Signs related to the facial fabric. Facial and Painted Fabric Side

Methodical development lesson "Determination of the facial and irons of the materials. Properties of tissues." The lesson is built on the principles of systemism, sequence in the training and application of the knowledge gained in practice. The lesson creates problem situations that allow students to independently solve problems. New knowledge gained is fixed during the business game "Atelier".

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school №22 Vladivostok"

Methodical development

Subject: Definition of the facial and irons of the material.

Properties of fabrics.

Completed: Teacher "Technology"

MBOU "SOSH № 22"

Vladivostok

MOSPAN I.V.

Vladivostok 2015

Lesson plan.

Subject. Facial and auto fabric side. Properties of fabrics.

Pr. Working: Study of fabric properties. Delova Game "Atelier"

Objectives lesson:

  • introduce students with the basic properties of the tissue, teach to determine the facial and irons of the fabric;
  • develop spatial performance, performing skills;
  • put the skills of accuracy;
  • correction of attention, thinking, visual memory.

Type of lesson: combined.

Materials and tools:tutorial, workbook, tissue samples, glue, scissors, hand needles, threads.

During the classes

  1. Organizing time.

A) verification of those present;

B) checking readiness for lesson

  1. Repeat material passed.
  1. What section are we studying with you now?
  2. What is called wool?
  3. What is called a rune?
  4. What is called raw silk?
  5. How to determine the facial fabric with a printed pattern?
  6. How to determine the facial side of the smooth cloth?
  1. Studying a new material.

Girls, please look carefully on your fabric samples. What methods can still identify the facial fabric.

- Do you have difficulty?

- What do you think we are talking aboutat the lesson?

- - True, let's get to the lesson for receiving new knowledge and formulate the topic of our current lesson "Facial and auto fabric side. Properties of fabrics

(Question class)

What do you think. Why do the guys do we need to know this?

(Students are offered various options Replies, the teacher asks, the necessity, leading questions, gives some comments,)

Message of new material (+ p / r)

Facial and irons.

The cloth - textile cloth Made on weaving machine.

The fabric consists of two intertwined threads located perpendicularly. The system of threads running along the tissue are calledthe basis , and the system of threads located across the fabric -duck .

The surface of the fabric depends on the features of the tissue finishes.

And now, take in the hands of the fabric samples, and look carefully at them ...

Signs of definition of facialand Pour Fabric Pide(§3, p.15-16)

  • Printable.Fabric with printed pattern drawing on the front side of the fabric is brighter and clear.
  • On the surface. In smooth painted fabrics, the front side is smoother, and the wrong one is more durable. To determine the fluffy, it must be considered at the level of the eye.
  • By drawing of weaving weave. In the tissues of the sarrenchy, on the front side, the rutter goes up and left to the right.
  • In shine. For example, satin fabric is more brilliant than satin.
  • Accuracy. The number of nodules, looping, the ends of the torn threads on the front side are less than with the wrong one.
  • Park. On the front side of the velvet or Velvet a long pile. On the involving side, the surface is smooth or a pork short. In Drapah, the pile is located more ordered NM facial side, and the wrong side has a slightly non-accurate appearance.
  • On the edge. At the edges of the fabric at the edge there are punctures. On the front side, the fabric in places of punctures is more convex.
  • Mixed fabrics. Finishing threads are removed on the front side. For example, in the passage, the brilliant metallized thread-lobster is removed on the front side.

Distinguish one-sided and double-sided tissue. Remember that the definition of the facial and the wrong side is playing important role With cutting clothes.

In one-sided tissues, the facial and auto side differ sharply from each other. In double-sided tissues, this difference is practically imperceptible, i.e. And the other parties can be used with string.

Question. What does the correct definition of the face of the material affect the correctness of the facial side of the material?

From the nature of the facial face of the fabric depend:

Appointment;

Exterior of the product;

Processing in the manufacture of the product

Properties of fabrics.

Girls, on the past lesson, we fulfilled with you to create models of clothing from various materials.

Question. When performing work, you encountered any difficulties?What questions arose?

In order not to make a mistake in choosing a fabric for the manufacture of any product, you must be able to correctly identify the properties with which they possess. Fabric properties affect the choice of model and product processing.

The main properties of tissues include mechanical, physical and technological.

Table 2.

Study of the properties of woolen and silk fabrics

Name of the properties of fabrics

Characteristics of fabric properties

From silk

From wool

Mechanical properties

Strength

Crimprint

Drapery

Wear resistance

Physical properties

Heat protection

Gigroscopic

Dust

Technological properties

Slip

Syspability

Shrinkage

Table Fills Using Material(§3, p.16-17 and pr. worker. 18-19)

  • Mechanical properties Determine how fabric belongs to the action of external forces.

Strength - The ability of the tissue to resist the rupture. This is one of the important properties affecting the quality of the fabric.

Crimprint - The ability of the tissue during compression and pressure to form folds.

Drapery - The ability of the fabric when it is hanging, descending with soft rounded folds. It is not by chance that the curtains and the curtains on the windows are called draperies.

Wear resistance- the ability of the tissue to withstand the action of friction, stretching, bending, compression, moisture, light, sun, temperature, sweat, etc.; Depends on the strength of the fibers of the fabric.

  • Physical properties - Properties aimed at preserving human health.

Heat shield properties- the ability of the tissue to maintain the heat of the human body; Depends on the composition, thickness and type of fabric finishing.

Gigroscopic - Fabric ability to absorb moisture.

Dust - The ability of the tissue to hold dust and other contaminants.

  • Technological properties - Properties appearing in the fabric in the process of manufacturing the product, ranging from the cutting and ending with the WTO.

Slip - It can occur when the fabrics are cut and the stratification and depends on the smoothness of the tissues and the type of their weave.

Syspability - It is that the threads are not held in open sections of the material and slip, they are trembling, forming a fringe.

Shrinkage - Reducing the size of the tissue under the action of heat and moisture depends on the composition of the fiber, structure and finishes.

Now, receiving new knowledge will continue the work on the creation of models of clothing.

  1. Sequence of execution

Laboratory and practical work

Teacher

I suggest you become experts in our laboratory to study the properties of fibers and tissues. We will conduct research to define the properties of Sheochel and wool

The teacher introduces students with the equipment with which they will work in class

Teacher

In this lesson, you will use the following laboratory equipment:

  • loupes - to study the appearance,
  • porcelain cup- for burning,
  • tongs, to take hot dishes or hot materials,
  • needle with thread, scissors, needle.

So you need to remember and performsafety Rules.

1. Dangers in work:

· Damage fingers needle

· Hand injury with scissors;

· Eye injury.

2. What you need to do before the start of work:

· Put the tools and devices to the place allotted for them.

3. What you need to do while working:

It is forbidden to start work without the permission of the teacher.
- To carefully listen to all instructions of the teacher when conducting research.
- Workplace contain in order.

· Be attentive;

Write the needles and pins only in the needle;

Put the scissors to the right with closer blades directed from themselves;

Transmit scissors only with closed blades and rings forward.

4. What you need to do at the end of work:

Remove work

Teacher

Start a study. All research results must be recorded in a notebook to properly conclude about the divided work.

Instructions for performing work are distributed.

ACTION PLAN

Condition: observing an action plan.

1 . Fill in Table 1 "Distinctive features of fibers." (Lesson number 1)

2 Requisitive Table 2 "

Laboratory work number 2. Study of the properties of natural woolen and silk fabrics

Materials and tools: Samples of natural and woolen fabrics, tutorial, workbook, hand needle, thread.

Introductory instruction teacher:

Sequence of work.

  • Determine the strength of the tissue.
  • Determine the fermentation woolen fabric and natural silk fabric
  • Determine the drapeness First woolen, and then silk fabric.
  • Describe the nature of the fabric surface (smoothness, shine), make a conclusion about theirslide
  • Determine sucking Fabric, taking out the thread with a needle, first one, two, three together, etc.
    Easy-saving fabric - Without efforts, 5 threads immediately took place.

Average appeal - 3 - 4 threads immediately.
Do not hang out - One thread was taken out with difficulty.

  • Subscribe your observations in the working notebook in the form of a table.

3. Determine the facial fabric.

4 . Business game "Atelier"

Business game "Atelier"

Condition: All work is performed in the team, consistently,observing work.

Progress:

  1. Come up with the name of the studio.
  2. Distribute roles:

Customer-

  • By sight
  • For appointment: casual or elegant,

Technologist-

Designer

  1. Inclusion of a new knowledge in the knowledge system (7 min)

Teacher

Now, as a rule, blended fabrics are used, i.e. synthetic fibers add to woolen and silk fibers and then tissue with new properties that give the shrinkage under the sock are easier and clean and clean.

Guys. Representation of clothing care messages. (homework)

  1. Analysis and estimate of the lesson.

What's new you learned in the lesson.

Will you know the knowledge and skills obtained today in the lesson in everyday life?

Complete the phrase:

I understand that….

I learned…

I was surprised ...

I wanted….

  1. Results and evaluation of completed work.

Thank you all for fruitful work. I hope you liked the lesson.

You listened carefully new Material, answered questions, conducted research. You interconnected and self-controlled work performed, analyzed their mistakes.

Everyone saw how much learned the topic of today's lesson.

  1. Homework.
  • § 3, p. 15-20;
  • Creative task -Pick up riddles, proverbs, sayings about tissues.

Designed on landscape sheets preferably with drawings ..

  • Repeat the device sewing machine (Grade 5)
  • Bring: Fabric x / b 15 * 15 cm, threads, scissors, Machine needle №90
  1. Cleaning jobs

Lesson "Tissue Properties"

Sequence of performance

Condition: All work is performed in the team, consistently,observing an action plan.

1. Fill in Table 1 "Distinctive features of fibers."

2. Fill Table 2 "Study of the properties of woolen and silk fabrics "

3. Determine the facial fabric.

4. Business game "Atelier"

Business game "Atelier"

Condition: All work is performed in the team, consistently,observing work.

Progress:

  1. Come up with the name of the studio.
  2. Distribute roles:

Customer- it comes to the studio with his cloth and expresses the wish about what product he would like to sew.

  • By sight : dress, sundress, blouse, skirt, coat, vest or other ....
  • For appointment: casual or elegant,

Sports, spectacular (for the participants of the carnival, artists of the theater) or other ... ..

Technologist- determines and calls the main properties of tissues (Table 1.2). Makes a conclusion: "Is this tissue suitable for the desired product"

Designer in accordance with the presented technologists of the fabric properties offers the customer a style of the product.

3. Protection of work (the model sketch is presented, the proposed fabric, the performance of the participants in the game in accordance with distributed roles).


Definition of facial face.

To determine the facial side of the fabric, it is primarily necessary to find out what is the type of weave the threads in this tissue. After all, the fabric consists of two systems of threads intertwined at right angles: longitudinal threads - bases and transverse - duck.

The main weaves are linen, diagonal or twenty, satin or satin. Linen weave is the most common. In this case, one duck thread overlaps one base thread. This interlacing has the same surface on both sides. Sitz, bosses, most laid fabrics, dresses made of natural and artificial silk, wool are produced with such a weave. The front side of the smooth-colored tissues with linen is considered the one that looks cleaner, better finished, has less gun. In the printed fabrics on the front side the picture is applied.

Diagonal, or a sanches, forms a strip on the tissues (Rubber). At the same time, the weave one thread of the duck overlaps two or three filaments of the base or vice versa. With such a weave, cashmere, boston, chevot, lining sarza, etc. are produced. Single weaving fabrics with strolling in the opposite direction sometimes give a grade. The front side in these fabrics will be the one where the rutter goes down to the left up right.

In satin, or satin weave, the fabric has a smooth, shiny surface. In such a weave of satina, one thread of a duck overlaps from 4 to 8 threads of the base, atlas on the contrary - one thread of the base overlaps from 4 to 8 yarns. The front side of the fabrics is brilliant, and the wrong one is matte.

In addition to the above-mentioned types of weave, there are other derivatives of them, as well as combined.

Determination of equity and transverse threads.

Properties of equity and transverse threads are different. The equity threads give a greater shrinkage than transverse. It is caused by the fact that the filaments of the base with weavion are tightly tight, and the filaments are free to go freely. Therefore, getting under the action of moisture and steam, the filaments of the foundations acquire their original position, that is, the filament of the duck is enveloped, and the tissue in length is reduced (sits). The fabric shrinkage is deliberate, providing a positive effect - this is the so-called decatting. With random effect on the failed fabric, the product also gives shrinkage, but this is a negative phenomenon.

Some techniques for determining the equity and transverse thread: the equity thread goes along the edge; In the sample on the stretching, the equity thread is almost not stretched, but transverse more stretch; On the fabric with a wrapal of nosch, in most cases is located on the equity thread; In the sample on the clearance it is clear that the equity threads lie more evenly.

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Section: Materials Science

Theme lesson 1: "Getting fabric. Definition of fabric face"

Type of lesson: developing, combined, dual.

  • Teach to determine the facial and irons of the fabrics;
  • Teach to determine the threads of the base and duck, study the properties of the threads;
  • Form the concepts of the process of obtaining tissues;
  • Expand the idea of \u200b\u200bthe properties of flax and cotton fabrics;
  • Develop mental abilities, ability to analyze, compare;
  • Empty independence, creative activity.

Training methods: conversation, clearly illustrative, gaming, practical work.

Equipment and materials: textbook, notebook, collection of fabrics, vintage guns for the production of fabrics (spicy, spiner), puppet theater, fabric samples, magnifiers, scissors, PVA glue.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment: Psychological attitude of students to work, checking students' readiness for lesson, message topic of lesson and goals.

II. Check your homework. Actualization of knowledge.

Frontal survey on previously studied material, with elements of dialog communication.

1) What does science study "Material Science"?

  1. What is called fiber?
  2. What is called "textile fiber"?
  3. What class do fibers share on their origin?
  4. What types of natural fibers do you know?
  5. What are the representatives of plant fibers?

III. Check your homework. In accordance with the homework, the class is divided into groups and students must write fairy tales, where the main characters have the properties of "studied fibers". Its works must be submitted to puppet Theater. When preparing homework, research is carried out related to the study of flax and cotton properties, so after presenting the fairy tale, it is advisable to ask a question:

What new did you find out about the properties of the fabrics?

1. Studying a new material. (conversation)

The fabric man uses from ancient times. Looking into history, you can trace the path of the fabric.

Tell me, what was the first man's clothes?

Estimated answer:

The first man's clothing was made of animal skins, leaves and grass stems woven among themselves.

But this clothing was short-lived and uncomfortable.

The desire to make your suit is beautiful, convenient and practical, the development of human abilities prompted people to think. And finally, people have learned to make fabric. The basis for the production of tissue steel fibers.

Word "Fiber" Fastened to the board.

What is "fiber"?

Fiber is -

And how to make a cloth from individual fibers?

Connect individual fibers in the thread, and then make fabric.

Fibers, connected thread called yarn.

Word "yarn" Fastened to the board.

Yarn - thin, long thread made of separate fibers, by twisting them . (Record the definition in the notebook)

The process of obtaining yarn from threads is called spinning

Word "spinning" Attach on the board.

As a result of spinning received a thread.

Word "a thread" Fastened to the board.

Historical information:

Over the centuries, the only device for obtaining yarn was crest and spindle. The comb was inserted into the hole of the bench, tied the "Cudel", combed fibers to it, the fibers were twisted with one hand in the thread, and the other this thread was wound on the spindle.

For the first time, the girl met with Verhener at birth, she was cut by the umbilical cord on Verhener, in order to tickle to the needlework;

The first-sighted mother of the girl kept the mother to the girl's wedding, and then tied it with this thread, as she was considered a powerful faith;

The first gift of the bride groom was beautifully decorated with carvings or painting. Make her bridegroom should have done himself.

So, attention to the board: we have "Yarn", "fiber", "a thread".

What can you get from all this?

- The cloth.

Word "Tan.b "attached to the board.

The fabric is a material that is made on a weaving machine, by interlacing the threads. The process of obtaining tissue is called "Weaving".

Word "weaving" Fastened to the board.

Work at the board:

Task: Arrange the words so that they show the path (sequence) of the fabric, and connect them by arrows.

The fabric preparation circuit is recorded in the notebook.

Two threads participate in the formation of the fabric. Stretched on the thread machine running along the entire canvases and are called basic. They are long and durable, because they are impregnated with a special composition. The filaments of the foundations are intertwined with the help of shuttle threads, walking along the web. These threads are called weekly.These threads are short, less durable. Outlifting fabric edges are called - edge.

Demonstration.

Defining the filament of the base.

The principles are determined by the following features:

1) on the edge;

2) according to the degree of stretching;

3) by sound;

4) by reproach;

Signs of determining the filaments of the base are recorded in the notebook.

The filaments of the fabric are intertwined in a definite order. The most common type of weave - pOLINE.

Demonstration.

With the help of a magnifying glass, samples of fabric having linen weave are considered.

In the linen weave the threads alternate through one. This weave is used to generate cotton fabrics (sitherium, hawk, mitskal, batter, etc.)

IV. Organizational moment: Psychological attitude of students to work.

V. Fixing the studied material.

Practical work "Definition in the tissue of the bases and duck"

Vi. Studying a new material. (continued, conversation)

All fabrics have facial and irons, smooth, unusable edges, the same width along the entire length of the fabric, bright pattern on the front side. There should be no spots and other flaws on the fabric. If there are defects on the fabric, then before starting work, they must be allocated in chalk.

Demonstration.

Signs of definition of the facial face.

  1. bright, clear drawing;
  2. smooth surface;
  3. the pile fabric has a smooth pile.

VII. Fastening the material studied.

Practical work "Determination of the facial and inside fabric"

VIII. Actualization of knowledge. (conversation on questions)

  1. What is the name of the process, as a result of which yarn is obtained from the fibrous mass?
  2. What thread call the main?
  3. What thread is called clarification?
  4. Name the properties of the main and wearing threads.
  5. According to the textbook, tell us about the stages of the production of fabric.
  6. What is the edge?
  7. How is the facial and auto side of the fabric determined?

IX. Homework: 2, Create a crossword with a keyword "spinning".

By purchasing a cloth for sewing any product before proceeding with the cutting, it is very important to accurately determine the involve and the front side of the web. However, it is not always possible enough. The canvas can look completely equally from all sides, but notice the shortcomings in his appearance And it is possible to understand that you started sewing from the wrong way, it is possible only when the product is ready.

How to determine the "face" of the fabric?

In textiles, there is a tendency to produce bilateral tissues, which are absolutely no different on both sides. They are called two-chain. This is quite convenient, because then the need to determine the outstand before sewing the product disappears. But it is rather an exception than the rule. If the material you choose does not apply to such a type, then you need to remember the seven simple basic rules that will be prompted to you, where there is an insular side of the fabric:

  1. Climbing the fabric and to roughly calculate its facial part can still be during the purchase. Carefully consider the roll and how the rolling your chosen canvas. Most fabrics, for example, silk and woolen, roll facial side Inspire, to protect the "face" from damage, fading, the appearance of unnecessary defects. Cotton canvas, on the contrary, rolling with an insane inward.
  2. Having bought a fabric with an inflicted pattern, the question of determining the wrong will disappear almost immediately. Decaying it in such a way that the exhaust and face can be visible, you will notice that the print on such a canvase will be much brighter and more clear from the face. If you are still not sure, then take the fabric to the touch. On the front side it will be smooth, with a flat pile and a light reflections. On the involving - slightly duffled and dull.
  3. By the same principle, you can define some fabrics for which patterns and patterns are applied by piercing the web with an inside on the face: from the front side by spending on the knocked outfit, you can feel light irregularities, bulges.
  4. In the mixture tissues, the wrong side looks less neat and with a detailed consideration you can see that it has much more roughness, barely noticeable nodules, uneven weaves, thickened threads and other weaving defects. On the front side, the material is gloss by gloss, glitter, exceptionally expensive threads and neat weave.
  5. In satin and satin tissues, due to the special interlacing from the front side, they are characteristic of brilliant, smooth, very soft and pleasant to the touch. From the wrong side, the product is a bit rough, with a capacious druising, matte, and the color of the canvas, even without a drawing applied on it, much more dull.
  6. On the edge of the tissue and on puncture on it, it is also possible to easily determine the facial side of the material. In this production, it is punctured by pins with an offline outward, while the finished canvase remains characteristic notes. So the person can be determined on holes that will be convex on the one hand, and with an inside - concave. On the edge you can see colored threads that are absent from the inside.
  7. It is also important to look at the presence of embroidery on the edge. In such places, the manufacturer inflicts the name of the company, fabric or the list of materials that are part of the canvas. Such embroidery is visible exclusively with the front side of the canvas.

It is not difficult to determine the involve side, you just need to look at the details. In some cases, if you deal with monophonic tissues without prints, it plays not such a big role. Over the front, you can take the one that seems to you the highest quality. In the future, it is important not to be confused only in the manufacture of product details.

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