How to determine the content of precious metals in the car. The use of noble metals in automotive parts

In cars, precious metals are present in contacts, relays, fuses and catalysts. The amount of precious metals in a car depends on the year of manufacture, manufacturer and model. These metals were used to provide high quality contacts and relays.

The most commonly used are gold, silver, platinum and cadmium. Resistance to corrosion and oxidation makes them indispensable not only in our country, but also abroad. Many well-known companies continue to plate copper contacts with gold and silver, achieving reliability and durability in this way.

New materials have appeared that are used simultaneously with noble ones. The percentage depends on the specific brand of car and manufacturer. They will be used in the automotive industry for a long time to come. It just doesn't make sense to completely abandon them.

Advantages

Noble metals in automotive parts have many advantages that make them in demand and popular. As a rule, much more noble metals were used in domestic trucks than in passenger models.

If, for example, in the VAZ-1111 only 3.5 gr. silver, then in MAZ 101 and other models 51 gr. In KAMAZ, compared to only 14 gr. Among the main advantages that attract attention:

reliability;
durability;
wear resistance;
plastic.

They do not rust, oxidize, break, and conduct electricity well. Gold, palladium and platinum are less than one gram. Most of the technical silver was used to make contacts and terminals for relays, switches and switches. Each manufacturer used and now uses a certain amount of precious metals.

Recycling

Automobile contacts and relays, despite the high quality due to the use of precious metals, eventually lose their characteristics and need to be replaced. If gold or silver retains its properties, insulation or sockets may wear out.

Therefore, sooner or later, the wiring is sent for recycling, where silver and gold are mined from it. Cadmium is found most of all in catalysts. The quantity depends on the model and the specific manufacturer.

All silver and other precious metals that are on the contacts are separated from other metals by a chemical method. You can even extract it yourself if you get the simplest tools and have certain knowledge of chemistry.

Modern refineries have all the necessary equipment to extract all the precious metals found in automotive parts. Recycling significantly saves natural resources. Makes noble metals cheaper and more accessible for technical use.

After that, they are melted down into ingots, strips, strips or wires and sent back to the factories for reuse. Terminals are again made of technical silver or gold, contacts are coated, used to make components for car electrical equipment.

The issue of recycling used vehicles, as well as details, is relevant for both organizations and individuals.

Recyclable vehicle contains many valuable components, such as , and .

About which ones, how many of them and where are they concentrated will be discussed in this article.

The main precious metals contained in the parts of vehicles such as KAMAZ 4308 are gold and silver, as well as platinum, rhodium, palladium and iridium.

The table below shows some information available on the content of precious metals in Soviet-made cars according to the "List of motor vehicle products containing precious metals" dated 24.02.2000.

As can be seen from the presented data, the most significant content in terms of the total mass of the car is silver:

Vehicle name	The content of metals in the composition of automotive parts, g
Vehicle name	gold	silver	platinum	platinum group metals
Freight
GAZ-3310	0,4461	9,7419		0,0476
GAZ-3309	0,0407	9,0241	—	0,0476
MAZ-5440	0,4461	9,7419	—	0,0476
KAMAZ-4308	0,00849	14,9881	—	0,0434
Cars
VAZ-24	0,00764	5,46485	0,08674	—
VAZ-2106, 2103	0,02263	5,1229	—	0,005

Gold and silver

Gold and silver are usually found in cars as part of electronics components:

relay sockets, thermostats (silver);
sensors for measuring the fuel level (silver);
diodes (silver and gold);
contacts (gold);
voltage regulators (silver);
switches (ignition locks)/switches (silver);
wipers (silver).

In modern cars, these metals contained in the microcircuits and monitors of on-board computers, which make up the control and navigation system of the car.

Platinum group elements

Metals platinum group, namely, platinum-palladium-rhodium systems, as a rule, are contained in the composition of engine catalysts.

With the improvement in the quality of engines, the amount of rhodium decreased from 18% to 9-10% of the total mass of metals.

When improving engines the amount of rhodium decreased from 17-20% to 9-11% of the total mass of platinoids.

When using ternary platinoid systems, usually platinum is in the largest amount, its content is 300-1000 mcg/kg, palladium - 200-800 mcg/kg, rhodium - in the range from 50 to 100 mg/kg.

Precious metals in automotive catalysts

As mentioned above, modern catalysts include platinum, palladium, and rhodium. In addition, in the automotive industry in Germany and the UK for the manufacture of automotive catalysts widely used iridium.

In many cases, the catalysts of machines produced in these mills are sorted separately as potentially containing this precious metal.

Waste enrichment methods

To solve the problems of processing automotive components containing precious metals, use hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods.

The source for processing (in the case of a catalyst) contains a large amount of ceramic support and a small concentration of the precious metal.

When processing waste radio electronics the source is scrap components containing, as a rule, particles of plastics in their composition.

The task of recycling automotive parts is to obtain semi-finished products suitable for recycling.

Hydrometallurgical method for extracting precious metals consists of the following main steps:

primary leaching of waste with mixtures of acids, the composition of which depends on the qualitative and quantitative content of precious metals in the source, at temperatures above 100 °C;
repeated washing of the acid-insoluble carrier with water;
drying the semi-finished product at 200 °C and calcining at temperatures of about 600 °C.

Examples of using the hydrometallurgical method enrichment during the processing of catalysts for Mercedes-Benz, Honda, Volvo cars based on platinoids presented in patent 2209843 "Method for the extraction of platinum metals from autocatalysts" Shipacheva V.A. 2008.

When using the pyrometallurgical method, waste processing takes place in next few steps:

Crushing feedstock and sorting its particles by size.
Preparation of the initial mixture.
Melting of the crushed product at a temperature of 3000 °C in a plasma-arc furnace with the formation of melts of precious metals, ceramics and metal carriers.
Periodic draining of molten slags that are stratified due to the difference in the densities of metals and ceramics: the ceramic melt remains at the top, the precious metal melt in the collector metal (iron) is drained from the furnace.
Granulation of liquid melt containing precious metals.

final product granulation, 3-15% enriched with precious metals, is a suitable raw material for refining industries, further separating precious metals with the highest degree of purity.

Examples of processing electronics parts by this method are presented in patent 2521766 "Method of processing electronic scrap" by Senior V.V. from 10.07.2014.

Sale of used catalysts

You can sell used catalysts to a number of companies, associated with refineries contracts for the secondary processing of enriched raw materials received by them.

The scope of activities of such companies includes the purchase of used catalysts from individuals and legal entities, determining which of the platinoids and how much is in them, and their primary processing.

Contacts of these companies are available through websites, it also provides information on the procedure for receiving and paying for the returned catalyst.

Examples of these companies include organizations such as:

Based on the results of the analysis, the value of the transaction is determined. On average, for foreign cars, prices for 1 kg of catalyst vary from 5,000 to 15,000 rubles, depending on the make of car.

Thus, the catalysts of Hummer, Land Rover, Infiniti, Jeep GrandCherokee, Lexus, Mersedes-Benz cars reach the highest cost.

Prices for domestic catalysts are indicated in the region of 1,500 rubles/kg.

Output

Disposal automotive parts for financial gain due to the extraction of noble metals from them in modern conditions is a solvable problem for both legal entities and individuals.

To do this, the customer should contact the appropriate company engaged in the reception, evaluation and primary processing of automotive raw materials in order to obtain concentrates for subsequent fine processing and obtaining high-grade metals or involving them in recycling.

In contact with

Platinum is a precious metal, the high cost and demand for which is ensured by the minimum coefficient of expansion, electrical and thermal conductivity and high strength of the material.

In appearance, this metal resembles, but its price is higher than.

Platinum does not oxidize And not subject to chemical corrosion, stable in acids and alkalis, with the exception of "aqua regia" (a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids) and sulfuric acid when heated, exhibits high catalytic properties.

In this regard, platinum is used in the following industries:

Automotive. 40% of platinum is used for the production of afterburner catalysts, especially in European-made cars.
Jewelry production. 35% of the platinum produced in the world goes to the production of jewelry, which is traditionally valued for its high strength, color quality and brilliance. As a rule, platinum is present in jewelry as an 85% alloy with other platinum group metals, which improves its malleability and ease of processing.
Electronics, medicine. 13% of platinum due to its high electrical conductivity and refractoriness is used for the manufacture of radio electronics microcircuits. It is also used for the manufacture of oxygen sensors in cars, which provide the necessary ratios when mixing fuel and air in engines, are involved in the operation of airbags and climate control. The biocompatibility and chemical inertness of platinum makes it possible to use it for the manufacture of catheters and electrical stimulators.
Chemical industry. 6% of platinum is used to make catalysts for heavy chemical production processes, for example, for the synthesis of nitric acids. Platinum catalysts are integral participants in the processes of isomerization and reforming of oil, which are used to produce high-octane gasoline components.

Platinum contains:

automotive catalysts (see photo);
capacitors;
microcircuits;
generators;
relay;
other details.

Since the automotive and electronics industries are the main industries for platinum consumption, when looking for secondary raw materials for the extraction of this metal, you should first of all pay attention to the devices manufactured by these industrial segments.

Consider details, in which platinum most.

Automotive catalysts

Among automotive catalysts, the following two types can be distinguished:

Based on the classical system platinum-rhodium-. Approximate metal content in parts per million per ton ceramic support is respectively 1470-270-900 for the specified system. The approximate cost of such catalysts is 55 euros for 1 kg.
Platinum-rhodium systems typical of premium car catalysts. The content of platinum in them is about 3000 ppm. The cost of catalysts of this type is estimated at about 70 euros for 1 kg.

Knowing these formulas and the type of part, you can calculate how much platinum is in the car's catalyst.

Capacitors

20% of the total mass of electronic devices are capacitors.

Depending on the type of capacitor, quantity of precious metals, in particular, platinum in capacitors varies, which determines the final cost of the product when it is bought.

Below is capacitor table with marking and characteristic distinguishing features in descending order of the content of platinum in them and, accordingly, the cost:

In this way, most valuable are the H30 capacitors having the highest platinum content.

Other radio components

As for other radio components, platinum is present in:

Relay, namely, the wire and contacts in their composition. Among the most famous relays containing platinum are the RES-9, RES-10 relays.
Electronic lamps.
Devices microwave.
Generators as part of control and measuring equipment (G2-57, GZ-109).
Thermoelectric converters TPR.

We talked in detail about the content of various precious metals in radio components.

Extraction methods from radio components

For the extraction of platinum, the most acceptable from an economic point of view is collector melting method, presented in a number of Russian patents RU 245899, RU 2180011 .

The technology includes the following steps:

Grinding of the original scrap.
Melting of scrap in furnaces in the presence of a collector metal.
Purge the melt with air to form the oxide of the metal collector and the molten platinum concentrate.

The difference in the methods lies in the staging of the processes and the composition of the collector system responsible for the selectivity of the platinum extraction process.

Separation of platinum from electronic waste is also possible and using the hydrometallurgical method.

One of the methods is to use the method of hypochlorite leaching of waste and is presented in patent RU 2244759.

The process is carried out at a certain concentration of hydrochloric acid and active chlorine (alkali metal hypochlorites are the source of chlorine) and a temperature of about 65 ° C, with a ratio of liquid to solid phase of 7:1.

When using this method to process ceramic capacitors degree of purity platinum was about 90%.

Another hydrometallurgical method is presented in patent RU 210339. Waste treated with a mixture of hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide and dimethylformamide(DMF) at a temperature of 100 °C.

As a result of the hydrolytic cleavage of DMF under the conditions used, platinum is reduced, after which DMF is regenerated, and the resulting solution is sent for processing.

In general, both hydrometallurgical and pyrolytic methods can be used to process electrical scrap to recover platinum. The same methods are also recommended for the extraction of metal from spent catalysts.

The selection methods presented above are the result of scientific research fully or partially realized at pilot and industrial production facilities after obtaining the relevant permits for carrying out activities in the framework of the processing of precious metals.

Our site has a separate material dedicated to.

Waste disposal

In order to sell waste electronics and autocatalysts in order to obtain financial benefits due to the presence of platinum in them, both individuals and legal entities need to contact the relevant organizations, engaged in the acceptance, evaluation and processing of electronic and catalytic scrap for refining industries.

Among these organizations:

With the help of such companies it is possible peer review of source material methods of physical and chemical analysis for an objective assessment of the cost of scrap and further professional processing of raw materials.

Summarizing

Thus, spent autocatalytic elements and electrical components containing platinum, are a real source of income, since by now both methods for assessing and classifying the original scrap and methods for its processing have been developed, which can be implemented by certified enterprises when both companies and individuals apply to them.

In contact with

Reference data on the content of precious metals in: URAL-4320. The data is provided from open sources: product passports, formularies, technical literature, technical reference books. The content of precious metals (Precious metals): gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (PGM - palladium, etc.) per 1 piece in grams. Gold: 0.20567 Silver: 7.18168 Platinum: 0.043285 PGM: 0.133656 Note: […]

URAL-43202

Reference data on the content of precious metals in: URAL-43202. The data is provided from open sources: product passports, formularies, technical literature, technical reference books. The content of precious metals (Precious metals): gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (PGM - palladium, etc.) per 1 piece in grams. Gold: 0.042 Silver: 4.922 Platinum: 0.083 PGM: 0 Note: […]

URAL-5557

Reference data on the content of precious metals in: URAL-5557. The data is provided from open sources: product passports, formularies, technical literature, technical reference books. The content of precious metals (Precious metals): gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (PGM - palladium, etc.) per 1 piece in grams. Gold: 0.158 Silver: 4.97 Platinum: 0.04 PGM: 0 Note: […]

EO-3326

Reference data on the content of precious metals in: EO-3326. The data is provided from open sources: product passports, formularies, technical literature, technical reference books. The content of precious metals (Precious metals): gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (PGM - palladium, etc.) per 1 piece in grams. Gold: 0 Silver: 0.79612 Platinum: 0 PGM: 0 Note:

URAL-375

Reference data on the content of precious metals in: URAL-375. The data is provided from open sources: product passports, formularies, technical literature, technical reference books. The content of precious metals (Precious metals): gold, silver, platinum and platinum group metals (PGM - palladium, etc.) per 1 piece in grams. Gold: 0.123 Silver: 3.98518 Platinum: 0 pgm: 0.111 Note: […]

URAL-375

URAL-4320

Reference book of precious metals content in Aviation technical property KM-5 according to technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in the Aviation technical property BA 125 according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in the GAZ-53 car according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book for the content of precious metals in the Cabin 5F20 according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of precious metals content in Aviation technical property UL1-2T according to technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in the Tu-16 aircraft according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in the KAMAZ-55111 car according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in the Aviation technical property IDO-D2-M3S according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in Cabin Neva 125m1 according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in the Tu-134 cabin according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book for the content of precious metals in the ZIL-431411 car according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in the Aviation technical property DOS-3 according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book for the content of precious metals in Aviation technical property MV-1.5 according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in the RAF-2203 car according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of precious metals content in Aviation technical property BU 9V-1T according to technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book for the content of precious metals in the Aviation technical property of K-KGP in accordance with the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in Aviation technical property 1122 BAGD 1 according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book for the content of precious metals in the Cabin esd40 (5e65) according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book of the content of precious metals in the MAZ-5433 car according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

Reference book for the content of precious metals in the ARC-10 Aviation Technical Property according to the technical documentation. The mass of valuable metals in grams is indicated (Gold, silver, platinum, palladium and others).

precious metals

Reference book "Precious metals" on the content in various devices, equipment, components, radio-electronic components.

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How to determine the content of precious metals in the car. The use of noble metals in automotive parts

Gold and silver

Platinum group elements

Precious metals in automotive catalysts

Waste enrichment methods

Sale of used catalysts

Related videos

Output

Automotive catalysts

Capacitors

Other radio components

Extraction methods from radio components

Waste disposal

Summarizing

URAL-43202

URAL-5557

EO-3326

URAL-375

URAL-375

URAL-4320

URAL-4320

precious metals