Pregnant women and women planning to become pregnant often ask their doctors whether chickenpox is dangerous during pregnancy. If a woman does not have a history of childhood chickenpox, then when planning conception, she should think about how to prevent infection with an infectious disease during the period of gestation.

However, even if the woman has had chickenpox, additional protection will not hurt. It is believed that a person who has had this disease once develops a specific immunity that protects against this type of virus all his life. This opinion in last years is increasingly questioned by the increased relapse of chickenpox in adulthood. This is due to the fact that the virus undergoes mutations, adapts to new types of drugs, changing its characteristics. Therefore, one cannot be 100% sure that the disease will not return.

According to medical statistics, chickenpox during pregnancy occurs in one woman out of 2000. Every second of the sick has already had chickenpox in early age... The risk increases when there are older children in the family. Pregnancy and chickenpox in an older child is a dangerous combination, because the risk of infection remains even for those who have antibodies to the virus. If in childhood a pregnant woman did not suffer this disease, then infection after contact with a patient occurs in 100% of cases, in this respect the virus can be called unique. If there is immunity to the virus, then contact with chickenpox can lead to infection, or it can pass without consequences. It is impossible to say in advance, since many factors play a role.

What is chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the herpes simplex virus type III. It is also called a virus. At an early age, chickenpox occurs in the lightest possible form: rashes appear on the body, vesicles that open, leave shallow sores. The manifestations of the disease disappear during treatment, without leaving marks on the skin, since they do not affect its deep layers.

In adulthood, the herpes simplex virus Zoster causes a severe illness that affects nerve fibers. It is called shingles or shingles. The infection is spread from person to person. Chickenpox can be transmitted by airborne droplets. Herpes zoster is transmitted only if there was direct contact of an uninfected person with the affected areas of the patient's skin. There is also a high probability of contracting an infection upon contact with household items of a sick person: towels, washcloths, soap, clothes.

Symptoms in pregnant women

From the moment the virus enters the body until the first signs of the disease appear, it takes from two to three weeks. After the incubation period, the first symptoms appear:

• itching and burning in areas of potential rashes;
• general malaise;
• lethargy;
• nausea;
• lack of appetite;
• prostration;
• temperature increase;
• aching joints and muscles.

One or two days after the onset of symptoms, herpetic eruptions appear, which can be localized in any area. Unlike the childhood version of the disease, the rash in adults does not transform into bubbles longer, and when this happens, the vesicles contain not liquid, but pus. Therefore, the likelihood of re-infection with this course of the disease is very high.

In adults, the disease is much more severe than in children, and the combination of chickenpox and pregnancy can have extremely dangerous consequences for both the mother and the child. At the first signs of illness, you should contact the gynecologist leading the pregnancy. Only in the case of timely, well-chosen treatment by a specialist, you can avoid undesirable consequences.

The danger of chickenpox in pregnant women, depending on the trimester

The very fact of pregnancy is not an aggravating circumstance and does not affect the severity of the course of the disease. However, the likelihood of infection increases slightly, since the immune system of a pregnant woman is weakened in the early stages. This is natural and necessary so that a fertilized egg can implant into the body without any problems, and the tissues of the uterus do not mistake it for a foreign body.

First

Chickenpox disease in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is most dangerous for the fetus. During this period, the formation of the future systems and organs of the child takes place. Any negative impact at this time can lead to abnormal formation, pathologies of the skin, fibers of the central nervous system and spinal cord, limbs, eye structures. The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. Exposure to the chickenpox virus during early pregnancy can trigger the process of fetal rejection. It also increases the likelihood of fetal death in the womb, the so-called frozen pregnancy.

Second

The second trimester is considered the quietest period of pregnancy: hormonal passions have subsided, the stress and toxicosis of the first trimester has passed, the threat of miscarriage has noticeably decreased. However, the expectant mother is still worth it, because chickenpox during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester can cause various pathologies of fetal development. The main organs are formed, but not completely, many are just beginning to form, so the risk of pathological changes remains. Possible incorrect development of the foundations of the future bone skeleton, skin, lung tissues, nerve fibers of the brain, ophthalmic pathologies are likely.

Child on ultrasound

Third

Chickenpox during pregnancy in the 3rd trimester is almost not dangerous. If the infection occurs in the seventh month, the mother's body produces specific antibodies to the virus, passing them on to the baby. You still need to be treated, since the formation of fetal organs and systems continues throughout pregnancy, and a viral infection can disrupt this process. The greatest danger is posed by infection just before childbirth. In such cases, doctors take measures to prevent dangerous consequences for mother and child.

Methods and treatment regimens

At the first sign of illness, you should immediately apply for medical help... If suspicious contact occurred less than three days ago, immunoglobulin is administered to the expectant mother.

Treatment of chickenpox during pregnancy is complicated by the fact that both the virus itself and the medications that can be used to treat it are dangerous for the fetus. There are no absolutely safe drugs. Therefore, it is advisable to prevent the disease during pregnancy, rather than treat it later.

Most antiviral drugs are contraindicated for pregnant women, therefore, treatment is prescribed mainly symptomatic. For local treatment, it is recommended to use universal remedies that have no contraindications:

• methylene blue.

If the disease is severe, antiviral drugs, for example, may be prescribed.

If the disease occurred in the third trimester, shortly before childbirth, it is recommended that the infected woman be placed in a hospital. Doctors are taking measures to delay childbirth. When localizing rashes in the perineal region, the obstetrician-gynecologist raises the question of the need for a cesarean section.

Possible complications

Chickenpox during pregnancy poses a greater danger to the fetus than to the expectant mother.

1. Fetal syndrome develops in five out of a hundred babies.
2. The virus affects the unstable nervous system of the child, causing various disorders of its functioning. Skin lesions are observed: partial or complete absence of the skin.
3. The varicella virus also affects the development of the bone skeleton: the baby may have completely undeveloped or underdeveloped one or more limbs, excess or lack of fingers. In some cases, severe lesions of the optic nerve are observed. Mental or mental retardation may be diagnosed. physical development.

Neonatal chickenpox

Chickenpox infection during late pregnancy, two weeks before childbirth, in the vast majority of cases, a newborn is diagnosed with neonatal chickenpox. This is an extremely dangerous condition that is fatal in every fourth baby.

Due to the child's lack of natural immunity, neonatal chickenpox is very difficult. Symptoms begin to appear in the first two weeks of a baby's life. If the mother is sick with chickenpox ten days before delivery, after delivery, she is left in the hospital to monitor the child's condition. If a pregnant woman falls ill three weeks or more before the birth of a child, her body has time to produce and transmit an antigen to the virus to the fetus. Therefore, doctors in such cases try to cause an artificial delay in labor. If it fails, the baby is immediately treated by injecting immunoglobulin. Of course, the consequences in such cases can be very serious.

Prevention of chickenpox in pregnant women

One of the most effective preventive measures for chickenpox during pregnancy is vaccination. If a woman is already pregnant, then the introduction of the vaccine is excluded, but when planning a child, doctors recommend getting vaccinated against the virus. After vaccination, it is recommended to wait three or four months for conception. If a pregnant woman has had contact with chickenpox, you should immediately consult a doctor. No later than four days from contact, you can enter a special immunoglobulin, which will prevent the development of the disease by suppressing the activity of the virus.

During the period of carrying a child, you should try to avoid contact with children, visits to educational institutions, places where there will be a large number of children. You should also avoid contact with people who have visual signs of herpes and any colds infectious diseases. If there are children in the family, they should be accompanied. If an older child is sick, all contact with him should be cut off for a while, while he remains potentially infectious, isolating him in a separate room.

These include several diseases. But if everyone has heard about the dangers of rubella during pregnancy, then they do not know that chickenpox or, as it is more commonly called, chickenpox can threaten a pregnant woman and a fetus.

Having transferred chickenpox in childhood, a woman during pregnancy is reliably protected from it, the second time she will not get sick. If a woman who has not been sick with a chickenpox patient has had contact, an emergency vaccination can be carried out in the period up to three Read More But in case of doubt whether chickenpox is dangerous for the expectant mother, a blood test can be performed for the level of antibodies to chickenpox - it will show the presence or absence of immunity. The antibodies present in the blood protect the fetus and mother from infection, and they are also formed in a woman during vaccination against chickenpox before conception. Important. If there was a contact of a woman who was not sick with a chickenpox patient, emergency vaccination can be carried out within a period of up to three days (up to 96 hours) from the moment of contact. This is achieved by intramuscular administration of immunoglobulin in the form of Varicellon or Variant. Hide. Chickenpox during pregnancy. Severe consequences of childhood illness. Rubric: Problems of pregnant women. If a woman has not had chickenpox, it is necessary to get vaccinated before pregnancy. Read moreChickenpox during pregnancy. Severe consequences of childhood illness. Rubric: Problems of pregnant women. Waiting for a child is a difficult, but at the same time pleasant period in a woman's life. The gestation period is quite long, and the risk of getting sick is extremely high. The situation is aggravated by the fact that many common and effective medications cannot be used for treatment during pregnancy. If a woman has not had chickenpox, it is necessary to get vaccinated before pregnancy. Only vaccination can protect both mother and child from infection. Useful video about chickenpox disease during pregnancy. Hide.

Difficulties during the gestation period arise not only with chickenpox itself during pregnancy, if it has already been sick and the introduction of the virus into the body, but also with the difficulties of selecting medicines that would effectively fight viruses, while not harming either the mother or the fetus. Many people consider chickenpox to be a minor disease, since most children, but not all! According to obstetricians-gynecologists, infectious disease specialists, chickenpox during gestation, along with many other microbial and viral infections, is extremely dangerous for the fetus and the further development of pregnancy. The degree of risk is especially high during critical periods - the first trimester, when all organs and tissues are laid and there are high risks of malformations or death of the embryo, as well as the third trimester - when soon childbirth and all systems and organs must fully function for independent life.

Question: Is chickenpox dangerous for a pregnant woman?

But how this disease can become dangerous: In the second trimester, chickenpox is not dangerous to the fetus, the placenta simply does not pass the virus to the fetus, but it also does not form immunity to this infection. In the third trimester, after ten weeks of pregnancy, the virus is dangerous for intrauterine infection of the fetus due to the fact that the immune system does not start infection resistance processes in the fetus.

And then the child is born with severe symptoms of congenital chickenpox with lesions not only of the skin, but also of many internal organs, including nervous chickenpox during pregnancy, if already ill with encephalitis and meningitis. Important In the presence of immunity to chickenpox, if a woman has had it in childhood or has taken root from some manifestations of the disease in contact with chickenpox patients, the pregnant woman herself or the fetus is not observed. Due to the special properties typical for all representatives of viruses, they are combined into one group, although the symptoms of diseases and treatment may be different.

Chickenpox during pregnancy in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester

Chickenpox is caused by herpes of type 3, and after the initial infection and transfer of chickenpox, it is able to form exacerbations of herpes zoster throughout life. These are rashes on the skin on the chest or abdomen along the nerve trunks, due to the reactivation of the herpes virus. In children or adults, including pregnant women, who first become ill with chickenpox during pregnancy, if they have already been ill, it manifests itself as a combination of general and local symptoms with the formation of specific rashes on the skin of the body. Features of chickenpox and shingles When infected with the virus, chickenpox is formed - a classic infection with skin rashes all over the body, which look like grouped vesicles that turn into chickenpox during pregnancy if already sick.

After the transferred disease, lifelong immunity remains, and they do not get sick with chickenpox twice, although in recent years there has been evidence that repeated chickenpox is also possible. The virus remains for life in the body of a person who has had chickenpox, and against the background of severe immunodeficiency, it can form a special manifestation of infection - herpes zoster herpes rash along the nerve trunks in the chest or abdomen.

During gestation, both variants of the course of chickenpox are possible: The formation of chickenpox elements on the body is characterized by itching and burning, but they cannot be injured in order to prevent the spread of the virus and the formation of secondary infection with the formation of scars. On average, the rash is kept on chickenpox during pregnancy if it has already been sick for about days, passing through successive stages of formation, then disappear without a trace. It is typical for her during gestation successive stages of the process, characterized by specific changes in the body and symptoms.

The incubation period lasts in pregnant women from the moment of infection to the first manifestations for a maximum of 21 days, and on average, the clinic develops already in the second week from the moment of contact with the patient.

Chickenpox during pregnancy. Severe consequences of childhood illness. Rubric: Problems of pregnant women. If a woman has not had chickenpox, it is necessary to get vaccinated before pregnancy. Read moreChickenpox during pregnancy. Severe consequences of childhood illness. Rubric: Problems of pregnant women. Waiting for a child is a difficult, but at the same time pleasant period in a woman's life. The gestation period is quite long, and the risk of getting sick is extremely high. The situation is aggravated by the fact that many common and effective medications cannot be used for treatment during pregnancy. If a woman has not had chickenpox, it is necessary to get vaccinated before pregnancy. Only vaccination can protect both mother and child from infection. Useful video about chickenpox disease during pregnancy. Hide. If you have not had chickenpox, then you need to avoid contact with this infection so as not to get infected yourself and not infect the unborn child. Read moreIf you have not had chickenpox, then you need to avoid contact with this infection so as not to get infected yourself and not infect the unborn child. Is chickenpox dangerous during pregnancy? If you get chickenpox during pregnancy, the unborn child may develop congenital chickenpox, which is manifested by scars (scars) on the skin, low birth weight, mental and physical retardation. The risk that chickenpox during pregnancy will cause certain consequences depends on the gestational age at which the infection occurred. Chickenpox in late pregnancy is much more dangerous Hide.

The prodrome period lasts up to two days and is manifested by general infectious symptoms, typical for many acute respiratory viral infections and ends with the appearance of the first skin rashes. The stage of rashes lasts from the first pimples to the last, completely disappearing from the body. On average, this is a period of up to two weeks, sometimes pimples are pimpled in waves a couple of times with a new round of fever.

Chickenpox during pregnancy if already sick

The severity of the clinical manifestations of chickenpox in pregnant women is associated with the woman's age and characteristics, usually she has many rashes and general symptoms are expressed. After about two days, a profuse itchy rash appears over the body in the form of grouped vesicles.

Every day, a rise in temperature and a new portion of pimples is possible. Typical for adults will be rashes everywhere except the palms and feet, including possible damage to the scalp, oral mucosa and genitals. Inside the vesicles, the contents are cloudy, which, when opened, gives crusts, which are very itchy and disturbing. But you cannot rip off and comb them, there is a high risk of secondary infection, which will leave scars during healing. Important Chickenpox during pregnancy is also dangerous because there are high risks of developing complications such as chickenpox pneumonia and encephalitis.

Chickenpox during pregnancy. Is chickenpox dangerous for pregnant women?

Having transferred chickenpox in childhood, a woman during pregnancy is reliably protected from it, the second time she will not get sick. If an infection occurs, whatever the trimester of pregnancy, this is not an indication for termination of pregnancy, they are quite compatible with the correct approach to chickenpox during pregnancy if you have already been ill. However, the risks of dangerous complications and unfavorable prognosis in relation to the fetus and mother, complications differ in terms of gestation. Features of infection in different periods Depending on at what stage of pregnancy the infection occurred, the degree of risk to the mother and the fetus varies greatly: You can learn more about this in the section: And after what time can symptoms appear?

Read more about this disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment in a series of articles by clicking on the link: Can chickenpox in a son cause miscarriage? It is possible to establish the exact cause of fetal death only after a thorough examination, including for TORCH infections, sexually transmitted infections. You can read in more detail about various pathological situations that can lead to fetal death in our section: Repeatedly a person has such chickenpox during pregnancy if he is not already sick. You can get more information on this in the section: Chickenpox Svetlana asks: Since a child cannot receive antibodies from you, he is defenseless against infection.

When infected with chickenpox during pregnancy, fetal complications such as vision problems, neurological complications, skin scars and underdevelopment of the limbs are possible. It is also possible to slow down the development of the fetus. Postpone your trip for the good of your baby and a normal pregnancy. You can learn more about chickenpox from the thematic section: Chickenpox Irina asks: My nephew has chickenpox quarantine in the kindergarten. AND me and nephew had chickenpox. Can I communicate with him? You can learn more about the disease chickenpox from the thematic section of our website by clicking on the link: Chickenpox Chickenpox Jeanne asks:

Chickenpox. How to avoid the consequences of childhood illnesses

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From planning to childbirth

Chickenpox during pregnancy if already sick

Pregnancy and chickenpox

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Chickenpox and pregnancy

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The likelihood of infection

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Features of chickenpox during pregnancy

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What to do if you get chickenpox

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How to protect yourself from chickenpox during pregnancy

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Chickenpox during pregnancy

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When to be afraid of chickenpox?

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Pregnancy and chickenpox in a child

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Chickenpox during pregnancy

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Is chickenpox dangerous during pregnancy?

How to prevent chickenpox infection during pregnancy?

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How to find out if mom has chickenpox?

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How to find out about the presence of chickenpox, and pathologies on its background, in the fetus?

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What to do if you catch chickenpox during pregnancy?

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Chickenpox during pregnancy

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Chickenpox in pregnant women

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Features of the course of chickenpox in pregnant women

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Why is chickenpox so dangerous for pregnant women?

The case when? at birth, no?

Why is chickenpox dangerous for pregnant women?

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Take care in advance about? chickenpox in a woman? this process. Relatively? another reason even? before planning an expansion?

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Chickenpox in pregnant women: treatment

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• ? Does chickenpox cause? this infection -? follow your contacts?
• ? harm the body? very dangerous for? having a child vaccinated?
• ? childbirth.? leave on the skin? can get infected again ,?
• ? in the body of antibodies? lens of the eye), microphthalmia? doctors will prescribe treatment ,? If in?

Chickenpox during pregnancy: consequences

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Prevention of chickenpox in pregnant women

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Chickenpox during pregnancy

What is chickenpox and how is it spread?

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Is chickenpox dangerous during pregnancy?

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What if I came into contact with a chickenpox patient during pregnancy?

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Symptoms of chickenpox during pregnancy

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What if I develop chickenpox symptoms during pregnancy?

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Chickenpox treatment during pregnancy

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What if I got chickenpox in the third trimester of pregnancy?

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Prevention of chickenpox during pregnancy

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Chickenpox vaccine

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How does chickenpox progress during pregnancy?

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Is there a risk to the fetus?

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When is the risk highest?

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How can the disease affect the fetus?

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How does chickenpox affect pregnancy?

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What to do if you suspect chickenpox?

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Is chickenpox vaccination allowed for pregnant women?

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Is chickenpox dangerous during pregnancy - possible complications

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Is chickenpox dangerous for pregnant women?

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What to do if a pregnant woman has chickenpox

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How to protect yourself from chickenpox during pregnancy

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Accompanying chickenpox. "Prevention measures are simple enough," everyone else is not? would be a harmless disease.? would not sound :? and the more? parts during pregnancy? you need to panic. Modern?

Pregnancy is one of the most wonderful times in any woman's life. However, for many, this time becomes not only pleasantly exciting, but also very hectic, because, being pregnant, one cannot get sick.

This "mission" can actually become impossible if you have older children who attend kindergarten or school, which means that there is always a risk of bringing home some kind of virus.

Since the immunity of a woman during pregnancy is significantly reduced, therefore, she becomes very vulnerable and susceptible to the negative influence of literally any viruses and infections. But even "mild" diseases can be dangerous for the baby inside you.

For example, the common chickenpox, which almost everyone gets sick in childhood, can seriously threaten your pregnancy, as well as the health and life of the child.

Chickenpox or, as it is popularly called, chickenpox is a contagious disease, and the virus that causes it is one of the types (III), so even after recovery, it will remain in your body forever.

For the first time, the disease was described by the doctor and anatomist G. Vidus (Vidius), who lived and worked in Italy in the middle of the 16th century. But the name "varicella" was given to her by the German physician O. Vogel (1772), thereby separating and distinguishing chickenpox from natural ("variola").

At the end of the 19th century, there was a whole epidemic, and chickenpox began to be considered a separate nosological form. The causative agent of the virus was identified by the Brazilian physician E. Aragao in 1911: the scientist discovered that the contents of the vesicles contain elementary bodies of the virus (later they were called the little bodies of Aragao). And the virus itself was isolated from them only in the 40s of the XX century.

Chickenpox is considered primarily a childhood disease, since more than 90% of people get sick with it at an early age (from six months to seven years) and receive immunity for life (the virus is blocked, but not destroyed).

However, viruses can mutate, and with a severe decrease in immunity (acclimatization, postoperative condition, organ transplants, HIV infection, etc.), doctors note that not only re-infection with chickenpox is possible, but also complications in the form of shingles.

The smallpox virus itself is quite unstable, since it cannot be outside the body for a long time: within ten minutes, the virus can die if it is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, heating or exposure to sunlight.

The person simply has a unique one hundred percent susceptibility to the virus. As a rule, the patient becomes infectious already a day (20-24 hours) before the rash begins to appear, and ceases to be so only when five days have passed since the last appearance of the rash and their crusting.

How and why does infection occur?

Many people do not remember what diseases they had in childhood. If you are planning a pregnancy, the doctor will definitely send you for an analysis that will show whether you have antibodies to chickenpox or not.

In case of a negative result, a specialist may recommend that you get vaccinated (according to statistics, one in ten women do not have antibodies to the disease in their blood).

The main way that will help to avoid infection is to exclude contact with sick people or those who were in their environment. However, very often a woman may not even suspect that she is in contact with potential carriers of the virus. Infection occurs:

• the main percentage is the transmission of the disease by airborne droplets (sneezing, talking, etc.);
• you can also get infected by contact with the patient's skin (through the liquid in the blisters of the rash);
• there are known cases of intrauterine infection of the child.

A person in adulthood suffers the disease much more difficult than in childhood.

Sometimes chickenpox can be accompanied by serious complications (bacterial infections of the lungs and pneumonia, impaired coordination of movements, inflammation of the brain and heart muscle, kidneys, joints, organs of vision, etc.).

Is chickenpox dangerous during pregnancy: the consequences of an infectious disease?

Chickenpox during gestation may proceed in its usual form, but there is a high probability of risk and a certain threat to the fetus. A woman's immunity is greatly reduced, and this is an excellent factor for the appearance and development of infection.

If primary infection with the virus occurs during pregnancy, then the possibility of negative consequences and their degree will depend on many details: the woman's health status, the course and nature of pregnancy and, of course, the term.

First trimester: what to fear early on?

The first weeks of pregnancy are the times when the baby is especially vulnerable. Initially, the fetus is not yet protected by the placenta, the main organs and systems are just beginning to form and form, so any disease, as well as drugs that are used to combat it, are destructive for the baby.

Chickenpox in the early stages can lead to:

• to fetal death and spontaneous miscarriage;
• to damage to the central nervous system (atrophy of the cerebral cortex, mental retardation), underdevelopment or hypoplasia of the baby's limbs (arms and legs), organs of vision and hearing (cataract, microphthalmia);
• to various deformities (scars on the skin);
• to problems with bladder and intestines;
• to growth retardation, convulsive syndromes;
• to other physical and mental abnormalities.

Doctors say that the most undesirable and tragic consequence of the virus can be the death of pregnancy or miscarriage, and the risk of pathologies in a child at an early stage is only 0.4-1%, since chickenpox is still not. However, such a possibility exists, and this must not be forgotten.

Second trimester: the threat persists

When the mother is infected in the third trimester for periods from 14 to 20 weeks, the danger for the baby increases slightly - up to 2-5% of the likelihood of pathologies, deformities or developmental anomalies. According to medical statistics, a child is most likely to be born with congenital chickenpox syndrome with all its consequences:

• areas of scarring of the skin;
• hypoplasia of bones and muscles of the limbs;
• eye lesions;
• congenital pneumonia;
• neurological disorders up to mental retardation.

If you have had chickenpox, then the doctor will definitely look and assess the condition of the bones of the limbs and skull during the ultrasound procedure in order to exclude the development of any pathological situations.

Third trimester: in the later stages, the main thing is to protect yourself before childbirth

In the later stages (after 20 weeks), the danger of the virus for the child practically disappears, but at the end of pregnancy it again manifests itself with an even greater threat.

The critical time for infection is considered the last 4-5 days before childbirth and almost a week after them: the baby is likely to become infected in utero or will be infected with a virus during birth. And the fact is that the baby has not yet had time to get enough antibodies to fight the infection from his mother.

In newborns, as well as in children under the age of three months, chickenpox can be very difficult, causing a lot of complications and various damage to the brain or internal organs. Cases and deaths of newborns are known.

How does the disease manifest itself?

Symptoms of an infection during pregnancy are no different from normal symptoms.

The main symptom of chickenpox is always a skin rash that looks like small blisters filled with fluid.

A sick person detects the first symptoms on 21 days after infection, since the incubation period of the virus is 10-20 days (however, some signs of the disease can be felt earlier).

Doctors say that with age, a person suffers more and more the course of the infection, and it manifests itself with more pronounced symptoms.

Other signs that you have become infected may include:

• a sharp deterioration in health;
• weakness, lethargy, fatigue;
• loss of appetite, some even;
• severe headaches;
• joint and muscle pain;
• fever.

The rash is often very profuse. First, large pink spots appear (up to 4 mm in diameter), and then after a couple of hours they turn into papules, and those already turn into vesicles (vesicles filled with liquid).

After a few days, the bubbles will begin to dry out, forming dark crusts that should fall off on their own (don't scratch them!) After a couple of weeks.

In some cases, severe complications are possible, as well as the development of atypical forms of the disease.

1. If you develop a rash, chest pain, and shortness of breath, seek immediate medical attention. Most likely, these are manifestations of a hemorrhagic form of infection.
2. Sometimes a gangrenous form occurs, which leads to the fact that the body of a sick person is covered with huge ulcerative areas that form after the onset of dry gangrene (along with the usual rashes).
3. In the case of a generalized form of the disease, the rash manifests itself in all internal organs, and the general condition of the patient deteriorates sharply.

If herpes pneumonia is added, then doctors do not exclude the possibility of death if assistance is not provided in a timely manner.

Basic diagnostic methods

The doctor rarely has to doubt the diagnosis, because the rash and other accompanying symptoms are very common. However, when drawing up a medical history, he will try to find out:

• whether you could have contact with someone who has chickenpox (if so, who are these people);
• how long the contact lasted;
• what is the state of your immunity, as well as the immunity of your immediate family;
• whether the disease is accompanied by additional complications.

Also, a completely different nature of the rash will be in shingles or on some bites.

If the doctor needs to get reliable confirmation of the diagnosis, he can refer you to special laboratory tests:

• to detect tissue antigens, paired blood sera will be subjected to serological tests;
• to detect the virus itself, an RTGA is done;
• to find out if there are active antibodies against the pathogen, you will need an RSK;
• skin rash (its elements) can be examined under a light microscope using silvering reagents.

The doctor will also advise you on additional tests. They will help make sure your child is not getting hurt in any way.

The occurrence of chickenpox in itself is not a reason to terminate a pregnancy, but it is better to know that everything is in order and calm down.

How to treat?

If there are no serious complications or atypical forms of infection, then the woman is not hospitalized, allowing her to be treated at home.

The doctor will make a decision based on your individual case, gestational age and other factors.

The main treatment will be to treat the rashes with solutions: brilliant green (brilliant green). Alternatively, you can use a lotion with calamine lotion to relieve severe itching and prevent scratching of the sores. This will help prevent other bacterial infections from developing and spreading.

An inexpensive Zindol suspension is a good antipruritic and healing agent.

The drug dries ulcers well and promotes fast healing... After its application, no scars remain on the skin.

During illness, you should not overheat (wrap yourself up too much), swim, rub the affected skin. It will be good if, before recovery, you switch to dairy-plant foods that are easy to digest, complete and contain an increased amount of vitamins and proteins.

If you become infected after 20 weeks, your doctor may advise you to have an injection of a specific immunoglobulin to reduce all possible risks.

If you have a severe form of the disease, then most likely you will be prescribed antiviral treatment with acyclovir.

If the infection occurred almost before childbirth, doctors will try to delay them at least a few days. Immunoglobulin will be given to you and your baby after birth. Further, experts will already look at the situation, what course of treatment to prescribe and how to act.

Possible preventive measures: what to do to avoid getting sick?

During pregnancy planning, you should definitely pass all the necessary tests to find out if you have antibodies to the virus. If not, then it is worth getting vaccinated to prevent the disease.

Your doctor may order you to take special multivitamins and immunoglobulins to strengthen your immunity and body resistance.

General preventive measures are reduced to the management healthy way life, a nutritious and balanced diet, adherence to normal hygiene standards, etc.

Also during pregnancy, try to avoid:

• places with a large crowd of people;
• childcare facilities and close communication with children;
• people who have suspicious rashes or cold symptoms;
• if your older child is sick, try to isolate him (send him to his grandmother, move him to another room). Doctors advise lubricating the nose with oxolinic ointment and not touching the patient's skin. If the child has not yet been sick, vaccinate him too.

Chickenpox is not as dangerous as it might seem, but that doesn't mean it's worth ignoring. If you did not manage to protect yourself during pregnancy, do not panic, but simply take all the necessary measures in a timely manner. This way you can prevent dangerous consequences from occurring and protect your baby.

Chickenpox is a widespread viral disease diagnosed mainly in school-aged children. In most situations, the disease proceeds without any complications and passes quickly enough. Along with this, an adult can also get sick with chickenpox, if he did not have such an "experience" during the period of growing up. Here, the prospects are not so bright: the older the patient, the more difficult he is experiencing the disease.

The situation becomes especially dangerous if a pregnant woman gets sick with chickenpox. And although such cases are diagnosed extremely rarely, such a probability should not be completely written off. After reading the information below, you will find out how chickenpox manifests itself in pregnant women, what danger the disease poses to the expectant mother and the developing fetus, and you will also receive recommendations and important accompanying notes regarding the need and procedure for seeking medical help.

The disease begins to progress after infection of the patient's body with the herpes simplex virus type III.

The pathogen is transmitted mainly by airborne droplets or through household liquids. The first signs of the disease appear on average for several days (sometimes up to 3 weeks) after infection.

Scroll early symptoms Chickenpox includes the following manifestations:

• general deterioration in well-being;
• loss of appetite;
• temperature increase;
• headache.

A couple of days after the first signs appear, the skin blisters with a clear liquid. The number of rashes increases every day. The peak is reached about 5-7 days.

The key danger of chickenpox in the case of pregnant patients is that the immunity of the latter in most situations is seriously weakened, which is why the disease proceeds with moderate or high severity and is accompanied by an increased intensity of the severity of adverse symptoms. The likelihood of complications is not excluded. They will be discussed in the following sections of the publication.

Potential consequences for mom and baby

General information

As noted, during pregnancy, the disease studied today can take on atypical forms. About them in the table.

Table. Possible atypical forms of chickenpox in pregnant women

In accordance with the average statistical data, more than 30% of pregnant patients with chickenpox develop such a complication as herpetic pneumonia. This secondary disease is characterized by a very severe course and requires qualified medical intervention. Otherwise, the consequences can be catastrophic - up to and including death.

Also, the list of possible complications includes the following provisions:

• early miscarriage;
• violations of the formation of the baby's skeletal system;
• developmental disorders of the main sense organs;
• pathology of the nervous system;
• the formation of rough scars on the skin of the mother and fetus;
• intrauterine death of a developing fetus;
• infection of the child with congenital chickenpox;
• various pathologies that provoke developmental disorders of the baby after his birth.

The list of complications and, in general, the level of danger of chickenpox for the mother and the child vary depending on the stage of pregnancy at which the woman fell ill. So, during the third trimester, this disease poses practically no significant threat and proceeds in the same way as in non-pregnant patients. Information regarding the first two trimesters requires more detailed study.

Chickenpox in the first trimester

During the first 12 weeks, the laying of the main organs and tissues of the unborn baby takes place. That is why absolutely any disease during this period is of increased danger. The placenta as such remains underdeveloped, read - unable to provide adequate protection for the emerging child.

According to statistics, fetal infection is extremely rare, but if intrauterine chickenpox still begins to progress, it will not disappear without a trace with almost 100% probability.

The consequences can be very diverse: from disturbances in the development of tissues, organs and systems to severe pathologies of the nervous system, various deformities and even intrauterine fetal death.

The condition of the fetus is assessed by ultrasound methods. If a specialist identifies severe pathologies and deformities that pose a danger to the fetus or can significantly worsen the quality of life of the baby after birth, the question of artificial termination of pregnancy will be raised.

There is no confirmed evidence of a relationship between chickenpox and the likelihood of natural miscarriage or freezing of pregnancy.

After the 12th week, the likelihood of infection of the fetus with chickenpox is almost completely excluded. By this point in time, the placenta is already able to provide adequate protection for the developing fetus, which reduces the risk of developing various complications to almost 0.

If you get chickenpox in the second trimester, undergo an ultrasound scan to assess the baby's condition and personal reassurance.

What should a expectant mother do?

In most situations, the results of an external examination are sufficient to make a diagnosis. If the disease takes an atypical form, they resort to using additional laboratory diagnostic methods. Traditionally, this is a serological study, the essence of which is to determine the presence in the patient's body of antibodies to the pathogen of chickenpox. Possible results are described below.

1. If the test is positive, this indicates the presence of chickenpox in the acute stage, or it indicates that the patient has recently had a disease.
2. If the analysis gives a negative result, the disease is either absent, or is in the stage of incubation, or there are early periods of the course of the disease.
3. If the results are dubious / blurred, the analysis must be repeated a few days later.

Features of the treatment of chickenpox in the case of pregnant women

Basic information about the features of the treatment of chickenpox in pregnant patients is given in the table.

Table. Chickenpox treatment

Important! During pregnancy, a woman should take a double responsibility to her health. Any uncontrolled self-medication is strictly excluded - drugs for the fight against chickenpox are prescribed only by a qualified doctor.

For a better understanding of the procedure for detecting symptoms of chickenpox during pregnancy, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the information below.

So you've contracted chickenpox. The first thing to do is see your pregnancy doctor. In the absence of complications and a serious threat to the fetus, treatment is most likely to be limited to treating the rash with brilliant green or other means recommended by the doctor.

The decision regarding the need to use additional drugs is made only by the doctor and only after a thorough examination of the patient and a comprehensive assessment of the possible risks.

First, plan your pregnancy responsibly. Visit your doctor and get tested for antibodies to chickenpox.

A list of additional examinations and studies will be provided by a specialist. If necessary, you will be prescribed to take immunoglobulin and other drugs that help strengthen the immune system and eliminate existing health problems.

Secondly, avoid visiting crowded places, especially hospitals, schools and preschool institutions... Keep contacts with strangers to a minimum. Remember: chickenpox is easily transmitted by airborne droplets even during the initial incubation period, i.e. a person may not have any symptoms of the disease, but is already contagious.

Thirdly, if you have not spared yourself and made contact with a sick person, be sure to go to the doctor. If there are no risks for the baby, the specialist will give an injection of immunoglobulin. This will eliminate contamination.

Chickenpox or chicken pox- an acute infectious disease caused by the third type of herpes virus (Human Herpesvirus-3; HHV-3; Varicella zoster). Chickenpox during pregnancy is of particular relevance. This is usually a "childhood" infection, but the disease also occurs in adults who did not have chickenpox in childhood.

FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF THE DISEASE

Chickenpox and pregnancy are a fairly rare combination, since the vast majority of people carry this infection in childhood and have a specific lifelong immunity.

Some facts about chickenpox in pregnancy:

• According to statistics, the risk of contracting chickenpox during pregnancy is very small - only 5% of expectant mothers are not immune to this disease.
• The source of the disease is a sick person who is most contagious from the end of the incubation period until the crusts fall off (about two days before the onset of the rash and over the next five days).
• The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets.
• The incubation period is on average one to three weeks.
• In a pregnant woman, chickenpox proceeds with the same clinical picture as in other people: an increase in temperature, sometimes to febrile values ​​and the appearance of specific vesicular rashes on the skin and mucous membranes.
• However, given the peculiarities of the immune system during pregnancy, the course of the disease often takes on a moderate and severe form, which is often the reason for treatment in a hospital setting.
• Suppuration of the skin elements of the rash, the development of abscesses, as well as gangrenous and hemorrhagic forms of the disease may occur.
• One of the serious consequences of chickenpox for a pregnant woman is the development of viral pneumonia. as a complication of this infection. This happens about 20% of the time. At the same time, respiratory failure and secondary bacterial complications develop quite quickly, which in about 45% of cases can lead to death.
• Other, very rare complications of chickenpox during pregnancy are viral lesions of the brain, eyes, heart muscle, kidneys, etc.

RISKS TO FRUIT

The main danger of chickenpox in pregnant women is infection of an unborn child. This risk is on average about 10-15%. The decisive role in this is played by the time of infection with chickenpox.

The consequences of chickenpox infection for the fetus:

• The infection is transmitted to the fetus by the transplacental and ascending route.
• It is also possible to infect a child by contact during childbirth, if future mom got sick with chickenpox the day before.
• The appearance of chickenpox in early pregnancy (up to 20 weeks) can lead to fetal freezing and spontaneous abortion.
• If the pregnancy is prolonged, the child may experience various developmental anomalies.
• The most common are cicatricial changes in the skin, various visceral pathologies, damage to the nervous system and the organ of vision (atrophy of the extremities, cerebral cortex, ipsilateral limbus hypoplasia, the development of cerebral palsy, convulsive syndrome in the neonatal period, etc.).
• Fortunately, such complications of chickenpox during pregnancy develop only in 2-3% of cases. In other cases, the viral infection of the fetus is temporary and asymptomatic.
• After 20 weeks of pregnancy and almost until the very birth, the risk of developing severe fetal pathology is practically zero.
• For pregnant women, chickenpox is dangerous in late pregnancy. Infection on the eve of childbirth (7-10 days) is fraught with the development of neonatal chickenpox in a child... This condition ends in death in every fifth such newborn. A high risk is associated with the baby's vulnerability to infection, since the protective specific antibodies of the mother do not yet have time to be transmitted to him in such a short time.

TREATMENT

During pregnancy, chickenpox therapy is usually performed in a hospital setting. For specific treatment, acyclovir is used, which is prescribed orally (or intravenously for severe disease).

At risk of contracting chickenpox in pregnant women, specific immunoglobulin against Varicella zoster can be used. However, such passive immunization has the greatest effect only in the first 72–96 hours after contact with the patient.

PREVENTION

Considering frequent development severe forms of chickenpox during pregnancy and the possibility of infection of the fetus, the most urgent are the issues of preventing this disease in expectant mothers.

Measures to prevent chickenpox infection:

• Leading a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet and other measures aimed at strengthening non-specific immunity are the best prevention of infections or contribute to their easier course.
• At the stage of pregnancy planning, it is necessary to determine the state of specific immunity to chickenpox.
• If a woman clearly knows about a past illness, then in the overwhelming majority of cases, additional examination is not required.
• In the absence of protective antibodies in the blood of a woman planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to carry out a specific vaccination against chickenpox.
• With chickenpox, a woman should not become pregnant, so you need to take care of contraceptive methods.
• Unfortunately, although rare, repeated chickenpox infections do occur. Therefore, pregnant women should not come into contact with patients with chickenpox or shingles, since both of these diseases are caused by the same type of herpes virus.
• The expectant mother should limit visits to crowded places, clinics, reduce the time for using public transport, etc.
• If a family member falls ill with chickenpox, he must be isolated in accordance with all hygiene rules. A pregnant woman should immediately contact her doctor for advice.
• If infection with chickenpox during pregnancy could not be avoided, it is necessary to routinely follow all the doctor's prescriptions.

Fetal and newborn protection:

• Chickenpox is not an indication for termination of pregnancy.
• In case of a previous illness in the early stages of pregnancy, medical genetic counseling and screening ultrasound studies are performed in order to exclude congenital pathology in the fetus.
• When infected with chickenpox on the eve of childbirth, in order to maximize the protection of the fetus, the pregnancy is prolonged if possible.
• In the presence of massive chickenpox eruptions in the external genital area of ​​a woman on the eve of childbirth, in order to prevent congenital chickenpox in a newborn, a caesarean section is performed.
• For specific prophylaxis of chickenpox in newborns born to mothers in the acute period of the disease, specific immunoglobulin, vaccination or antiviral treatment are used.
• After pregnancy, chickenpox is a contraindication for breastfeeding before the end of the infectious period.

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