Outline outline for the world around

Theme: Winter holidays

Target:

to acquaint with the general and different features of the Christmas holiday in Western countries and in Russia (past and present), with the origin and characteristics of the winter New Year holiday

Planned results:

students will learn to identify the peculiarities of the folk customs of the Christmas holiday in the countries of the West and Russia, to understand that the custom of decorating the spruce arose as an attribute of the Christmas holiday, and then became entrenched as New Year's custom, answer reasonably, prove your opinion, analyze, draw conclusions, compare.

During the classes

Org moment

Knowledge update

Individual buildings

Highlight winter folk phenomena.

Trees have buds.Plants are dormant. The squirrel stores food. Birds make nests.The spruce is green. The birch tree has no leaves. Leaves are falling. Flowers are blooming. The fruits are ripe.Green bushes and grasses under the snow.

- Underline the excess plant.

Spruce, pine, cedar pine, juniper. (Juniper shrub).

Juniper, spruce, pine, cedar pine, larch. (Larch - needles fall off)

Frontal poll

Why did we call the spruce a nurse and a protector?

Give examples of invisible threads in a winter forest.

Learning a new topic

Guys, now I will read you a poem, and you guess what holiday the poet is talking about.

Snow sweeps in December

The sun is freezing in the window.

Knock-Knock!

Sign in!

Christmas tree

All covered in snow came to me.

Immediately the house became crowded,

Creepy, fun, wonderful

Like the whole huge forest

I climbed through the window!

S. Kozlov

What holiday is mentioned in this poem?

That's right, it talks about the holiday here New Year.

Who will tell me when we celebrate the New Year?

But you know that not all peoples celebrate the New Year in winter?

Since ancient times, people differently determined the beginning of the year. The ancient Romans began their year in March.

Why did the ancient Greeks choose this particular month?

This month, nature awakens from its winter sleep and begins preparations for work in the fields and in the garden.

And in the old days in Russia, the year began on March 1. Let's find out the history of the time since when in Russia they began to celebrate the New Year in winter.

Open the student to page 27

Winter new year

In ancient times, the time of the winter solstice was called "the birth of a new Sun". At this time, for a long time, many peoples had merry holidays. People rejoiced: after the "birth of the Sun", the long-awaited spring will certainly come.

Over time, the peoples of the West began to celebrate the beginning of the new year after the winter solstice, on the night of December 31 to January 1. And January rose to the first place among brothers-months.

In 1700, the Russian emperor PeterIordered to celebrate the New Year in Russia at the same time. Tai and that order of months was established.

By his decree, PeterIordered to decorate coniferous trees in honor of the New Year's holiday. Since then, Christmas tree auctions (bazaars) have been organized on the squares.

- Who established the celebration of the New Year in Russia in wintertime? (Emperor PeterI)

Does anyone know what the old New Year is?

The Orthodox calendar is 13 days behind the modern one. Many celebrate on the eve of January 14 a holiday with a strange name - the old New Year usually on this day there are people who have been friends since childhood and adolescence. For the first time, many of them celebrate the New Year in a narrow family circle, and the second time with friends.

What is the old New Year? (Orthodox New Year celebration)

New Year is not the only one and, one might say, not main holiday mid-winter. What a wonderful holiday people greet with garland lights, decorated with Christmas trees, Christmas decorations? (Nativity)

What word do you think the name of this holiday comes from? (from the word "Birth")

Who was born on this day? (Son of God - Christ)

The Nativity of Christ is celebrated in the countries of the West and Russia in different time, since in the West it is celebrated according to the new civil calendar, and in Russia - according to the Orthodox.

Now let's read what our tutorial page 24 has to tell us about this.

(Christmas is celebrated on December 25 in Western countries. This is a favorite family celebration... They begin to prepare for it in advance. Decorate the Christmas tree. A wreath of spruce branches with toys is attached to the front door of the house. And in the courtyards in front of the house they arrange a Christmas nativity scene. You can walk the streets from house to house for whole evenings and admire. On the days of the holiday, an old performance dedicated to Christmas is often played.)

When is the Nativity of Christ celebrated in Western countries?

What words did you find incomprehensible?

Who knows what a nativity scene is?

The nativity scene is a cave, where pets were hiding from the weather and at night. In such a cave, Jesus Christ was born. In memory of this, for the feast of the Nativity of Christ, they make a flat or three-dimensional image of a cave with a manger in which the baby Jesus lay; nearby is the Mother of God, Elder Joseph and the astrologers with gifts.

Now let's go back to Russia with you. We celebrate the Christmas holiday on January 7th. In the old days, both in villages and in cities, children and youth walked around courtyards with a Christmas star, sang songs with good wishes which are called carols.

The hosts generously presented the guests with delicious pies and cookies in the form of horses, cows, and goats.

Let's read the carol, which is given in our textbook on page 25.

Ivan has three towers in the yard: The first tower - bright month, Second tower - the sun is red, Third tower - often stars. That the month is bright - then Ivan is the master, That the sun is red - then his mistress, That the stars are frequent - then his children.

God bless him, God bless him,

For rye to be born

One cow would milk a bucket!

-One more carol.

The carol came
Christmas Eve,
Give a cow,
Oil head.
And God forbid that
Who is in this house.
His rye is thick,
The rye is squeezed.
He is like an ear of octopus,
From the grain of his rug,
Half-grain ─ pie.
Would the Lord endow you
And living, and being,
And wealth.
And create for you, Lord,
Yet better than that!

-Let's see how the carols were sung. (Video)

Let's now open our notebooks to page 15 # 3.

Now let's check with you how well you remember what we talked about.

Verification work in the application.

Lesson summary

When do we celebrate New Years?

When do Western countries celebrate Christmas?

How was Christmas celebrated in the old days?

D.z.

Write how it is customary to celebrate New Year in your family. What gifts do you give each other?

Uch. Pages 24-27

R.T. # 2

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Slide 10

Give an idea of ​​the holidays that are celebrated during the winter months;

To acquaint with the history of the holidays, their features, customs and rituals associated with the winter holidays;

Expand students' understanding of cultural heritage;

. work on the development of speech;

Continue fostering a feeling of love for the native land;

Develop independent work skills.

Planned results:

Be able to distinguish between state and church holidays;

Know the specifics of the winter holidays;

To generate interest in independent search for material.

Equipment: clusters, recording carols, reproductions of paintings, encrypted square, video recording of cartoons, small Christmas tree, Handout.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Preparation for the perception of the topic

The teacher reads I. Surikov's poem "Winter".

What time of year in question in a poem? (About winter)

By what signs did you determine that it was winter? (Snow, short days, the sun warms up a little)

Name the winter months. (December January February)

How would you describe winter? (cold, snowy, beautiful, magical, smart, festive)

Winter gives us not only the miracle of the transformation of nature. Winter is also a fun time of the year because it gives us a lot of holidays. Today we will talk about the winter holidays.

III. Explanation of the new topic

So it's winter. The days have become shorter, and the sun no longer warms up at all, but shines dimly and gloomily. But we do not seem to notice this, because December is associated with the most solemn and significant holiday of the Orthodox. It's Christmas.

What do you know about this holiday?

What holiday is this - church or civil? Why do you think so?

Christmas in Russia began to be celebrated more than a thousand years ago. Officially, this holiday appeared after Prince Vladimir was baptized, and Russia became Orthodox.

Let's deal with dates. In Europe, Christmas is celebrated on December 25th. And in Russia - on January 7th. This discrepancy is due to the fact that the Russian Church celebrates church holidays according to the Gregorian calendar (according to the new style). And in Europe, church holidays are still celebrated according to the Julian calendar (old style). The difference is 13 days.

What is Christmas? And whose birth are we celebrating so festively?

It is believed that on this day Jesus Christ was born in the distant city of Bethlehem.

Screening of an excerpt from the cartoon "Nativity of Christ"

We celebrated Christmas widely, on a grand scale, for several days. And every day of the holiday was necessarily associated with some kind of custom.

It all started the day before. The day before Christmas was called Christmas Eve. On that day, it was impossible to eat anything until the first star was lit in the sky. In the evening, tables were laid, and various treats were prepared. And the children were always given gifts.

The night before Christmas was considered magical, magical. Our ancestors believed that all evil spirits come to life on this night - devils and witches, vampires and mermaids. They are celebrating the last night on earth, because at dawn everyone will have to disappear.

Screening of an excerpt from the cartoon "The Night Before Christmas"

Since the night is so magical, and devils are dancing, and witches are flying, then people have figured out how to protect themselves from evil spirits. They performed a caroling ceremony.

Do you know what carols are?

Young men and women got together, went from house to house and sang special songs in which they wished everyone happiness, health and wealth. For this, the owners of the house rewarded the carols with refreshments. And to devilry I could not catch the carols, the young people dressed up: some in the devil, some in a goat, some in a witch. It was believed that in this guise, evil spirits do not recognize a person.

Vocabulary work:

Carols are fervent, cheerful songs in which the birth of Jesus was glorified and wishes of health and happiness sounded.

1) Christmas Eve
Who will give the pie
Tom is full of cattle shed,
Ovin with oats
A stallion with a tail!
Who will not give a pie
Tom's chicken leg
Pestle, and a shovel,
Humpback cow.
2)We will call you by phone
With wishes and bows.
We came to carol
Merry Christmas to you!

The recording of carols songs sounds.

Cluster design: Christmas Eve (the day before Christmas, treats, gifts, carols)

After Christmas Eve came the great religious holiday- Christmas. On this day, it was customary to treat everyone, congratulate, have fun and glorify the birth of Jesus. They were obliged to put on everything new, the tables were covered with rich tablecloths, the hut was necessarily cleaned and decorated for Christmas. It was impossible to sew, weave or knit that day - it was believed that this would attract bad luck.

There are other traditions associated with Christmas.

Painting work

Look at the picture:

What familiar do you see in the picture? (decorated tree, lights, star on top)

The bright star symbolized the very star that the shepherds saw on the night when Christ was born.

But the custom to decorate the spruce came to us from Germany. The herringbone was considered a symbol of nature, because it remains the same green and fluffy in winter. One of the legends says that on the night of Jesus' birth, all the trees on earth began to bear fruit. And the Christmas tree is no exception. That is why it was customary to decorate the spruce with tangerines, nuts, apples. And later, instead of fruits and sweets, they began to hang colorful balls on the Christmas tree.

In winter, we celebrate another holiday, which is rightfully read as the funniest and most beloved.

Take a look at the table:

Can you guess what is encrypted in it?

Encrypted phrase "Happy New Year!"

Do you love New Years?

How do you celebrate this holiday?

What traditions do you know about the most magical night of the year?

New Year is celebrated on December 31, because, according to our calendar, from January 1, another year begins to count down. But it was not always so. A long time ago in Russia, the beginning of the new year was celebrated on September 1. And even earlier, in ancient Rome, the beginning of the year was celebrated on March 1. And December was only the tenth month. Hence its name: "decem" in Latin means "ten".

Everything changed in 1700. Russian Emperor Peter I issued a decree that the beginning of the new millennium will be celebrated precisely from January 1. In the Decree, it was noted how to celebrate this day.

Decree:

"On January 1, decorate the streets with spruce and pine branches. Shoot cannons, launch rockets and fire muskets, light the lights and joyfully congratulate each other on the beginning of the new century."

At the beginning of the twentieth century, it was forbidden to celebrate Christmas in Russia. And gradually this church holiday was replaced by a civil holiday - New Year. They also decorated the tree, only the star on the tree turned red - like the one that burns on the main tower of the Kremlin in Moscow. It has also become customary to give gifts, prepare food.

And a very cheerful character appeared, without which the New Year is now difficult to imagine. Have you already guessed who we are talking about?

(This is Santa Claus)

He also has a glorious helper. Who is this?

(Snow Maiden)

What are Santa Claus and Snegurochka doing for the New Year? (give gifts, light a Christmas tree, amuse children)

Screening of an excerpt from the cartoon "Masha and the Bear: One, Two, Three, Burn the Christmas Tree!"

Let's sing a song about Santa Claus together.

They sing the song "Santa Claus, what have you brought us."

IV. Pinning a topic

We also have a Christmas tree. I decorated it with firecrackers. But each cracker is different: they contain hidden questions that you must answer.

Students take turns removing balls and answering questions.

Questions:

What is a Christmas carol?

What is the most important church and civil winter holiday?

When is Christmas Eve celebrated?

Where did the tradition of decorating a Christmas tree come from?

Tell a poem about the New Year.

V. Reflection

What new have you learned in the lesson?

What winter holidays would you like to know more about?

What was not clear?

Vi. Homework

Learn a poem of your choice (about Christmas, carols or New Years)

Christmas holiday in Western countries

Christmas is celebrated on December 25 in Western countries. This is a favorite family holiday. They begin to prepare for it in advance. Decorate the Christmas tree. A wreath of spruce branches with toys is attached to the front door of the house. And in the courtyards in front of the house they arrange Nativity scene(7). You can walk the streets from house to house for whole evenings and admire.

On the days of the holiday, an old performance dedicated to Christmas is often performed.

Christmas holiday in Russia

January 7 is the Christmas holiday in Russia. In the old days, both in villages and in cities, children and youth walked around the courtyards with a Christmas star, sang songs with good wishes:

Ivan has three towers in the yard.
The first tower is a bright month,
The second tower is the red sun,
The third tower - the stars are frequent.
That the month is bright - then Ivan is the master,
That the sun is red is its mistress,
That the stars are frequent is his children.
God bless him, God bless him,
For rye to be born
One cow would milk a bucket!

The hosts generously presented the guests with delicious pies and cookies in the form of horses, cows, and goats.

Winter new year

In ancient times, the time of the winter solstice was called "the birth of a new Sun". At this time, for a long time, many peoples had happy holidays... People rejoiced: after the "birth of the Sun", the long-awaited spring will certainly come!

Over time, the peoples of the West began to celebrate the beginning of the new year after the winter solstice, on the night of December 31 to January 1. And January rose to the first place among brothers-months.

In 1700, the Russian Emperor Peter I (8) ordered to celebrate the New Year in Russia at the same time. This is how the order of months in the calendar was established, which we still use today.

By his decree, Peter I ordered to decorate conifers in honor of the New Year's holiday. Since then, Christmas tree auctions (bazaars) have been organized on the squares.

old New Year

The Orthodox calendar is 13 days behind the modern one. Many celebrate on the eve of January 14 a holiday with a strange name - the old New Year. Usually on this day there are people who have been friends since childhood or adolescence. For the first time, many of them celebrate the New Year in a narrow family circle, and the second time with friends.

Let's discuss

How in this academic year will you celebrate the winter holidays? What gifts will you prepare for each other in class and at home? What costumes can you make for yourself?

Check ourselves

1. When is the Nativity of Christ celebrated in Western countries?
2. When does this holiday start in Russia?
3. How was it celebrated in the old days?
4. Who established the celebration of the New Year in Russia in wintertime?
5. What is Old New Year?

Let's make a conclusion

Mother winter brings us many joyful days. And among such days - beloved by children and adults Christmas and new year holidays... We visit each other, give gifts and have fun.