flowers, straws, orange peels, eggshells, etc.

Discuss with your child how to use scissors:

1. Scissors are NOT toys, scissors are tools. They are sharp and dangerous. If you do not use them correctly, you can get hurt.

2. DO NOT: wave scissors, throw them, take them without the permission of adults, walk or run with them.

3. Pass the scissors only closed: rings forward, taking the closed blades.

4. You need to work with scissors while sitting at the table.

5. Each time after finishing work, the scissors are put back in place.

Fantasize! Create! We wish you good luck!

Advice on the topic:

"Application,

as a means of developing the creative abilities of children preschool age»

Visual activity is of great importance in solving the problems of aesthetic education, since by its nature it is artistic activity. The specificity of fine arts classes provides ample opportunities for the knowledge of beauty, for the development of an emotional and aesthetic attitude to reality in children.

Every kind visual activity, in addition to the general aesthetic influence, has its own specific effect on the child. The application is of great importance for the education and upbringing of preschool children. It contributes to the formation and development of many personal qualities of the individual, his mental and aesthetic capabilities.

Application (from lat. applicatio - application) - the creation of artistic images by gluing, sewing multi-colored pieces of any material onto fabric or paper; image, pattern created in this way.
For the application, you can use the most different materials: paper, cloth, thread, shells and pebbles, and even the most ordinary cereals.
Application is one of the most favorite activities for children. Toddlers like to cut something out of paper or fabric, glue, paint, and eventually get a hand-made creation.
Previously, it was believed that the application is not available for children of the second or third year of life. This activity involves working with small planar images and forms, mastering the ability to compose a whole image from parts, mastering the skills of smearing, gluing, etc. The activity, in general, is really not easy. But difficult does not mean useless. Scientists have investigated the optimal opportunities for children in the first years of life. The results of observations and experiments convincingly prove that exercises with ready-made planar forms and images provide a qualitative leap in the versatile development of the child. It has been established that children of this age have unique abilities. By means of specially directed influences it is possible to achieve very high level development and earlier formation of a particular brain function.
Any creative activity, in particular application, is of great importance for the mental development of children, the stock of knowledge is expanding based on ideas about various forms and the spatial position of objects of the surrounding world, various sizes, a variety of shades of colors.
When making an appliqué product, it is important to pay the attention of children to the variability of shapes, colors (ripe - not ripe berries, plants in different time years), different spatial positions of objects and parts (a bird sits, flies, pecks grains; a fish swims in different directions, etc.).
Being engaged in the application, children learn different materials (paper, cereals, clay, shells, etc.), get acquainted with their properties, expressive possibilities, acquire skills in working with them. Children also learn the experience of working with some tools of human activity (pencil, glue, brush, paint, scissors). All of these actions contribute mental development children.
To create an application, it is necessary to apply efforts, carry out labor actions, master the skills of sculpting, cutting, drawing an object of one shape or another or another structure, as well as mastering the skills of handling scissors, a pencil and a brush, glue and plasticine. Proper possession of these materials and tools requires a certain expenditure of physical strength and labor skills. The assimilation of skills and abilities is associated with the development of such volitional qualities of a person as attention, perseverance, endurance. Children are taught the ability to work, to achieve the desired result.

So, applique:

Develops artistic imagination and aesthetic taste.

Develops constructive thinking - often, during work, the child needs to assemble the whole from parts.

Develops fine motor skills and tactile sensations, especially if other materials are used in addition to paper: fabric, cereals, dried flowers, straws.

Helps to learn colors and shapes.

Introduces children to the concept of technology: in order to get a result, it is necessary to perform a sequence of various actions: cut out details, grease paper with glue, sprinkle cereals, smear plasticine, and the like.

According to the theme of the image, the application is divided into subject, plot, landscape and decorative. (The application can be subject, consisting of individual images (leaf, branch, tree, mushroom, flower, bird, house, person, etc.); a set of actions, events (“Salute of Victory”, “Flight into space”, “Birds have arrived”, etc.); decorative, including ornaments, patterns that can decorate various objects.)

The shape of the application is voluminous and flat.
By color - single-color and multi-color.
A variety of materials are used for its manufacture: paper; fabrics of various textures (cotton, silk, velvet, cords); leather, fur, foam rubber, natural and waste materials etc.

The following general tasks are solved in application training:

Compose a decorative pattern from various geometric shapes and plant (leaf, flower) details, placing them in a certain rhythm on a cardboard or fabric base of various shapes.

Compose an image of an object from separate parts; portray the story.

master various equipment obtaining details for appliqué from different materials: cutting different methods, breaking, weaving; as well as the technique of attaching them to the base: gluing, sewing.

To form a sense of color, to know the primary colors and their shades, to master the ability to make harmonious color combinations.

To form a sense of form, proportion, composition.

Introduction to the application begins with the first junior group. The teacher is guided by a well-known feature of children: at the age of 2-3 years, healthy kids have a pronounced emotional response to the offer to do something, to participate in something, the child shows a willingness to act. And the main task of an adult is to support this activity, not to let it die out, to give it a creative character. This favorable period of childhood for the development of children's activity and independence should not be missed. The tasks solved at this age are elementary:

To teach actions with paper (tear off, crumple, roll up, cut off), help children see in paper a material that can be transformed and has its own properties and qualities: soft, dense, smooth, rough,
glossy, matte, paper different color, wrinkled, torn, cut, rustling in different ways.

Give kids an idea of necessary tools and equipment for application: scissors, brush, glue, oilcloth, etc.

To develop emotional responsiveness to an adult's offer to do something, a willingness to participate with him in the creation of elementary art crafts.

To develop interest, an emotionally positive attitude to elementary actions with paper, the desire to independently perform them.

Develop aesthetic perception and feelings: recognize the resulting image, admire, rejoice "following" adults.

The content of works at this age is peculiar: semi-volume (made of paper lumps, balls) and “mosaic” (made of pieces) subject application, which depicts the simplest objects: colored balls, a branch with rowan berries, cherries, a branch of mimosa, lilac, various vegetables , fruits, animal figurines, etc. These works, made on a colored background and framed, delight children with their brightness and can find practical use for decorating the interior of a doll's corner, a group, a preschool, a children's room in a family, etc.

Performing separate actions together with the teacher making the application, the children get the first idea about it as a way of depicting it with the help of paper, transformed by hand or using a tool - scissors.

Mastering specific actions with material, tools, objects in early age occurs through communication with an adult. Only he can convey to the child information about the functions of objects, tools, show the methods of using material, etc. in joint activities with him.

The teacher includes a separate action of children to transform the material into a holistic process of creating crafts. This action (crumpling paper into a ball, rolling into a ball, etc.), which gives an intermediate result, acquires practical meaning for the child.

The actions of children with paper are gradually becoming more complicated.

The first manual productive actions jointly with an adult, included in the context of creating a certain “product”, emotionally prepare the child for systematic and more meaningful participation in the application. The first attempts to transform the material do not require children to clearly perceive the shape, color; they do not yet participate in the conception of the image, but already in the fourth year of life, more complex tasks can be set in the application:

To teach children to make patterns from geometric shapes on a strip, square, rectangle, isosceles triangle.

To teach preschoolers to make simple objects from ready-made forms (herringbone, house, snowman, etc.), and elementary plots from familiar objects (a train with a trailer, a house with a Christmas tree, etc.).

Teach the children to hold the scissors correctly, cut narrow strips along the fold (bent in half), and then wider ones (a few strokes of the scissors).

To teach the technique of spreading paper parts with glue: “outlining” its edges with a brush with glue along the contour.

To form in children a conscious attitude to the order in which the work is done: first lay out the pattern (object, plot) on a sheet, and then take and paste each detail in turn.

To nurture artistic taste in preschoolers.

V middle groups more complex tasks are solved:

Learn to cut out details for appliqué from different materials (paper, fabric) simple ways- cut, cut, cut along the contour.

Involve children in creating applications from dry leaves, adjust the methods of gluing leaves to the base.

Enrich the content of applications by providing children with a wider acquaintance with the natural world, folk art, etc., as well as a variety of details used (not only geometric shapes, but also plant).

To teach children to place parts on rounded shapes: oval, circle, rosette.

In the middle preschool age, the child’s hand acts more firmly and more confidently, therefore more difficult ways cuttings; children themselves can make such details as an oval, a circle, rounding the corners of rectangles; cutting corners in a straight line, make a trapezoid; cut the squares diagonally to get triangles. Children of this age can be given stencils to cut out the details of the subject matter (fungus, flower, etc.). Experience shows that children who have worked with a stencil and cut out details along the contour, later master symmetrical and silhouette cutting and cutting “by eye” more easily.

If children master scissors early, then by the end of middle age they can cut out details in all the above ways from fabric, and as a result, applique from fabric is possible. For the base, burlap, drape, cotton dyed fabric are used. You can make patterns on it both by alternating parts of different colors and shapes, and by creating compositions from elements of national ornaments different peoples, you can create a subject or elementary plot application. But unlike similar paper products application on fabric is more durable and versatile in use (napkin, towel, carpet, tablecloth).

Children of four or five years old can be taught applications from dry plant leaves: make a pattern, alternating leaves in shape, size, color and arranging them symmetrically on a cardboard base of different geometric shapes: a strip, a square, etc. You can’t smear the sheet with glue, like a detail from paper or fabric, moving the brush along the contour - the sheet will begin to crumble. It is smeared with a movement of the brush from the index finger of the left hand to the edges of the sheet.

To convey the image, children are provided with other materials: pencils, thin twigs, seeds. For example, when making a butterfly appliqué, the abdomen can be made not only from a leaf, but also drawn, glued on a thin twig; for eyes, use small seeds or draw too.

At older preschool age, children master a more complex cutting technique - symmetrical, silhouette, multilayer, as well as the technique of cutting, weaving. They can combine techniques.

Preschoolers are learning new ways to attach parts: sewing them to fabric. In this case, children receive two options for the image: planar and semi-volumetric (when cotton wool is placed between the base and the part). In the second case, the image is more expressive.

Here are some non-traditional appliqué techniques you can use with children.

Non-traditional application techniques:

Breakaway application

This method is good for conveying the texture of the image (fluffy chicken, curly cloud). In this case, we tear the paper into pieces and make an image out of them. Children 5-7 years old can complicate the technique: not just tear pieces of paper, as it turns out, but pluck or cut off the outline drawing. Breakaway applique is very useful for developing fine motor skills and creative thinking.

overhead application

This technique allows you to get a multi-color image. We conceive the image and consistently create it, overlaying and gluing the details in layers so that each next detail is smaller than the previous one in size.

Modular application (mosaic)

With this technique, the image is obtained by gluing many identical shapes. As a basis for a modular application, cut out circles, squares, triangles, or simply torn pieces of paper can be used.

Symmetrical appliqué

For symmetrical images, we fold the blank - a square or rectangle of paper of the desired size - in half, hold it by the fold, cut out half of the image.

Tape applique

This method allows you to get not one or two, but many identical images, separate or interconnected. To make a ribbon applique, you need to take a wide sheet of paper, fold it like an accordion and cut out the image.

Silhouette application

This method is available to children who are good with scissors. They will be able to cut complex silhouettes along a drawn or imaginary outline.

quilling

Quilling (English quilling - from the word quill (bird feather), also paper rolling), is the art of making flat or voluminous compositions from long and narrow strips of paper twisted into spirals.

Collage

Collage (from French collage - gluing) is a technical technique in the visual arts, which consists in creating paintings or graphic works by gluing objects and materials that differ from the base in color and texture onto a base. A collage is also called a work entirely made in this technique. Collage is used mainly to obtain the effect of surprise from the combination of dissimilar materials, as well as for the emotional richness and sharpness of the work.

Origami

Origami (from Japanese folded paper) - a type of arts and crafts; the ancient art of paper folding. Classical origami is folded from a square sheet of paper and prescribes the use of one sheet of paper without the use of glue and scissors.

Napkin application

Napkins - very interesting material for children's creativity. You can make different crafts from them. This type of creativity has a number of advantages:

the ability to create masterpieces without scissors;

development of fine motor skills of small hands;

development of tactile perception, using paper of various textures;

wide opportunities for creativity.

corrugated paper

Corrugated paper is one type of so-called ornamental paper. Compared to ordinary paper, it appeared relatively recently. It is very soft, delicate and pleasant to the touch. The children love the gorgeous colors and enjoy working with it in their art classes. It is an excellent decorative and craft material, allowing you to create decorations, colorful toys, original garlands and magnificent bouquets, costumes, which can be a great gift for the holiday.

Fabric appliqué

Fabric appliqué is a type of embroidery. Appliqué embroidery consists in reinforcing pieces of another fabric on a certain background of fabric. Fabric applications are reinforced either by sewing or gluing. Fabric appliqué can be subject, plot and decorative; one-color, two-color and multi-color. Making appliqué from fabric requires certain skills. Firstly, one must be able to cut fabric (fabric is more difficult to cut than paper); secondly, the edges of the fabric can crumble and complicate the work.

Application from cereals

For young children it is useful to develop fine motor skills. Touching objects with your fingers, learning to make plucked movements, of course, is important. But for children, aged older than a year It is interesting to see the result of your work immediately. The application of cereals becomes the most attractive for them in this regard. With cereals, you can create different crafts with kids. To do this, semolina, rice, millet are painted in various colors using gouache and water.

Straw appliqué

Straw appliqués are extraordinarily attractive: they shimmer with gold. This happens because the straw has a glossy surface and longitudinally arranged fibers. These fibers reflect light as much as possible only in a certain position. Composed of shapes at different angles in relation to the light. The application conveys a unique game: it shines like gold. These can be paintings, ornamental stripes, bookmarks for books, caskets, frames.

Application of dried plants

At present, the application of flowers, grass, leaves - the so-called floristry - has gained wide popularity. Work with the natural material is quite accessible to students and preschool children. Fascinating, interesting and useful communication with nature. It develops creativity, thinking, observation, diligence. Classes with natural material contribute to the education in children of love for their native nature, respect for it. They are also useful because the collection and preparation of natural material takes place in the air.

Creating beautiful applications with their own hands, seeing the result of their work, children experience positive emotions. Working with paper and other materials gives them the opportunity to show patience, perseverance, imagination and taste. It is pleasant for children to decorate a group room with their works, to give them to their parents and friends.

My daughter and I started using glue at about 1 year and 4 months. What she liked most was putting glue on paper and picking it with her finger. Well, for her it was an object for study, something new and unknown. After studying, we just washed our hands together, because. everything stuck to them, and Anyutka did not like it.

How to teach a child to work with glue?

First, use your example to show how to apply glue to a figurine, take it, turn it over, put it on the picture and clap. As a rule, children like to slap the most.

When performing the first applications, give the baby the opportunity to play enough with glue. It's better for this use double sided colored paper or glossy magazines. In this case, you and the child will not have to keep track of which side to apply glue to. He will do as he pleases, enjoying the process.

Cut out large pieces. The figurines will stick to your fingers and it will be difficult to turn them over. When the child applies the glue, help him hold the figure, make sure that he moves his hand parallel to the work surface.

If the baby is unable to apply glue to the figures, or he simply does not like it, apply PVA glue to the base, and offer the child to arrange the figures as he likes and press them with his fingers or palm.

Remember that for the crumbs the result is not important. For him, creativity is a process that brings pleasure.

Ideas for applications with kids

1. Abstract appliqué or simple paintings

Cut different shapes from colored double-sided paper and show how to stick them on cardboard or landscape sheet.

From different geometric shapes, you can create a beautiful abstract picture.

You can beat her by offering to make a “blanket” for your favorite doll, or a road for a car strewn with colorful stones.

So gluing will be much more fun and interesting.

If you take colored cardboard as a basis, you will get simple pictures:

• Flower meadow (base - green cardboard, on which flowers cut out of colored paper are glued);
• Starry sky (base - dark blue / black cardboard, figures - large and small stars, planets, rockets).
• Snowfall (base - blue cardboard, figures - white circles, snowflakes)

2 . Application - collage

Cut out pictures from old magazines, newspapers, postcards, boxes baby food. For the base, take white cardboard or a thick sheet of paper. Show your child how to apply glue and flip the picture. Decide together on which side to apply the adhesive.

Give the kid the opportunity to stick the pictures the way he wants, you can even one on top of the other, and then compose a fairy tale for him based on the resulting picture. Trust me, your child will be delighted.

By the way, if your child is good with a brush, you can use PVA instead of pencil glue. Pour the glue into a small container (you can use bottle caps or a plate from a set of children's dishes).

3. Application on the workpiece

Instead of a regular sheet of paper, you can invite your child to decorate a pre-prepared base, such as a butterfly.

Cut out a butterfly from cardboard or a thick sheet of paper, cut circles, ovals, squares and triangles from double-sided colored paper. Invite your child to stick them on a butterfly and make its wings bright and beautiful.

Glue can be applied both on the figures and directly on the base. Do what is comfortable for the child. Anyuta likes to smear glue directly on the base, and then apply jewelry there.

Ideas for blanks for applications:

• aquarium - the kid will populate it with fish and draw algae;
• a plate on which sweets are glued;
• herringbone - you can dress up with balls, toys, and even tinsel made of thread;
• apple tree - glue yellow, red or green apples to it;
• giraffe, zebra - cut a large size, and the baby will glue spots or stripes.
• a hedgehog that carries apples and mushrooms.

4. Ready-made applications

I buy for Anyutka books "Applique for kids" (they are A5 format).

Each book contains 4-5 applications, consisting of a black and white outline of a fairy-tale hero or animal and colored details (3-4 parts). The price of this book is only 10 rubles.

How does the application develop the child?

Application is one of the most favorite activities for children. Children like to cut something out of paper or fabric, glue, paint and, as a result, get a creation made by their own hands. How much joy in childhood brought us the production of postcards for the holidays for parents. You can make an application with children of any age. Any creative activity, in particular application, is of great importance for the mental development of children, the stock of knowledge is expanding based on ideas about the various forms and spatial position of objects in the world around them, various sizes, and a variety of shades of colors. When making an appliqué product, it is important to pay attention to the variability of shapes, colors (ripe - not ripe berries, plants at different times of the year), different spatial positions of objects and parts (a bird sits, flies, pecks grains; a fish swims in different directions, etc. .).
Being engaged in the application, children learn different materials (paper, paints, clay, crayons, etc.), get acquainted with their properties, expressive possibilities, acquire skills in working with them. Children also learn the experience of working with some tools of human activity (pencil, brush, scissors). All these activities contribute to the mental development of children.

To create an application, it is necessary to apply efforts, carry out labor actions, master the skills of sculpting, carving, drawing an object of one shape or another or another structure, as well as mastering the skills of handling scissors, pencil and brush, clay and plasticine. Proper possession of these materials and tools requires a certain expenditure of physical strength and labor skills. The assimilation of skills and abilities is associated with the development of such volitional qualities of a person as attention, perseverance, endurance. Children are taught the ability to work, to achieve the desired result.

The most important thing is to ensure safety during the process. Prepare your workspace. Cover the table with oilcloth, lay out all the material so that you do not have to be distracted. Put your child in work clothes. Do not rush to do everything for the child. From the very beginning, teach your child to be clean, let him help you prepare the table for the application and clean it up after work.
What material can be useful for the application? Yes, whatever. Paper, (color and white, glossy, velvet, "marble", self-adhesive, etc.); plasticine; paints; glue; Scotch; pencils; beads; old magazines; pieces of fabric; templates for various items; cotton wool; wrappers; candy wrappers; labels; purchase packages; disposable paper plates; pieces of fabric, leather, fur; colored threads, yarn scraps, buttons (neatly sewn to the cardboard by mom); cereals, small pasta, vermicelli; foil, adhesive tape, polyethylene trim; dry branches, needles, leaves, herbs, flowers, straws, orange peels; sawdust from pencils.
What to prepare for work.
Scissors. Suitable in size to the child's handle, light, with blunt ends, not tight, moderately sharp.
The basis is sheets of paper or cardboard (colored or white). Any size and format, thickness or texture, a wide variety of configurations. For example, you can use the same cardboard boxes. In addition, you can make voluminous crafts from colored paper, for which a base is not required.
Glue: - with a brush. With 3-4-year-olds, we have very successfully adapted to making applications with glue sticks: children learn to work with them quickly and easily, the "work" is more accurate, the glue does not spill, does not leak, does not leave stains. There is only one drawback - such applications are less durable, after drying, the parts may fall off (however, this depends on the quality of the adhesive stick).
For the first lessons, use simple tasks. Take a white piece of paper. From colored paper, cut out a square, a triangle and a rectangle. Glue these shapes, forming a house with a pipe out of them, you can cut out the sun and clouds and also stick them on. You can draw a door on the house, and smoke from the chimney. Believe me, this is not difficult work will bring a lot of positive emotions to your baby. Give this picture to your dad or grandma.
An older child can be given freedom of action, or more complex applications can be offered, using many options. Make a picture of cereals and pasta. Spread cardboard with glue and sprinkle with cereals and pasta. Then color the product. Thus, you can make a frame for a photo. Fantasy with your child.

What does the application give the child?

Did you know that the application:

Develops artistic imagination and aesthetic taste;
- develops design thinking - to assemble the whole from parts;
- develops motor skills and tactile sensations, especially if other materials are used in addition to paper - fabric, cereals, dried flowers, straws;
- helps to learn colors and shapes;
- introduces the concept of "technology" - to get the result, you need to perform a sequence of different actions: cut out the details, grease the paper with glue, sprinkle the cereal, smear the plasticine?
And how often do you do applications with your child? Probably less than you draw. Just because it’s easier to draw - they took paints, took a brush ... But you need to prepare for the application in advance - prepare paper, come up with a plot ... In fact, it’s very easy to make an application. You can prepare for it in a couple of minutes and even during the lesson.

What is molding for?

modeling- a very important activity for a child, which develops creativity, fine motor skills of hands, spatial thinking, the concept of color, shape of objects. In addition, modeling (and not necessarily from plasticine) has a beneficial effect on the nervous system as a whole. In general, the benefits of sculpting are enormous.

How to start modeling from plasticine?

First, remember that during modeling you will have to be close to the child, and not only as a “supervisor” (so that he does not eat plasticine), but also as a creator (sculpt yourself, along with the child).

Secondly, do not overdo it with the complexity of tasks for your baby, do not demand too much from him. Remember that the child is only getting acquainted with the properties of plasticine, studying them and experimenting with modeling techniques.

What can a child of two or three years old do with plasticine?

Pinch off a piece of plasticine from a large piece;

· roll out a lump of plasticine between the palms with direct movements (sausages, sticks);

· roll out a lump of plasticine between the palms in a circular motion(ball, apple);

· flatten a lump between the palms (cookies, cakes);

· make a depression with your finger in the middle of a flattened lump (bowl, saucer);

· combine two fashioned forms into one object: a stick and a ball (rattle), etc.

Modeling lessons with kids from one and a half years old are based on these actions. Develop these skills, expand and improve them.

How and what to sculpt from plasticine with a baby

Color selection . Start by choosing the color of plasticine: invite the baby to choose, for example, from two colors (you should not offer the whole box of plasticine at once, otherwise the baby will simply “run up his eyes”). The main thing is that the child is attracted, not repelled, so do not choose for the child yourself - your preferences may differ greatly.

Warm up . Knead the plasticine with your hands: let the child knead his bar, and you knead yours. After the "warm-up" you can proceed directly to sculpting.

Basic actions:
Show your child how to knead plasticine, pinch off a piece from it, make a cake out of it ... In general, follow the basic steps described above. For the first lesson, performing the simplest manipulations will be enough to interest the child.

Pieces
Plucking pieces of plasticine is one of the favorite activities of kids. Direct this lesson in the right direction - stick the pieces on thick cardboard or just on a piece of paper. A more complicated version of this task: stick pieces of plasticine “with meaning”: “dress up” a drawn Christmas tree, hang apples on painted apple trees, etc.

"Sausages" and "balls"
The resulting "sausage" can be rolled into a ring or into a snake. And small balls can be crushed with your fingers.

imprints
One of the most exciting activities for kids - to make prints on plasticine with something. You roll out a plasticine cake, and the baby pokes at it with everything you can (or rather, everything that you offer him): a toy fork, a cap from a felt-tip pen, his own finger, a spoon.

Sticking
Invite your child to wrap plasticine around a glass or any other container, which can then be decorated with beads or any other material - you will get a great vase. For younger kids, you can cut out patterns of different figures and stick plasticine on them.

Plasticine and other materials

In modeling from plasticine, you can (and should!) Use other materials: peas, beans, buckwheat, pasta different shapes and colors, buttons, etc. Roll out cakes from plasticine and invite the child to stick small objects on them (this is very useful for developing fine motor skills of a child's hand). Make sure that all these wonderful items go into the plasticine, and not into your mouth.

FOLK DOLL

A doll meant a lot in people's lives - with the help of dolls it was fashionable to teach children, protect loved ones, guess, go through age initiations, protect your home and attract prosperity and happiness to it. Dolls accompanied a person through life, starting from infancy, when the baby was allowed to play. doll - cabbage or feeder, as it was called differently in different areas. Such a doll was made from identical square pieces of clean rags and was completely safe for the child. She served him at the same time as a pacifier, a toy and a talisman.

I would like to note that traditional dolls usually did not draw faces. It was believed that if this was done, then an alien spirit could move into the doll. And so, without a face, she simply conveyed through herself what the person who made her put into her, a piece of his soul, good wishes, heat.
One of the important things in the house was mistress doll.

It was made according to the principle of a column, which got its name for the basis - a column tightly rolled from fabric. The column - the hostess was not put away in the chest, she stood in a conspicuous place and made sure that everything was fine in the house. If something was not right, the husband could express it to the doll in a joking manner, so that his wife would hear. This doll was also a kind of psychological lightning rod in the house, helping not to accumulate restraint, and at the same time not to hurt a loved one, expressing his displeasure to him.

They also gave special wedding dolls for the wedding - they were called one-handed or lovebirds.

These are male and female dolls, which at first glance seem to be just a couple holding hands. But, if you look closely, you can see that they have one hand made of their whole rag or stick. Such a hand was considered a symbol of their unity and the fact that all things from the moment of the wedding they became common. If suddenly the couple got divorced, or parted for some reason, then these dolls were also separated.

They hung over the threshold of the house coaster doll

She was turned to face those entering the house, and it was believed that she could protect the house from an evil spirit and the evil eye.

Made by mistresses in the house and many-armed ten-handled doll.

The Ten-handed doll helped a girl or a young woman (a girl who recently got married) in the household. Such a doll was often given as a wedding present so that the woman could do everything, and everything went well with her.

stonefly

Charm doll"Vesnyanka" in Russia was made by young girls when spring came, and they gave these dolls to each other. The doll has a cheerful and perky character. Traditionally, she bright hair unusual color.
Vesnyanka - a doll amulet of youth and beauty. By giving this doll, you wish the addressee long youth and attractiveness, optimism and cheerfulness.

Lucky doll.

This baby with a large scythe fits easily even on a small palm. Not much is known about the happiness doll. Similar pupae were found at the excavations of ancient Rzhev. And they got the name for their long braid- symbol female beauty, which the groom bought at the wedding, receiving a ransom for the one he could make happy.

As you can see, traditional dolls are a whole world inhabited by very interesting tenants who carry magic and centuries-old wisdom.