“I don’t know how to play with children,” the mother of two weather girls once confessed to me, “and the daughters are still not very good at playing together. Lotto, jigsaw puzzles, classes on educational aids - it's easy. But children are asked to play bunnies, to imagine that we are pirates or princesses. And I just can't think of something interesting, it turns out boring.

“And if you don’t come up with anything,” I suggested, “but play in familiar life situations that we face every day: we go to the store, the clinic, receive guests, travel, hand over things for repair.

And in just a few minutes, we composed 15 simple scenarios of role-playing games that the whole family can play without inventing a “bicycle”. The heroes of the games can be family members, or they can be toys that adults and children speak for. Any thing in the house can be a game props. For the development of imagination, it is even better if the substitute objects play the role of genuine things (a stick will become a thermometer, small leaves - money, and a shoebox - a cash register).

1. Kindergarten

What do you need: figurines for the role of children, parents, educator, nanny, music director, physical education teacher.

What to do: play a traditional day in the garden. Parents bring their children to the group, children take off their outer clothing and change their shoes, say goodbye to their parents. Then the kids go to exercise, have breakfast, the teacher conducts classes with them and organizes games. After the second breakfast, everyone goes for a walk. And then the game proceeds according to the established daily routine: lunch, quiet hour, afternoon tea, games, evening walk and meeting of parents.

Why is it great: the game helps the child to adapt to kindergarten, gives an idea of ​​the daily routine. For children who are already accustomed to kindergarten, this is an opportunity to tell their parents what is happening while you are not seeing each other. It is in the game that you will hear how educators talk, how children communicate with each other, what difficult situations arise and help solve these problems in a playful way.

What do you need: a set of dishes and cutlery, food, guest toys.

What to do: The child invites guests to dinner by phone, sets the time and starts preparing the first, second and dessert. He serves the table beautifully, seats the guests, maintains a conversation, changes dishes. After dinner, the guests thank the host for the delicious food and say goodbye.

Why it's great: Children learn hospitality, table setting, and being friendly to other people.

What do you need: showcase (built from cubes or Lego parts), products (a set of plastic dummies, products cut from colored paper or molded from plasticine), figures of a cashier, movers, sellers, buyers, paper money, price tags.

What to do: a loader unloads the goods brought to the store. The seller neatly lays out the goods on the showcase and places the price tags. The customer comes to the store, selects the products, puts them in the cart, unloads the products onto the belt. The cashier reads the barcode, names the amount of purchases, takes money from the buyer, gives him change and a check.

What do you need: desks (cubes), board (sheet of paper), figures playing the roles of students and teachers, notebooks, writing materials.

What to do: the bell rings, the teacher conducts a few simple lessons: mathematics, drawing, reading, physical education. Each lesson is given five minutes. There is a break between lessons, during which children communicate with each other and play games.

Why is it great: many children want to grow up as soon as possible to go to school. This game will make them feel a little older and give them an idea of ​​the school routine. He will tell you how important it is to listen, answer questions and complete the teacher's assignments. Shows how to work in a team and make friends.

What you need: patient toys, a phonendoscope, a thermometer, medicine bottles, a syringe without a needle, bandage, patient cards, any safe items that can act as substitutes for hospital inventory.

What to do: a forest hospital opens, a queue of plush animals forms to the doctor. The doctor listens to complaints, asks questions, looks at the throat, listens to the patient with a phonendoscope, conducts treatment or writes a prescription.

Why it's great: children learn about the profession of a doctor, and the more knowledge they have, the less fear they have before going to the clinic. They also learn to be responsive, to take care of someone who is not feeling well.

What do you need: a toy or, even better, a real set of tools.

What to do: repair any breakdown in the house (imaginary or real), take toy cars to a car service.

Why it's great: The child learns to correct mistakes, fix broken things, master the skills of handling tools.

What do you need: circus arena (round tray, cardboard circle), figures of spectators, animals and circus artists.

What to do: the viewer buys a ticket, comes to the circus, takes the seat indicated on the ticket. The host announces the program numbers. The show begins: gymnasts tumbling, monkeys ride horses, a bear rides a bicycle. The audience applauds the artists. During the intermission, they stroll around the circus, take pictures, buy something tasty from the buffet.

Why is it great: with the help of the game, you can prepare children for visiting the circus for the first time, arouse interest in this art form and in the work of circus artists.

What do you need: dolls, soft toys, stroller for walks, bath, household items.

What to do:"Mom" feeds, bathes, brushes, takes her "baby" for a walk. The parent can encourage the child to speak on behalf of the doll, animate it, say that the baby is hungry or it is time for him to sleep, let's start laying him down. It is also in the power of parents to add variety to the game, suggesting new situations: the baby has a sore throat, let's take him to the doctor or he can't sleep, we'll sing him a song.

Why is it great: the child learns to take care of someone, adopts parenting habits, gains knowledge about the basic skills of caring for babies.

What do you need: chairs, steering wheel, passenger toys.

What to do: a row of seats is built from the chairs, the roles of the driver and passengers are distributed. The driver announces a stop, new passengers enter the cabin, pay the controller for travel, get a ticket, and get off the bus at the desired stop.

Why is it great: the child gets the idea of ​​driving in public transport, can change roles and play either a driver or a passenger, different geographical names are remembered during the trip.

What do you need: mirror, toy scissors, dolls, cosmetics bottles, combs, hairdryer, hairpins and bows.

What to do: the hairdresser covers the client's back with a towel, washes his hair, comb his hair, makes a haircut, dries his hair with a hairdryer, makes hair with hairpins and bows.

Why is it great: children learn about the profession of a hairdresser, learn to thank politely for the service they have received and, of course, learn to make beauty.

What do you need: construction equipment for various purposes, figures of builders, cubes.

What to do: build a house. An excavator digs a foundation pit, a bulldozer levels the site, the foundation is poured with concrete, and builders are building a new house brick by brick.

Why is it great: the child gains knowledge about the construction process, learns what different machines are for, sees the finished result.

What do you need: toy airplanes, air terminal premises, figurines of airport workers, stewardesses, passengers.

What to do: passengers arrive at the terminal building. They check in and drop off their luggage, show tickets, go through a metal detector, go to the waiting room, and then be invited to the aircraft cabin. Passengers buckle up, the plane takes off, and during the flight, a flight attendant brings drinks and food. After boarding and exiting the plane, passengers receive their luggage in the airport building. What you need: newspapers, magazines, envelopes, parcels, a postman's bag, a "house" of several apartments.

What to do: Post office workers sort correspondence by apartment numbers. The postman puts newspapers and letters in a bag, enters the desired house and puts the mail in the boxes. If there is a letter or a parcel post, the postman rings the doorbell, specifies the name and surname of the recipient, asks to sign the notification and gives the letter or parcel.

Why is it great: children learn about the profession of a postman, learn to sort objects.

What do you need: figurines of characters made from any material.

What to do: play from beginning to end the plot of a fairy tale that the child loves.

Why is it great: you can start playing fairy tales with the smallest, one-year-old kids, at this time they already recognize many animals, and your changing intonations will help children easily learn how one or another animal speaks. Plus, the script is always at hand, or rather, in the book.

We did not stop at 15 described games. Ideas poured in: rescuers, detectives, fishermen, playing in the library, in a cafe, in house cleaning ... And the main thing is not even that role-playing games teach children something, although this is also important. The most important thing is the excitement of the simple game and the opportunity to have fun with the whole family.

All children love to play. What is really there, many adults gladly get used to roles that are unusual for themselves and release a lot of emotions and accumulated impressions from individual life situations. The famous psychologist L.S. Rubinstein said that the process of role-playing allows a child not only to reincarnate into a new personality, but also to enrich, deepen and develop his own in many ways. That is why we will consider interesting role-playing games for preschool children, breaking them down by age category for convenience. Add new colors to the usual leisure of your pupils!

Types of role-playing games

There are a lot of role-playing games. There are traditional ones, which children play from generation to generation, and there are new ones, inspired by trends in the field of children's leisure. Children themselves come up with unique stories and translate them into reality. However, depending on the specifics of the roles themselves and their functions, all role-playing role-playing games for children can be divided into several types:

	Household	Games about family, peers, home holidays. The most common: "Mothers and Daughters", "Mom's Birthday", "Home Gatherings". Most often, children play with dolls (for example, as a child) and demonstrate what they know about relationships within the family, between adults.
	Manufacturing	The content of production games includes imitation of certain professions: builder, mechanic, janitor, director, and others. For example, the joint construction of a hut may well become the main theme for children portraying builders.
	Public	Children play in situations they encounter in society: going to the store, hospital, school, library or hairdresser.
	Heroic-patriotic	Role-playing games of this orientation concern the heroes of war and space. More often boys play them. Taking advantage of the children’s moment of enthusiasm, the teacher can tell a little about the history of wars, the flight of Yuri Gagarin.
	Literary	Films, cartoons, favorite books - all this can become the main content of games for preschool children. Modern children more often prefer to imitate the wizard Harry Potter and run with sticks as magic wands, space heroes from the film of the same name. Preschoolers are more inclined to their favorite fairy tales: "Turnip", "Teremok", "Cat's House" and others.
	Director's	Children perform the functions of directors, giving the roles of dolls, animals among toys. Heroes are endowed with their own character, demeanor, a plot is chosen from those already familiar, or a story is invented.

Role-playing games for children of younger groups (3-4 years old)

Toddlers of early preschool age are not yet quite ready for serious roles like a conductor, shop assistant, teacher, and other complex characters in games. For that, at their age, they are madly in love with new emotions. For children 3-4 years old, you can also pick up a lot of interesting role-playing games, in which imitation of a neighbor, oneself in certain situations, is the main task. Game actions are conditional; roles are often not named. An adult leads the situation in the game.

We receive gifts

Purpose of the game: Teach children to be grateful. It is best to organize it during the next children's matinee, so that there is a reason to receive presents. Even children from 2 years old can play a role-playing game.

What will be needed: Multicolored boxes (as many as children play), small toys of different textures.

The teacher says with high spirits that he has brought gifts for his beloved children. Then he calls everyone by name, especially loudly noting those who "yawn" on the sides. With each box filled with toys, the teacher comes up to the children and says: "(Name), this magical gift is for you!"

At the same time, a short pause is made to give the person who is gifted an opportunity to say words of gratitude. If “thank you” is not said, it’s worth asking what you need to say when you are given gifts. If the child cannot answer this question on his own, other members of the group or adults can help him.

Doll's birthday

Purpose of the game: To enable early preschoolers to become closer to knowledge about, politeness, attentiveness. In the course of the role-playing game, they master new concepts regarding the festive table and setting.

What you need: Other dolls or toys that could pass for the birthday girl's guests, toy dishes (plates, forks, spoons, glasses, napkins, knives), table, chairs, tablecloth for the table.

Since the children of preschool age have already been in the role of birthday people more than once, they more or less imagine what is happening at this event. The teacher solemnly announces that the doll has a birthday today, and she invited guests to her holiday - the pupils will imitate them. They are given the opportunity to compose sets of gifts that they would like to present. Then the birthday girl asks the assembled guests to help her set the table. All guys should be actively involved. After preparation, guests sit at the table and drink tea with a cake. Role-playing games for children are very interesting and educational.

Staging a fairy tale

Purpose of the game: Development of attentiveness, memory, desire to work in a team.

What you need: At least a very approximate entourage. For example, if the tale is about a turnip, then the old man can be given some kind of improvised stick in the form of a cane, and the grandmother can be tied with a scarf on her head.

The preschool teacher offers the kids roles in advance and reads an already known fairy tale. The teacher shows by example how to properly imitate a particular character. Each child makes up an idea of ​​the course of the game and is easily drawn in, already knowing the plot in advance. Having made the production of a fairy tale superficially for children of the younger group, you can present it in a quality manner at some matinee next year.

Role-playing games for children 4-5 years old

Game actions at 4-5 years of age are already clearly role-playing, imitation is more noticeable. The roles of the children are voiced, but during the game they can change. If at an early age children were offered chains of one or two actions, now they can go up to 4 actions, in which the children themselves keep the game situation.

Salon

Purpose of the game: Acquaintance of the guys with the profession of a hairdresser, building the right relationships, replenishing the vocabulary.

What will be needed: For hairdressers, you will need robes, tools (comb, hair dryer, hairpins, elastic bands, bottles, etc.), for clients - capes and an armchair.

The game can take place with dolls or between children, the third option is combined. After knocking on the door, the doll Masha enters the hall. She asks the guys if they have a comb, otherwise the hair is completely frayed, the pigtail is loose - she would like to get help. For the doll, the children offer to go to the hairdresser's, but at the same time, a clarification is made: there are women's and men's rooms, additional services of manicure, pedicure, shaving. Hairdressers take up jobs and take on tools. More and more new clients begin to come, leave their feedback. The guys will learn in the process of imitation what concepts exist in hairdressing, what are the responsibilities of specialists.

School

Purpose of the game: The ideas of children about school, the principle of obtaining and assessing knowledge, the emergence in them of a desire to learn, respect for the work of teachers, and replenishment of vocabulary are clarified.

Would need: School supplies (pens, notebooks, pencils, etc.), blackboard, chalk, pointer, books as textbooks, alphabet.

To begin with, the educator should conduct an explanation of what a school is, what is happening there, what students and teachers are doing. One teacher is chosen from among the children, who gives the task to the rest - everyone does it at the same time. Next comes another lesson, a new teacher is chosen. The following subjects can be used: mathematics, singing, physical education, native language, art and others. Even making a schedule is a good idea. The content of the assignments is chosen by the children.

Zoo

Purpose of the game: The development of children's knowledge about life, habits, nutrition, the habitat of various animals, the education in them of a humane attitude towards.

You will need: Animals from toys that are familiar and understandable to children, improvised cages, money, tickets (you can cut out of paper and sign).

The teacher invites all his pupils to the zoo and sits down at the "cash desk" himself. The sold tickets are handed over by the children to the same teacher or the chosen controller. Entering the zoo, they talk about the animals they saw, make up a complete picture of the knowledge they have, and the adult teaches them the important principles of caring for animals.

Role-playing games for older preschool children (5-7 years old)

The range of possible games for children at the age of 5, 6 and, especially, 7 years old is significantly expanding. You can play almost any profession, fairy-tale characters who are easy to imitate. In game actions, business relationships (subordination, cooperation) can be reflected. The role for each child remains until the end of the storyline, which fully coincides with the real relationships between people.

Shop

Purpose of the game: Development of an understanding of the difference between food, clothing, hygiene products and other things, a sense of desire to help each other, expansion of vocabulary.

Necessary: For laying out on counters, you can use toys that reflect the essence of the product, or cards with the image of food, things, furniture and other things. You will need money, if possible - a cash desk.

The teacher invites the children to place a supermarket with different departments (fruit, dairy, vegetable, meat, clothing, footwear, stationery, books, etc.) on improvised counters. Children sort the goods themselves and choose the roles. Preschoolers can be shoppers or store employees. When customers come to the store, they consult about quality, freshness, size - what is characteristic of this or that category - they pay and take the purchase. As children grow up, the assortment in the store can be replenished with new types, it can be complicated the task by collecting the right set of essential products.

Pharmacy

Purpose of the game: Increasing knowledge about the work of a pharmacist, manager and cashier, medicines and diseases.

Would need: Showcases, medicine boxes, money, prescription forms.

Before the start of the game, the teacher tells the children about the principle of the pharmacy, introduces them to the duties of the manager, who regulates various issues, orders new drugs, and takes herbs from the population to make medicines. In the game, the roles of the manager, residents, collecting herbs, cashier, pharmacist and buyers are distributed. In a pharmacy, an important rule will be to dispense pills strictly according to prescriptions.

In the cafe

Purpose of the game: Children 5, 6, 7 years old learn etiquette, rules of conduct in public places, study the functions of waiters, cooks, and an administrator.

You will need: utensils for cooking and serving food, food itself, aprons for cooks, delivery.

Role play can start with a visit to the dolls' cafe. For example, one of them has a birthday and she invited guests to a cafe. Children share roles in accordance with which imitation takes place: cooks, waiters, an administrator who meets visitors, guests. They try to be as polite as possible and do whatever is required. Satisfied customers thank you for the delicious food and excellent service.

At the earliest age, from about two years old, a person begins to discover an unfamiliar to himself the immense world of relationships that exist between people. He seeks to actively engage in the activities of adults living next to him and in the world of those things that are not yet available to him. And he does it through play, "for fun", turns an imaginary steering wheel, playing the driver of the car, and growls, imagining that he is a terrible tiger. And the girl plays at her mother, rocking the doll.

Role-playing games for children 3-4 years old.

The first role-playing games.

When a small child gets a little older, he begins to understand that he is capable of independent actions, like all adults. From that moment on, he begins to imitate all adults. This is how the first role-playing games for children 2-3 years old are born.

If the baby has experienced any strong impression, he tries to reproduce it by inventing a role-play and imagining himself to be anyone. If you even took a short ride on the train with him, the kid will play for a long time in the train with the carriages and puff hard, entering the image. And if you take him to the zoo, he will play, imagining himself to be especially remembered by him animal.

The child always has at his disposal some toys depicting objects from the world of adults - cars, dishes, furniture. The child learns to use them, drives a car, ironing. If the baby does not have enough items that replace the real ones, he easily finds a replacement for them. For example, if there is no steering wheel in his car, he uses a saucepan lid.

Substitutes.

Subject-substitute is an important phenomenon in the development of a child's thinking, a support for memorizing something. Many children collect various "garbage" in the opinion of their mother - pebbles, candy wrappers, pieces of iron. In no case should this collection be thrown away, as a last resort, allocate a cardboard box for it. The child actively uses such little things in games, endowing them with various properties. Naturally, in your imagination.

It is noted that real creative abilities are developed to a much greater extent in children playing with such substitute objects, and not in those who played with the Lego constructor. And when a child stops playing with a substitute object, he simply moves into the sphere of imaginary things that exist in his inner space. The child, coming up with different roles, the subject learns to see from all sides, and, therefore, learns to have several points of view.

Narrative games for children 3-4 years old.

For a child, role play is the most important activity, trying on the functions of adult life, learning to interact with adults and peers. Even when the kid draws, he plays, coming up with the plot that he is trying to portray. If a child is given toys and left alone with them, he will find something to do that will captivate him. But it is desirable for an adult to take part in the game, using it as a method for achieving certain pedagogical goals.

Plot games for children 2-3 years old and their goals.

Taking part in games with their baby, parents should understand that in this way they contribute to the achievement of some important goals:

1. Raising personality traits in a child. The basic concepts of what is good and what is bad, what is good and what is evil, are laid down in the course of the game. At the same time, he realizes without much emphasis that it is better to be polite than rude, modest, than impudent, generous, than greedy.
2. Socialization is gradually manifested in games. The kid learns to communicate with parents and other children, to be friends with them. He can learn to defend his own opinion.
3. Success in play lays the foundations for the child's self-esteem. He gains self-confidence - the most important quality necessary in life.
4. If the game is active, it contributes to the physical development of the child. He learns to walk and run, work with various objects, becomes stronger and more enduring.
5. Fine motor skills, precise movements used in the game are extremely important for the harmonious development of the child, since it is directly related to the formation of correct speech.
6. Finally, story games for kids 2 3 years old develop attention, memory, imaginative thinking and imagination of the child train his psyche.

Role-playing games for children 3-4.

The plot of the role-playing game and its content.

The plot of an RPG should not be confused with its content. The plot is what the kid is trying to reproduce in the game, he can play in a hospital, in a school or family, in a store: in everything that he sees around him and what he encounters in real life.

A game with the same plot can have completely different content, reflecting the behavior of people and the very meaning of their activities. For example, playing with the family, assuming the functions of a mother, one girl will babysit the children, and the other will scold and punish them, one will be the master's who cooks and washes all the time, and the other may be a fashionista trying on outfits in front of the mirror.

The content of the game largely depends on the age of the child. The youngest can play cooking, but no one will eat him. The middle-aged preschooler will already feed other participants in the game or dolls, that is, he will perform actions not for the sake of the actions themselves, but to determine attitudes towards playmates. Older preschoolers, while playing, pay attention to whether they are acting correctly in one role or another.

How to teach a kid to play.

A small child himself cannot invent role-playing games, although he easily learns such games from those familiar with them - from older children or from parents. However, not all toddlers are willing to role-play - some may be too shy and constrained and prefer to play sports games or play on a computer screen. But role-playing games for children 3-4 years old are extremely important for their harmonious development.

Plot games for children 2-3 years old.

In this case, parents need to help their children:

1. Remember your own past, how you yourself played in childhood, come up with a few simple plots and start playing with your child yourself.
2. Use another child as an intermediary - an older brother or sister, a little neighbor who willingly plays such games. It is only important that this intermediary is not so active that it will turn off your baby from the play action.
3. Try to have the child come up with the circumstances of the game, even new words. Offer a masquerade to a shy child - it can play an important role for him that no one will see his face behind the mask. If there are several participants in the game, make sure that your baby is interested, first offer him secondary roles, and then more significant ones, so that the other participants do not suppress him.
4. Use fairy tales, refer to them in difficult situations, act as your favorite fairytale hero would do. Please note that children under 3-5 years old prefer to use fairy tales about animals in games, the elders are already playing people - princes, princesses.
5. You can, by doing your household chores, involve kids in similar games. Mom bakes pies - and my daughter will be happy to bake plasticine pies for dolls.

The first role-playing games for children.

When a very young child is given a toy truck and an excavator, he can tinker with them for a long time. But this is not just fuss, he has already seen these machines in reality and begins to come up with his simplest plot, in this case related to the construction site.

Then the child will determine the roles that toys or substitute items will play: a carpet can be a construction site, or a sea, or a lawn, a sofa can be a neighboring house, a stage, etc. He copies the work of the engine with his voice, speaks for all his artists, while trying to convey the necessary emotions.

In story games for children 3-4 years old, a child can play just next to other children, and by the age of five, children are already playing with each other.

In order to organize a role-playing game with a child, you need to have a spacious place for play, soft toys and certain decorations such as a dollhouse, zoo, forest, etc.

Role-playing games for children 2-3 years old.

At first, the child simply copies adults - this is his immediate environment. Role-playing games for children 3-4 years old are gradually moving to playing in the profession - the kid transforms into a salesman, cook, doctor, making toys as his partners.

When planning to start a role-playing game with the baby, it makes sense to estimate its plot in advance, prepare inventory. Here are some of the simplest examples of such games:

1. The game " A family», Which will require dolls with clothes, dishes, a crib, a stroller. The roles in the game are mom, dad and child. The plot of the game - the mother must feed the child, rock him and put him to bed, then prepare food and set the table. Dad comes home from work, sits down to eat, then plays with the baby, and the whole family goes for a walk.
2. The game " Graft", For which you need dolls and a doctor's kit. Roles, the doctor and the mother with the child. Plot - a mother brings her child to the doctor, he examines the baby, measures the temperature and gives him an injection.
3. The game " Shop". In addition to dolls, you need to have a cash register, toy money, some kind of goods, toy clothes or groceries. They can be substitute items. Roles - buyer and seller, maybe buyer - mom and baby. Plot - the buyer goes to the store and thinks over what to buy, discusses purchases with the baby. In the store, they choose purchases, settle accounts with the seller.

You can find out more about the assortment in the catalog of our online store

Consultation for parents "What is role-playing game and what role does it play in the life of preschoolers?"

What is role-playing game and what role does it play in the life of preschoolers?

Role-playing game is an activity in which children take on certain functions of adults in specially created imaginary game conditions, reproduce the activities of adults and the relationship between them. Communication of a child is the ability not only to make contact and conduct a conversation with the interlocutor, but also the ability to listen carefully, use facial expressions and gestures to more effectively express their thoughts.

What qualities do a child develop through role-playing games?

Play is a typical form of activity for preschool children. The formation of a child as a person takes place in games. In role-playing games between children, relations of cooperation, mutual assistance, care and attention to each other are formed. At preschool age, children's communication becomes more regular and prolonged, and the games are varied. In them, roles are assigned on a more rigorous basis, the plot basis of the game is developed. The transition to a new playful form of communication, which is characterized in the independence of the child. In games, the child learns to perceive and transmit information, to monitor the reaction of the interlocutor. At this age, the child's social circle expands. Children in joint games look at each other, evaluate each other, depending on such assessments, they show or do not show mutual sympathy.

When creating a children's team, what individual qualities should be considered?

When organizing a children's team, it is especially important to take into account the individual characteristics of the children. Systematic observation of children's play allows you to determine the degree of sociability or isolation of each child, to reveal his ability to coordinate his active actions with the actions of his comrades. Children are reserved and silent, require special attention and care from an adult, since they cannot come into contact for a long time. Usually, in a children's group, 2-3 children stand out who have the greatest attractiveness: many want to be friends with them, sit next to them, willingly fulfill their requests. Usually these children are called leaders. And the unpopular do not accept them in games, communicate little, do not want to give up toys to them. The rest of the children are located between these two poles.

The following components are distinguished in the structure of the game:

Role : From the moment of role play, the role that the child takes on is. At the same time, he does not just call himself the name of an adult (I am an astronaut, I am a mother, I am a doctor, but what is most important is acting like an adult. Through the performance of a play role, the child's connection with the world of adults is carried out. connection of the child with the world of adults Each role contains its own rules of behavior, taken by the child from the surrounding life.

Game actions for the implementation of the role: When analyzing a game, it is necessary to distinguish between its plot and content. The reality in which the child lives can be conditionally divided into two interrelated, but at the same time different spheres:

The first sphere of objects, things both natural and created by human hands;

The second area of ​​activity of people and their relationships. These results indicate that role-playing is especially sensitive to the sphere of activity of people and the relationship between them, that the content is exactly that reality. In role play, children reflect and surround them with the diversity of reality. Reflected in children's games.

- Game Substitution Items... The use of objects plays an important role in the development of children. The more, the more interesting. At the first stage, in the younger group, the teacher teaches children to use objects and replace them, and in the older group, children replace them on their own.

Real relationships between children at play. There are two types of relationships in the game:

gaming;

real.

Game relationships- This is a relationship in the plot and role. If the child takes on the role, then he will be in accordance with the plot.

Real relationship- this is the relationship of children as a partner, comrades performing a common cause. Children agree on the plot, assign roles, discuss the course of the game.

Conclusion: thus, during preschool childhood, the development and complication of the content of the game is carried out in the following directions:

Strengthening the purposefulness, and hence the consistency, coherence of the depicted;

A gradual transition from an expanded game to a minimized situation, a generalization of what is depicted in the game.

The variety of content of role-playing games is determined by the children's knowledge of those aspects of reality that are portrayed in the game with the sonority of this knowledge to the interests, feelings of the child, and his personal experience. Finally, the development of the content of their games depends on the child's ability to highlight the characteristic features of the activities and relationships of adults. Almost all researchers who have studied play have unanimously noted that play

is free. In the game, he does only what he wants to do. Role-playing game is the leading type of activity in preschool childhood, since it contributes to the development of the child's personal sphere and responds to its foundations, motive, the desire to enter the world of an adult, which is the subject of the game as a carrier of certain functions that enter into certain relationships with other people.

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We offer you a selection of popular children's role-playing games. Here you will learn how to play these games, what you need for them, what they will teach your child.

We will tell you which stories are better to choose for role-playing games with a child, as well as how best to play them, so that the game not only amuses and entertains, but also educates and develops him.
The first thing to draw your attention to is that play is a skill, and a child needs to be taught this skill. Since at the age of 5, the main way of learning is a joint game, first, play with your baby: let him watch you and then begin to act independently. You will only be in charge of this game ..

Why play role-playing games

Both boys and girls play role-playing games. The FAMILY game comes to the fore, but games to school, to the store, to the hospital, etc. are no less important. Such games give the child the opportunity to try on the roles of a doctor, patient, teacher, student, mom, dad, brother, sister, friend, seller, to show care and participation in another person in terms of the chosen role, that is, to get a certain social experience.
Therefore, playing role-playing games with children, we teach them the correct behavior, the correct expression of care, love, respect, the correct understanding of the roles they have accepted.

Role-playing game "Family"

She is the most popular among children, it is quite appropriate to play with the family and at a party, and at a children's party, and in the family circle. Moreover, the roles can be distributed as you like: a real mother can play the role of a little daughter, and a 5-year-old boy can become a dad. To get into the role well, use various attributes - personal items, clothes, toys. Before starting the game, discuss what each member of the “family” is doing. Let's say a daughter goes to kindergarten, plays, helps her mother, looks after the cat, etc. Dad goes to work, reads the newspaper, watches TV. Mom cleans, cooks, launches, walks with the children, goes to the store, etc.
When playing with a family, you can use dolls - this will be a doll family, or soft toys - this is a family of animals.
Playing with the family helps the child learn the rules of family behavior, “try on” different social roles, establish, deepen, expand understanding of family relationships and hone their skills.

Role-playing game "Hospital"

Role-playing game "Bathing a doll"

If your kid does not like to swim, wash his hair, then invite him to be a puppet parent and play with him bathing a doll. The whims, most likely, will not happen again.
In this game, the kid will have the opportunity to take care of someone, and at the same time he will be able to learn the names of toiletries.
To play you will need: a basin or bath for dolls, a doll that you can wet (better - baby dolls), a washcloth, soap, a towel, a dressing gown.
How to play: Proceed in the same way as with your own child. Pour water with your baby into the tub. Try to see if it's hot. Undress the doll, put it in the bath, wash it with soap and a washcloth, remove it from the water, dry it with a towel, put on a dressing gown or pajamas. Rock and sing a lullaby.

Role-playing game "We set the table and invite to the table"

Teaching a child to behave properly at the table requires more than just explaining to him how to do it. It is much more important to play this situation, to live it.
To play you will need: a table and chairs (you can use real ones, you can play dolls), dishes, napkins, food, tea, guest dolls.
How to play? Cover the table with a tablecloth, arrange the seats - who will sit where, lay out the napkins, serve the table with the baby, then politely invite the guests to the table.

Role-playing game "Kindergarten"

If your kid is suddenly stubborn for some reason and does not want to go to kindergarten, play with him the role-playing game "Kindergarten" and watch him very carefully: what the child says on behalf of the teacher, nanny, and other children. Most likely, he will definitely talk about what worries him.
Such a plot will help you quickly adapt to the kindergarten or reveal what worries the child.
In the same way, you can play with your child about the plots: "Big cleaning", "Hairdresser", "Family day off", "We treat a sick bear", "Doll's birthday", "Travel on the bus", "School", "Construction" and much other.

C O D E R Z A N I E Shop; toys at the doctor ____________________________ 3 Pharmacy; Stepashka's birthday _______________________ 4 We are building a house; in the library _____________________________ 5 Family; cosmonauts ___________________________________ 6 In a cafe; on city roads _____________________________ 7 Zoo; fun trip; kindergarten ________________8 Hairdresser; traffic rules _____________________9 we are athletes; school ________________________________ 10 space adventure ______________________________ 11

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CONTENT

Shop; toys at the doctor ____________________________ 3

Pharmacy; Stepashka's birthday _______________________ 4

Building a house; in the library _____________________________ 5

A family; astronauts ___________________________________ 6

In the cafe; on city roads _____________________________ 7

Zoo; fun trip; kindergarten ________________8

Salon; traffic rules _____________________9

we are athletes; school ________________________________ 10

space adventure ______________________________ 11

Shop

Purpose: to teach children to classify objects according to common characteristics, to foster a sense of mutual help, to expand the vocabulary of children: to introduce the concepts of "toys", "furniture", "food", "dishes".

Equipment: all toys depicting goods that can be bought in the store, located in the display case, money.

Age: 3-7 years old.

The course of the game: the teacher offers the children to place in a convenient place a huge supermarket with such departments as vegetable, grocery, dairy, bakery and others, where customers will go. Children independently distribute the roles of sellers, cashiers, sales workers in departments, sort goods into departments - food, fish, bakery products, meat, milk, household chemicals, etc. They come to the supermarket for shopping with their friends, choose a product, consult with sellers, pay at the checkout. During the game, the teacher needs to pay attention to the relationship between buyers and sellers. The older the children are, the more departments and products there can be in the supermarket.

Doctor's toys

Purpose: to teach children to care for the sick and to use medical instruments, to educate children in attentiveness, sensitivity, to expand vocabulary: to introduce the concepts of “hospital”, “sick”, “treatment”, “drugs”, “temperature”, “hospital”.

Equipment: dolls, toy animals, medical instruments: thermometer, syringe, pills, spoon, phonendoscope, cotton wool, medicine jars, bandage, gown and cap for a doctor.

Age: 3-7 years old.

The course of the game: the teacher offers to play, the Doctor and the Nurse are selected, the rest of the children take toy animals and dolls in their hands, come to the clinic for an appointment. Patients with various diseases come to the doctor: the bear has a toothache because he ate a lot of sweets, the doll Masha pinched her finger on the door, etc. We clarify the steps: The doctor examines the patient, prescribes treatment for him, and the Nurse follows his instructions. Some patients require inpatient treatment, they are admitted to the hospital. Older preschool children can choose several different specialists - therapist, ophthalmologist, surgeon and other doctors known to children. When they get to the reception, the toys tell why they got to the doctor, the teacher discusses with the children whether this could have been avoided, says that you need to take more care of your health. During the game, children observe how the doctor treats patients - makes bandages, measures the temperature. The teacher assesses how the children communicate with each other, reminds that the recovered toys do not forget to thank the doctor for the help provided.

Pharmacy

Purpose: to expand knowledge about the professions of pharmacy workers: a pharmacist makes medicines, a cashier-seller sells them, the head of the pharmacy orders the necessary herbs and other drugs for the manufacture of medicines, to expand the vocabulary of children: "drugs", "pharmacist", "order", " medicinal plants ".

Equipment: toy pharmacy equipment.

Age: 5-7 years old.

The course of the game: a conversation is held about what professions people work in a pharmacy, what they do. We are getting acquainted with the new role - Pharmacy Manager. She receives medicinal herbs from the population and transfers them to pharmacists so that they can prepare medicines. The Manager helps the Pharmacy Workers and Visitors to understand difficult situations. Medicines are dispensed strictly according to prescriptions. Roles are assigned by children independently, at will.

Stepashka's birthday.

Purpose: to expand the knowledge of children about the methods and sequence of table setting for a festive dinner, to consolidate knowledge about tableware, to foster attentiveness, care, responsibility, a desire to help, to expand vocabulary: to introduce the concepts of “festive dinner”, “name day”, “table setting”, "Dishes", "service".

Equipment: toys that may come to visit Stepashka, tableware - plates, forks, spoons, knives, cups, saucers, napkins, tablecloth, table, chairs.

Age: 3-4 years.

The course of the game: the teacher informs the children that Stepashka has a birthday today, invites them to visit him and congratulate him. Children take toys, visit Stepashka and congratulate him. Stepashka offers everyone tea and cake and asks to help him set the table. Children are actively involved in this, with the help of a teacher, they set the table. It is necessary to pay attention to the relationship between children during the game.

Building a house.

Purpose: to acquaint children with construction professions, to pay attention to the role of technology that facilitates the work of builders, to teach children to build a construction of a simple structure, to cultivate friendly relations in a team, to expand children's knowledge about the peculiarities of construction workers, to expand the vocabulary of children: to introduce the concept of "construction", "Bricklayer", "crane", "builder", "crane operator", "carpenter", "welder", "building material".

Equipment: large building materials, cars, a crane, toys for playing around with a building, pictures depicting people of the construction profession: bricklayer, carpenter, crane operator, driver, etc.

Age: 3-7 years old.

The course of the game: the teacher asks the children to guess the riddle: “What kind of turret is there, and the light is on in the window? We live in this tower, and is it called? (House) ". The teacher invites the children to build a large, spacious house where toys could settle. Children remember what kind of construction professions are, what people are doing at a construction site. They look at the pictures of the builders and talk about their responsibilities. Then the children agree to build a house. Roles are distributed among the children: some are Builders, they build a house; others are Drivers, they bring building materials to a construction site, one of the children is a Crane Operator. During construction, attention should be paid to the relationship between children. The house is ready, and new residents can move in there. Children play on their own.

In library

Purpose: to broaden the horizons of children, teach children how to use the library services correctly, apply the knowledge of literary works previously obtained in the classroom, consolidate knowledge about the librarian profession, foster respect for the librarian's work and respect for the book, expand the vocabulary of children: "library", " profession ”,“ librarian ”,“ reading room ”.

Equipment: books familiar to children, a box with pictures, a file cabinet, pencils, sets of postcards.

The course of the game: the teacher invites the children to play in the library. All together they remember who works in the library, what they do there. Children choose 2-3 Librarians themselves, each of them has several books. The rest of the children are divided into several groups. Each group is served by one Librarian. He shows many books, and in order to take a book he likes, the child must name it or briefly tell about what is written in it. You can tell a poem from a book that the child takes. During the game, they give advice to children who find it difficult to choose a book. The librarian needs to be more attentive to visitors, to show illustrations to the books he likes. Some children wish to stay in the reading room to look at sets of pictures, postcards. They share their impressions. At the end of the game, children tell how they played, what books the Librarian offered them, talk about what they liked the most.

A family

Purpose: to form an idea of ​​collective housekeeping, family budget, family relationships, joint leisure activities, foster love, a benevolent, caring attitude towards family members, interest in their activities.

Equipment: all toys necessary for playing with the family: dolls, furniture, dishes, things, etc.

The course of the game: the teacher invites the children to "play with the family." Roles are assigned at will. The family is very large, Grandma has a birthday. Everyone is busy about arranging a holiday. Some family members buy groceries, others prepare a festive dinner, set the table, and still others prepare an entertainment program. During the game, you need to observe the relationship between Family Members, help them in time.

Cosmonauts

Purpose: to expand the theme of story games, to acquaint with the work of astronauts in space, to foster courage, endurance, to expand the vocabulary of children: "outer space", "cosmodrome", "flight", "open space".

Equipment: spacecraft and building materials, seat belts, tools for working in space, toy cameras.

The course of the game: the teacher asks the children if they would like to visit space? What kind of person does it take to fly into space? (Strong, courageous, dexterous, clever.) He proposes to go into space to leave there a satellite that will transmit weather signals to Earth. You will also need to take photos of our planet from space. All together remember what else you need to take with you so that nothing could happen during the flight. Children play up the situation. They complete the task and return to Earth. The roles of Pilots, Navigator, Radio Operator, Captain are assigned at the request of the children.

In the cafe

Purpose: to teach the culture of behavior in public places, to be able to fulfill the duties of a cook, a waiter.

Equipment: the necessary equipment for the cafe, doll toys, money.

The course of the game: Buratino comes to visit the children. He met all the children, made friends with other toys. Pinocchio decides to invite his new friends to the cafe to treat them to ice cream. Everyone goes to the cafe. There they are served by waiters. Children learn how to place an order correctly, thank you for the service.

On the roads of the city

Purpose: to consolidate the knowledge of children about the rules of the road, to acquaint them with a new role - a traffic controller, to bring up endurance, patience, attention on the road.

Equipment: toy cars, flags for the traffic controller - red and green.

Course of the game: children are offered to build a beautiful building - a theater. Choosing a place to build. But first you need to transport the building material to the right place. Drivers can easily cope with this. Children take cars and go for building materials. But here's the bad luck - the traffic lights do not work on the main roads. To avoid an accident on the road, it is necessary that the traffic of cars be controlled by a traffic controller. Choosing a Regulator. He gets into a circle. He is holding red and green flags. The red flag is "stop", the green flag is "go." Everything will be all right now. The traffic controller controls the traffic.

Zoo

Purpose: to expand children's knowledge about wild animals, their habits, lifestyle, nutrition, to foster love, a humane attitude towards animals, to expand the vocabulary of children.

Equipment: toy wild animals familiar to children, cages (made of building material), tickets, money, box office.

Age: 4-5 years old.

The course of the game: the teacher informs the children that a zoo has arrived in the city, and offers to go there. Children buy tickets at the box office and go to the zoo. There they look at the animals, talk about where they live, what they eat. During the game, the attention of children should be paid to how to handle animals, how to care for them.

Fun trip

Purpose: to acquaint children with the profession of a driver, to foster respect for this profession, to expand the vocabulary of children.

Equipment: a bus made of high chairs, a steering wheel, a driver's cap, a pump.

Age: 4-5 years old.

The course of the game: the teacher invites the children to go on a fun journey by bus. A bus driver is selected, a discussion is held on what the driver should do on the road, what tools should be taken with him in case of a breakdown. Passengers collect the things they need on the road. The teacher reminds you that you need to follow the traffic rules, and everyone hit the road. On the way, you can read poetry, sing your favorite songs. The bus makes stops, Passengers rest, and the Driver checks the condition of the car, repairs it if necessary.

Kindergarten

Purpose: to expand the knowledge of children about the purpose of the kindergarten, about the professions of those people who work here - educator, nanny, cook, music worker, to educate children in the desire to imitate the actions of adults, to take care of their pupils.

Equipment: all toys needed to play kindergarten.

Age: 4-5 years old.

Course of the game: the teacher invites the children to play in kindergarten. If desired, we assign children to the roles of the Educator, Nanny, Music Director. Dolls and animals act as pupils. During the game, they monitor relationships with children, help them find a way out of difficult situations.

Salon

Purpose: to acquaint children with the profession of a hairdresser, to foster a culture of communication, to expand the vocabulary of children.

Equipment: hairdresser's robe, client's cape, hairdresser's tools - comb, scissors, bottles for cologne, varnish, hair dryer, etc.

Age: 4-5 years old.

Game progress: knock on the door. The doll Katya comes to visit the children. She meets all the children and notices a mirror in the group. The doll asks the children if they have a hairbrush? Her pigtail has come undone and she would like to comb her hair. The doll is offered to go to the hairdresser. It is clarified that there are several rooms there: for women, men, for manicure, good masters work in them, and they will quickly put Katya's hair in order. We appoint Hairdressers, they take their jobs. Other children and dolls go to the salon. Katya remains very pleased, she likes her hairstyle. She thanks the children and promises to come to this particular hairdresser next time. During the game, children will learn about the duties of a hairdresser - haircut, shaving, hair styling, manicure.

Traffic rules

Purpose: to continue teaching children to navigate by road signs, to comply with traffic rules. To educate the ability to be polite, attentive to each other, to be able to navigate in a traffic situation, to expand the vocabulary of children: "traffic police post", "traffic light", "traffic violation", "speeding", "fine".

Equipment: toy cars, road signs, traffic lights; for a traffic police officer - a police cap, a stick, a radar; driver's licenses, technical certificates.

The course of the game: children are offered to choose traffic police officers so that they keep order on the roads of the city. The rest of the children are motorists. At will, children distribute among themselves the roles of petrol station workers. During the game, children try not to violate traffic rules.

We are athletes

Purpose: to give children knowledge about the need to play sports, improve sports skills - walking, running, throwing, climbing. To develop physical qualities: quickness, dexterity, coordination of movements, an eye, orientation in space.

Course of the game: the teacher invites the children to hold a competition in different sports. At the request of children, judges and organizers of the competition are selected. The rest of the children are athletes. Everyone independently chooses the kind of sport in which they will compete with their rivals. The judges will award points for completing the task. The game ends with the awarding of the winners.

School

Purpose: to clarify the knowledge of children about what they do at school, what are the lessons, what the teacher teaches, to foster the desire to study at school, respect for the teacher's work, to expand the vocabulary of children: "school supplies", "portfolio", "pencil case", "Students", etc.

Equipment: pens, notebooks, children's books, alphabet, numbers, blackboard, chalk, pointer.

The course of the game: the teacher invites the children to play school. There is a conversation about why the school is needed, who works there, what the students are doing. At the request of the children, a Teacher is selected. The rest of the children are Pupils. The teacher assigns tasks to the students, they independently and diligently complete it. Another teacher is in another lesson. Children are engaged in the lessons of mathematics, native language, physical education, singing, etc.

Space adventure

Purpose: to teach to apply their knowledge and skills in practice, create a friendly atmosphere between children, develop their responsibility, interest, expand their vocabulary - "space", "planet", "Mars", "outer space", "weightlessness", " cosmodrome ".

Equipment: a spaceship, medical instruments for a doctor, posters of views of our planet from space.

The course of the game: the children are told that in a few minutes the spaceship will start. Those who wish can become space tourists. But in order to fly into space, you need to think about what qualities you need to possess? (To be smart, brave, strong, kind, cheerful.) And you also need to be healthy. Anyone who decides to go into space must pass a medical commission. The doctor examines the tourists and issues a permit. Children choose the Pilot, the Doctor on the ship, the Navigator. Everyone is ready to fly. The dispatcher announces the start. Passengers fasten their seat belts. From a height, children examine (pictures) the view of the planet Earth, talk about why it is called the blue planet (most of it is covered with water). Children tell what they know oceans, seas, mountains. The spacecraft makes a stop on the planet Mars. Tourists go out, inspect the planet, draw conclusions about the existence of life on this planet. The ship flies on. Next stop is Jupiter. Tourists again examine the planet, share their knowledge and impressions. The ship returns to Earth.