Urine analysis is an effective diagnostic method. According to its results, inflammatory processes and nature of their origin are revealed. Knowing, what is the rate of leukocytes in the urine in children of different ages, parents will be able to determine, healthy baby or sick. The cause of deviations are infections - bacterial, viral or fungal, as well as various physiological processes.

What is leukocytes?

Along with other cells, erythrocytes and platelets, leukocytes are present in the blood. The other name is white blood tales. Their task is to ensure the protection of the body from malicious agents: viruses, mushrooms and bacteria. 2 varieties of leukocytes are known:

The task of lymphocytes is to destroy the viruses that penetrated the body. Neutrophils are led by bacteria. Pediatricians are not in vain, what should be the rate of leukocytes in the child in the urine. Focusing on this value, you can reveal a hidden hearth inflammation. If the level of protective cells exceeds the permissible value, this suggests that the baby is sick, its body is struggling with infection. According to the result, the pediatrician assumes the presence of inflammation in the kidneys, urethra, urinary bubble or other departments of the urinary system.

Why increase leukocytes in the urine in a child?

Leukocytes penetrate into the urine of the child through the walls of blood vessels of the kidneys, when they become permeable. This happens when one of the disease develops:

So, the reason why the level of white blood taurus grows is known - local inflammation in the organs of the urogenital system, which causes bacteria, viruses and mushrooms.

Assute what it is caused by, by looking at the result of the analysis. If neutrophils are raised - this indicates a bacterial infection. With an increase in the level of lymphocytes, it is obvious that the disease is caused by viruses. When the analysis shows the high content of eosinophils in the urine - this indicates the allergic nature of inflammation.

Are there any characteristic symptoms?

Symptoms with a high meaning of leukocytes in children may differ depending on which the focus of inflammation is local. Parents are important to be attentive to the well-being of the baby, because even by the external characteristics of Urin, it is possible to determine the deviation from the norm:

• in color - the liquid acquires dark yellow, and sometimes brown;
• under the presence of sediment - when the liquid is ground, flakes are present in it - this indicates a pathological process;
• by smell - it becomes sharp, saturated.

The presence of mucus, blood in the urine is unacceptable (more in the article :). A healthy child has a transparent light urine, it does not detect extraneous inclusions. For the well-being of the baby and its complaints, the resulting inflammatory process can also be assumed:

When leukocytes are a lot in the urine in the infants, parents note the capricious behavior, a plasticity, refusal of food. The baby presses the legs before pressing, and crying, because he feels pain. In some cases, urine delay occurs.

What is the rate of leukocytes in the urine in infants?

Pediatricians are recommended to regularly pass the urine infants for analysis. This type of study is quite informative and helps to identify hidden foci of inflammation, as well as blood test. In Urine, not only leukocytes, but also the protein can be found in Urine of a one-year-old child. Since Kroch cannot tell parents about poor well-being, except for crying, it is worth listening to the advice of the doctor and at least once every 2 months pass the urine of the child to the analysis.

What is the norm of leukocytes in urine infants - depends on its floor. In girls, this indicator is higher, the boys are lower. The difference between indicators in different floors is small - 3-4 cells in one millilitress of biological fluid. The rate of leukocytes in infants and a one-year-old child:

• girls - 8 - 10;
• boys - 5 - 7.

The inconsistency of these standards is the reason to revise the analysis. Deviations in the indicators may occur not only due to developing inflammation, but also due to the violation of the rules of the Biomaterial fence. It is worth mentioning that in newborns children the rate of leukocytes contained in the urine, above - 10 - 15 in sight. The kidney of the baby after its appearance to light does not work at full capacity. By one-year-old age, leukocyte levels usually come to a normal value.

Along with white blood tales in Urine, a newborn is also detected by a protein. This does not mean that the crumb is sick. Already a few days after birth, the value of this component should decrease. In a breast child, the cause of increased protein in the urine can be overproing, hypothermia, fright, high body temperature.

Table of leukocyte norms in the urine in boys and girls from year

Detailed advice on established rules for leukocytes in the urine in children of different sexes and the age will give a pediatrician. The values \u200b\u200bof indicators affect not only the health status, but also the degree of child's activity. For example, if the baby was intensely exposed to intensive physical exertion, and in the morning Urin was collected for research, with a greater probability leukocyte cells in elevated concentrations will be found in it.

The table shows the normal values \u200b\u200bof leukocytes in boys and girls from 1 year to 6 years and older. These values \u200b\u200bare applicable to general urine analysis.

In the study of urin, it is passed through a special centrifuge, and then dry substance under the microscope. At the same time, white blood cells are calculated, which fall into the field of view.

There is another research method when the number of cells in one microliter of biological fluid is calculated.

How to collect urine in infants and what should I pass the tests?

Urina harvest is always made in the morning hours, immediately after waking up. Before taking the material of the baby, it is impossible to feed and water, otherwise the resulting result of the study may be unreliable. To collect urin, you will need a sterile container with a twisting tight lid. She is bought in a pharmacy.

Special attention is paid to the hygiene of the genital organs. They are washed with warm water with soap, then dryly wipe on a clean napkin. To assemble the urine in the infants, you will also need a gloof. Externally, it resembles a package with a hole. Pluging it on the perineum, mom holds the subject, waiting for the crumb to urinate. After that, the liquid is immediately overflowing into a sterile jar and twisted the lid. Prohibited:

• use the pot for collecting biomaterial;
• squeeze the selection from the diaper, diaper or wool.

Biomaterial must be quickly delivered to the laboratory. The reception of urine and feces is usually carried out up to 10 am. If for some reason it is impossible to deliver the container with the hospital in the near future, it is better to collect fresh urine the next day. Long-term storage of material is unacceptable - it occurs in the processes of oxidation and decay, and bacteria are multiplied.

There are several varieties of urine tests. These include:

• the common is the most common, allows you to identify the presence of inflammatory diseases and their nature;
• in Nechiporenko - is carried out in suspect of the pathology of the kidneys;
• according to Kakovsky Addis - helps to distinguish pyelonephritis from glomerulonephritis or to detect urolithiasis;
• on Sulkovich - will allow to detect calcium in biological fluid;
• according to Zimnitsky - reveals renal failure, the collection of material is made during the day.

Having received the result of the study, the pediatrician, finding deviations from normal values, prescribes treatment. If the cause of the shear of the leukocyte formula has become urinary tract infection, treatment is carried out using antibacterial agents. They are selected, taking into account the age of baby and sensitivity to the active substance of bacteria that caused inflammation. It is impossible to pick up antibiotics to the child.

Along with antibacterial drugs, repair and diuretic products are prescribed. These include:

• "Kanefron" (see also :);
• "Uroesan";
• rubber branch;
• kidney tea (applied from 12 years).

Children recommended bedding. It is important to prevent supercooling. Correction is subject to a small patient's menu. From the diet exclude pickles, acute food, sweets. With severe disease, treatment is carried out in the hospital. Doctors constantly monitor the patient's condition and analyze changes in analyzes - how many white blood cells are detected.

The therapeutic course continues to 7 - 10 days, although improvements occur already for 2-3 days. Cut or stop treatment before the deadline is prohibited - bacteria produce resistance to drugs, which subsequently makes it difficult to combat them.

What if the child has leukocytes lowered?

There is no such concept as "reduced leukocytes in the urine". Their value can be inclined to minimize, reach 1 - 3 in the visibility zone - this result is considered good. A healthy child who regularly urins and does not experience pain when urine, in Urin in small quantities there are white blood tales. If there is no exceeding normal values, you should consult with a pediatrician. In other cases, there is no reason for concern.

Laboratory studies, such as urine tests and blood - effective tools for identifying pathological processes in the body of children and adults. To show a reliable result, it is important to properly prepare for the taking of biomaterial. If the result causes doubts from a doctor or from parents, it is worth re-passing urine.

Various pathological conditions of the body are accompanied by a noticeable increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine. Conducting appropriate analyzes allows you to identify these changes and make certain conclusions about the processes occurring in the body.

Leukocyte functions

Leukocytes are called movable white blood cells. In children, the bone marrow corresponds to their development. There are many varieties of white blood cells, but the following functions are common for them:

Leukocytes penetrate the tissues and organs, concentrating radia with inflamed areas and areas where immune responses are actively manifested. They provide a reaction to allergens, cooling and physical exertion.

How to prepare a child to surrender urine analysis

For general analysis, it is preferable to pass the "morning" urine. It accumulates throughout the night, which allows you to smooth the effect of natural daily fluctuations on the results obtained. Thus, the characteristics of the test parameters will be more objective.

To fully research, it will be necessary to provide at least 70 ml of urine. Before collecting urine, it is necessary to spend a thorough toilet of external genital organs.

An attempt to ignore this rule leads to noticeable changes in the amount of red blood cells and leukocytes, which creates difficulties for the correct diagnosis.

For boys:

For girls:

• carrying out the movement on the front, wash the outdoor genitals;
• without touching the neck, take the tank in the hand;
• gentle lips hold a bit diluted, give to pour out a small amount of urine;
• take the capacity under the jet, to dial the required amount of fluid;
• close Capacity.

When collecting urine in infants, it is necessary to carry out hygienic treatment, and after using a one-time sterile urendar, which is pasted on top of genital organs. Next, it remains only to wear a diaper.

Boys urination should cover penis along with the scrotum. In girls, the adhesive edge must framed large sex lips and fit tightly to the skin. It is necessary to make sure that the adhesive surface does not hit the area of \u200b\u200bthe anal hole.

If everything is performed correctly, it remains only to regularly check the filing of the urinary.

As soon as the "deal is done," you need to fill the liquid into the pre-prepared container, or to deliver to the laboratory the urebiar, whining or knitting it.

Leukocyte rate in the urine in children up to year: Table

Normal indicators of the content of leukocytes in the children's urine must be insignificant. The ideal option is if they are generally absent, but the presence of some of them is also permissible.

The excess amount of white blood cells in the urine indicates the presence of inflammatory processes affecting the urinary system. The more leukocytes were recorded, the more acute the disease proceeds. The scientific term used to designate this phenomenon is "Piurai" ("Leukocyturia").

The urine analysis is carried out using various techniques, each of which has its own "standards".

In any case, for children up to the year, the norm is a slight level of white blood taurus in the urine.

The number of leukocytes in the urine in children in 1 year: the norm

The normal level of the content of white blood cells in one year old children corresponds to the interval from 6 to 17.5. Exceeding the upper border indicates the presence of pathology. Another reason for such indicators is the insufficient amount of the studied biomaterial. A total analysis requires 20-30 ml, and for more complex studies - 150 ml.

What is the rate of leukocytes in the urine in a child of 2 years

A two year old baby is rarely required to carry out urine analysis, usually such a need arises only after the appearance of specific complaints.

In this case, it is necessary to navigate the norm within 6 to 17 units of leukocytes within visibility.

How many leukocytes in the urine: the norm in children in 3 years

In 3 years, the boundaries of the permissible level of containing leukocytes are noticeably shifted and can correspond to values \u200b\u200bfrom 5.5 to 15. If there are deviations from the norm, a detailed medical examination is recommended.

It is necessary to take into account that in addition to inflammatory processes on the amount of blood cells allocated with the urine cells, elevated physical exertion affect (for example, sports). In this case, it is desirable to temper the activity of the child.

Leukocyte rate in the urine in a child at 4 years and older

The level of the norm in 4 years is not much different from the one that is installed for three-year-old kids and corresponds to 5 - 14.5 units.

At a five-year-old, the excess of the threshold of 14 units can already be considered an occasion for concern.

For boys, the upper border and at all lowers up to 12.5-13 leukocytes in sight.

For patients aged 6 years, the interval for girls and boys is concluded between the values \u200b\u200bof 4.5 and 13.5. When fixing, deviations should necessarily analyze and proceed to treatment only after confirming the initial results.

Causes of deviations from girls and boys

An increase in the number of blood cells in the urine is associated with the increased permeability of the walls of the vessels in the kidneys. This is usually provoked:

However, a significant number of leukocytes is not always associated with serious diseases. It is likely that they appear in the urine due to general ailment or at the time of teething.

If it was found that excess leukocytes are associated with infectious diseases of the urinary system, the child will need to pass the therapeutic course consisting in the receiving an antibiotic of a wide range of action.

Only a specialist can prescribe a drug. An independent use of such funds is strictly prohibited.

If you have to give the child antibiotics for a long time, then additionally medicines will be assigned to help maintain the normal state of intestinal microflora.

Taking into account the specific clinical picture, it may be necessary to use antiseptics, spasmolitics, antipyretic drugs, vegetable agents.

Prevention measures

To prevent the development of infectious diseases of the children's urogenital system, follows:

• provide the child the necessary hygiene of the genital organs and the regular change of underwear;
• enable products to strengthen the body's protective forces in the menu;
• provide a child enough of a sufficient amount of clean water for drinking;
• try to prevent constipation, or to liquidate them as soon as possible;
• when you knead the child to produce movements towards the buttocks, and not from them.

These measures are usually quite enough to preserve the health of the child.

Additional information about urine analysis indicators in children - in the next video.

Currently, the diagnosis of the condition of the body on various biological fluids is one of the easiest and non-invasive methods. For example, the composition of the urine allows you to identify pathological changes, indicates which functions are violated. It is especially important to notice the deviations of urine indicators from the norm in children.

Doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics

Leukocytes

Leukocytes or white blood cells are important components of blood. Their main function is the ability to phagocytosis - digestion of particles. Most often it is used to destroy alien agents in our body.

In order to answer the question whether leukocytes may appear in the urine at the child, first of all it is necessary to figure out how urine is formed in our body.

Urica process

The urine formation process consists of three processes: filtration, reabsorption and secretion.

Filtration

The essence of filtering is clear from the name. This process occurs in the so-called kidney glomers. Blood is brought by vessels to them. Then the liquid and its dissolved connections pass through the membrane.

Not all connections are capable of passing through the membrane of the glomeruli. For example, protein molecules are too large, which does not allow them to penetrate through the filter.

Thus, the separation of high molecular compounds, and electrolytes, water, cell elements and other compounds form primary urine. This is the meaning of the first urinating process.

Reabsorption

Reabsorption is the process of reverse absorption of substances. Some substances that have passed through the filtration barrier may need to be needed to be our organism in the future. Therefore, their reverse absorption occurs in the renal tubules.

The main substances that are subjected to reabsorption are: glucose, amino acids, sodium ions, calcium, magnesium, potassium, as well as chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, and even water.

Secretion

Secretion is the process of selection of substances in the urine, for example, using special carriers. In this way, the body gets rid of medicines, hydrogen protons, various organic acids and toxins. As a result, the secondary (final version) urine is formed.

There is hormonal regulation of reabsorption and secretion processes. For example, Vasopressin stimulates the reabsorption of water, thereby maintaining it in the body.

Thus, thanks to all three processes, the final means of metabolism is eliminated.

So what the answer will be on the question previously: can leukocytes be in the urine? The answer is unequivocal - can. The number of white blood cells is played in the diagnosis of diseases.

Leukocyte rate in the urine in children

Depending on age and sometimes gender, the content of leukocytes in the blood can vary (Table 1). So, in infants, the amount of white blood cells will be considered within the normal range: 5-7 cell boys, girls - 8-10.

Table 1. Leukocyte rate in the urine in children.

After birth, the child's body is not yet fully formed, therefore an increased number of leukocytes is allowed. However, if over time the number of cells is not reduced - this indicates pathology.

Causes of increasing levels of leukocytes in the urine

The high level of leukocytes in the urine is customary to be called leukocyteuria, and if the number of white blood cells is more than 60 piureia.

High leukocyte numbers in the urine suggest that the body struggles hard with any infection. So, the causes of leukocyturia in children can be:

• inflammation of urinary tract (bladder, ureter). The child will have a violation of urination frequency;
• pyelonephritis - infectious inflammation of the kidneys of bacterial nature, accompanied by the body and pain in the lower back;
• pending leukocytes in urine from outdoor genital organs when they are inflammation. An example may be vulvovaginitis in girls;
• allergic reaction. Eosinophils - a variety of leukocytes that react to the appearance of allergen. Therefore, with an allergic reaction, their number will be increased, which can slightly affect urine analysis.

In the case of the detection of the number of leukocytes in the urine, not stacked up to normal, you should not panic ahead of time. Perhaps urine was incorrectly collected. In order to avoid an inappropriate result, the study should be carefully prepared for the collection of biological fluid.

Preparing for urine analysis

In order to properly collect urine, it is important to follow the rules.

1. Urine is collected in the morning after awakening. This is important, since it is after sleep that it is more concentrated and allows you to more accurately appreciate the work of our organism systems.
2. It is important to prepare a sterile container for collecting material. It will depend on the age of the child. If he is already big and can independently control the act of urination, it is enough for him to make a sterile dry container or buy a special container in a pharmacy. If the child is still small for this, urination should be used, which can also be purchased in pharmacies. They are described in detail how to use them.
3. Before urination it is necessary to hold the toilet of external genital organs, Preferably with soap, without the use of fragrances.
4. Before collecting urine somewhere during the day, it is advisable not to use coloring substances, for example, a swamp. This can confuse doctors when analyzing.

Process for collecting analysis and transportation

As already mentioned above, urine collection can only be carried out in a sterile container or urination. It is not recommended to use a plastic pot, as the result of the number of leukocytes may be distorted due to the use of cleaning agents.

The squeezing of diapers or pellery is not allowed, since these items do not have sterility, and diapers contain absorbing substances, gels that thus fall into the urine.

Ideally, the first portion of urine is to lower in the toilet and to study the middle part of the dedicated fluid.

After collecting urine, it is important to deliver it to the laboratory for research as soon as possible. You have 2 hours for it. After the expiration of this time, the growth of microorganisms occur, which will lead to no accurate results of the analysis.

Assigned to re-pass the analysis - why?

Most often, this can be with an abnormally high number of leukocytes. But you should not be afraid and wind yourself ahead of time.

Doctors write off this to incorrect training for research, especially due to not holding the toilet organs of the urogenital system.

With a re-assembly of urine, pay more thorough attention to all the moments.

Leukocyte levels in the urine can be defined in several ways.

First - Routine Methodin which leukocyte count is carried out with a microscopic urine precipitate after centrifugation. The result can be recorded as follows:

• single cells in sight;
• the exact number of cells in the field of view (5 - 10, 10 - 15) is listed;
• complete - all field vision is filled with leukocytes.

The next method of counting leukocytes - urine analysis in Nechiphenko. This method is aimed at identifying the exact number of erythrocytes and leukocytes per 1 ml of urine.

Normally in children, the number of leukocytes counted in Nechiporenko is: the boys - 2000, in girls - 4000.

There is another way of counting leukocytes - method of Kakovsky Addis. In this way, the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes in the daily urine is considered. Normally, the number of leukocytes counted in this way will be 2,000,000.

Increased leukocytes in the urine in the child indicate the presence of a pathological process in the body. However, it is worth thinking about whether the analysis was correctly assembled and whether all the terms of the collection were observed. It is not necessary to diagnose ahead of time and all the more without a consultation with the doctor.

Leukocytes - White Blood Tales - are needed to ensure the protective function of the body, the fight against alien agents. For this, their presence in the blood is necessary. But what does the presence of leukocytes speak in other analyzes?

In a standard urine analysis form, there is a string to indicate the number of detected leukocytes, but it is considered that in the normal cells in the urine should not be. Their presence is an indicator of the inflammatory process.

Leukocytes are always present in human blood, even against absolute health. But if inflammation occurs or the body wishes to get rid of the foreign bodies, their number increases. Therefore, leukocytes is an important diagnostic factor in any survey.

Leukocyte levels can change during the day. It depends on physical activity, climate, and even from the type of food eaten.

Therefore, for the accuracy of the analyzes carried out and to exclude possible external influences, the analysis is assumed only in the morning, an empty stomach, and on the eve of it is desirable to exclude sharp and severe food for assimilation.

What tests are needed and how to pass them?

It is possible to determine the leukocytes in the urine according to the standard clinical analysis of urine. But there are other techniques to carry out more accurate diagnosis in suspected of a disease.

Permissible regulations of leukocytes in the urine

Leukocytes should not be in the urine. Their presence is a consequence of inflammatory processes in the kidneys or urinary tract. The analysis helps in the diagnosis of cystitis, pyelonephritis and other similar diseases, leukocytes fall into urine and as a result of protracted ARVIs, some infectious diseases.

However, leukocytes may be in the urine and due to poor hygienic preparation for the analysis of the analysis, as they are present on the mucous membrane of the external genital organs. Therefore, a small amount of leukocytes in the urine is permissible.

For boys of preschool and younger school age, the level of leukocytes 0-2 in the field of view (with a microscopic examination), for girls - 1-6 in the field of view. If a child at the time of collecting urine was observed any allergic reaction, allow leukocyte levels to 7 in sight.

For breasts, due to the immaturity of the mucous and complex period of adaptation of the body of the Baby to the conditions of the outside world, it is allowed to preserve up to 6-8 leukocytes in the field of view.

In adolescents, the number of leukocytes in the urine is approaching adult standards: 0-3 for young men and 0-5 for girls.

Urine collection rules for analysis

Insufficient hygiene or incorrect urine collection can lead to erroneous diagnosis.

In order for the analysis to be reliable, it is important to comply with some rules:

• The analysis is collected by the morning portion of urine, it is the most concentrated.
• Before analyzing a child, especially the girl, you need to be flushed, but it is not recommended to use soap, or it is necessary to wash all the traces of soap foam well (and this is not always possible). Therefore, it is better to wash the baby with soap on the day before, and in the morning to use only warm water.
• Collection of urine in completely small children usually causes many difficulties.

Methods of collecting

• The most worst way to "invented" by parents is the squeezing of urine from diaper.

At the same time, it is not always possible to "remove" the desired portion of urine, and the impurities of the gel laying of the diaper interfere with the determination of urine density. In addition, the diaper itself serves as a kind of filter for some components, including leukocytes.

• Transfusion from the pot - the method is more correct.

But at the same time it is important to ensure the potty pot in advance and rinse it well after using detergents.

• The most correct method of collection is: fixing a glass container to collect urine to the body of a kid delicate children's plaster, additionally, to provide a container of the desired position, you can wear a larger diaper card.

Breasts usually piss at the time of awakening, so you can prepare until the baby sleeps, bring a glass to the urinary organs, and then wake it up and at this moment "catch" the desired portion of urine.

Leukocytes can fall into urine due to chemical irritation of uretera. Therefore, in a day or two before the analysis, it is not recommended to give a child carbonated drinks, sharp food, pickles.

General Clinical Analysis and Nechiporenko

The overall clinical analysis of urine is collected by the whole morning portion, from the first to the last drop (if possible). But to clarify some diagnoses, the doctor may appoint another analysis - urine analysis in Nechiphenko.

For this analysis, only the average portion of urine is taken, and the leukocyte level is determined in the resulting sediment. Non-Corphenko analysis rate - 2000-4000 leukocytes in 1 ml of urine.

If the doctor suspects leukocytes in the urine due to insufficient hygiene, or in case of inflammatory diseases of the external genital organs, urine collection can be assigned using a catheter. This procedure is carried out in a hospital.

For collection, special children's catheters of small diameter are used, not traumatic child. But it is important that parents psychologically prepared a baby to the manipulations carried out so that the hospital situation and the actions of the nurse did not scare a small patient.

There are other specific types of analyzes based on the study of portions of daily urine.

What can the elevated level of leukocytes in the urine in the child?

Leukocytouria (increased content of leukocytes in the urine) indicates the presence of an internal inflammatory process. This may be chronic or acute kidney disease, urinary tract infection, some systemic or endocrine diseases.

It is important that leukocytes may appear in the urine even in the absence of a temperature of the temperature or other signs of the acute process. In this case, the leukocytouria will be the first symptom of developing disease. You need to begin treatment in time until the disease has taken a chronic course and has not led to a serious kidney damage.

A significant increase in leukocytes in the urine may noticeably and without laboratory studies. Water becomes muddy, sometimes there are white flakes, the smell change. This is an extremely disturbing symptom. If you notice such changes, pouring a pot of your child, immediately contact the doctor!

The pediatrician tells how or excludes a diagnosis of leukocyturia, determine the degree of the disease.

Treatment methods

The presence of leukocytes in the urine is not yet diagnosed! To detect the root cause of changes in the composition of the urine, the doctor prescribes additional research: blood tests, ultrasound, x-rays with contrast, and all data are listed in the table.

Only on the basis of a full examination is the final diagnosis and treatment is assigned - individually in each case, taking into account the age of the child and the concomitant diseases.

What else can parents help their child, in addition to complying with the treatment regimen of drugs? There are methods for the prevention of inflammatory urinary tract processes:

• Low salt diet, protein restrictions (coordinate with a doctor!), Exception of sharp dishes.
• It is important to strengthen the child's immunity in order to minimize the ORVI and flu and influenza disease capable of allowing complications on the kidneys.

But it is important to remember that sports associated with cooling or high physical voltage such children are not shown. That is, it is better to choose not swimming and not a power struggle, but it is suitable for classes in the group of OFP, football, volleyball, gymnastics.

• An important prevention of cystitis will be correctly selected for the season.

Choose bright accessories and fashionable, but the elongated jacket so that the child does not hesitate to wear them, felt comfortable, and at the same time he retained his health.

• With the prophylactic goal you can use herbal teas.

But their composition and dosage should be discussed with the attending physician. It is also possible to use herbal beams for baths or when washed.

Special attention should be paid to high leukocytes in the urine of the first year of life. This symptom can talk about the narrowing of the blade, stinging urine or its reroxse (reflux).

Despite the gentle age of the child, it is important to pass with him all the appointed surveys, without hoping that the kid will turn out a difficult period. Although with the growth of the baby, the formation of mucous membranes and changing the position of the ureters, the problem really sometimes leaves. But only a doctor can estimate the degree of threat (or its absence).

The detection of leukocytes in the urine of the child can talk about the presence of an inflammatory process, even if there are no other signs of the disease. This alarm should be taken carefully. But for reliable diagnostics, it is necessary to observe all the rules for collecting urine, not neglect hygienic procedures.

Leukocytes - White Blood Taurus are protective cells of the body. Consequently, being discovered in the analysis of urine in increased quantities, they indicate the beginning of the inflammatory process in the zone near the urinary tract.

To find the reasons for this result, the doctor may appoint advice from a profile specialist: a urologist or nephrologist. Possible Causes of elevated leukocytes in the urine in a child conduct in physical overvoltage or insufficient hygiene before surrendering. However, it is impossible to ignore such symptoms, because Chronic diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract are fraught with unpleasant consequences.

First of all, you should specify what value is normal.

Table "Leukocyte rate in the urine in a child"

According to modern criteria in the study by the Nechiphenko method, the norm is less than 4,000, although many sources still give a strictest figure: 2,000 per milliliter.

Similarly, some sources give more stringent numbers and to determine the number of calves in the field of view (n / s) - up to 3-5 in boys and up to 6 - in girls. In most cases, healthy children analyzes show a result of about 2-3 leukocytes in P / s.

Especially important, the definition of the norm is in the diagnosis of violations in children, because Physiologically, the content of white Taurus in the urine of the child is somewhat higher than in an adult.

The rate of infant rate varies on sources, however, it is worth noting that the doctors pay close attention to any excess of the threshold in 3 leukocyte units in the field of view.

Probable causes of increased leukocyte content

In the laboratory practice, the occurrence of leukocyturia (the appearance of white calves in the urine) is largely largely the most common violation. The very fact of the presence of leukocytes in the urine is not necessarily a consequence of inflammation, even if the upper limit of the norm is exceeded.

However, the most common cause of exceeding the urinary tract infection. Violations, noticeable on analysis, may be a consequence:

It is worth staying at several items of this list.

First, infections.

Causes can be different. Most often, urinating pathways in girls are infected because of the shorter "path", which must be overcome by bacteria. In this case, the specialist prescribes additional analysis to the conditionally pathogenic microflora to determine the causative agent of the infectious disease.

Secondly, non-compliance with the rules for collecting.

With not careful torture, the result may exceed the valid order. Registered the excess of the norm to 50 leukocytes in the P / s due to bad hygiene.

In addition, often parents can not do without additional containers, which are almost impossible to completely sterilize.

Of course, to make a breast or even a one-year-old child to go to the toilet in a tiny container and "on request" is quite difficult. However, you should not use the pot.

To facilitate the collection of analyzes, there are special urebols who are gently attached to the stomach and groin of the baby hypoallergenic adhesive strip. In the extreme case, you can use a heated jar or a saucer (in the case of a girl).