Children at 2-3 years old get tired quickly, they are distracted, they cannot concentrate on one subject for a long time, so classes should be short with a change of activity.

There are many interesting activities that you can do at home for the benefit of the child. So, let's begin!

Developing the imagination

What can you do with cotton balls?

- Blind from several small balls one large ball.

- Count them.

- Hold them on different parts of the body - head, shoulder or nose.

- Walk with the balls between your toes.

- Putting them on the table, try to blow them off.

Learning Colors

Choose any color, such as red, and put several items of that color in a container. Name the color of the toy when asking to give you this or that thing. For example: "Give me a red ball, please."

If the child hands you a red car, say, “Thank you very much for the red car, let's look for the red ball. And here he is."

When the child learns to recognize one color, then put objects of two colors in the container. And keep playing.

This game allows the baby to learn to recognize colors.

Learning to recognize sounds

Help your baby learn to recognize the sounds that surround him. Listen to the ticking of the clock, try to imitate it. Walk around the apartment and listen to various sounds. You yourself can become their source - open, close doors, knock against each other with wooden spoons, pour water into a glass. Play a game with your child: “What sound do you hear now?”.

This game can also be played before bed. During sleep, various sounds can interfere. Help your child get used to them. Birds, sirens, airplane noise, cars, etc. Perhaps this game will make it easier for you to go to bed.

Help me please

There are many household chores in which the baby can take a direct part.

Help you in the kitchen, collect spoons while developing dexterity and dexterity of fingers.

Fold the pots one in one, close them with suitable lids. Wash the table. Peel, banana, or lay out napkins near appliances. Expand a pack of margarine, etc. Whatever the child helps, be sure to ask him "Help me, please."

While you are preparing dinner, give your child a variety of jars and lids. Let him pick up the right ones and twist them into jars.

Massage. fun entertainment

Rails, rails

(slide your finger along the back, as if drawing rails)

Sleepers, sleepers

(swipe your finger like you're drawing horizontal sleepers)

The train was running late

(pull a fist along the baby’s back, or shake the baby if he sits on his knees)

Suddenly, peas rained down from the back window.

(lightly tap your fingers on the back)

Ducks came - pecked, pecked

(tap three fingers on the back)

Geese came - nibbled, nibbled

(Pinch baby's back)

An elephant came - trampled, trampled

(tap gently with fists on the back)

The janitor came and swept everything, swept everything.

(stroke the child's back).

Learning to distinguish forms

Walk around the apartment and look for only one form. You can also open the magazine and look there, for example, circles.

This game can be played anywhere. Kids from such a game come to an indescribable delight.

Development of coordination. Finger gymnastics

The benefits of such gymnastics are undeniable. By massaging the hands and fingers, we stimulate the work of the baby's internal organs and nervous system. Mom's touches, gentle strokes, a smile, a soft friendly voice bring great joy to the kids, emotional attachment arises. The mood of the child rises, he understands that mom (dad) loves him. Neither TV nor listening to an audio recording will allow you to establish a close emotional connection between a child and mom, dad. In addition, finger gymnastics develops coordination of movements.

With the index finger of one hand, take turns touching the fingers of the other. Start with the little finger.

This little kitten has lost his sweater.

This little warm kitten has lost a sock.

This little kitten freezes in cold and frost.

This little kitten froze his nose.

This little kitten got sick: "apkhchi", "apkhchi".

"I'd rather stay at home and knit my own socks."

(Hide your thumb in the cam).

Encourage your child to repeat the same actions after you.

Let's remember Russian folk rhymes, jokes

One, two, three, four, five!

Fingers out for a walk!

This finger found a mushroom

This finger cleaned the table,

This one cut

Well, this one just looked!

Magpie - the crow cooked porridge ...

Okay, okay, where were you? By Grandma...

Another exciting activity that develops coordination of movements

Take the rope and put it on the floor. Take the child by the hand and walk with him along it, while singing this rhyme:

I'm walking with you on a thread, on a thread

I'm walking with you on a thread

Come on one more time.

We're jumping on a string...

Let's follow the thread...

On tiptoe on a string.

Advice for parents of children of middle preschool age

Compiled by:

Guselnikova O.A.

"Toy for five-year-olds"

Let's remember our childhood. What immediately comes to mind? Of course, warm mother's hands, and a favorite teddy bear(doll, bunny, etc. - everyone has their own) . Most people associate childhood with toys. But, in addition to personal value for each of us, the toy has a universal value, as it is a creation no less grandiose than a computer. In addition, there is no teacher and educator in the world more competent and cheerful at the same time. Therefore, at least adults need to take the choice of toys very seriously.

By the age of 4-5, the child's keenest interest begins to arouse all kinds of sets of families, soldiers, animals. The child begins to invent various options for games with them. In general, at this age, all types of toys begin to be available to the child: a doll, and building material, and puzzles, and attributes of professional activity, and various technical toys. Game preferences begin to be divided by gender: boys choose cars and weapons, and girls choose dolls and everything connected with them. But both of them continue to develop interest in various types of mosaics and lotto. By the age of 6, the child awakens interest in modeling, construction, i.e. to those games that allow him to make something with his own hands.

All of the above toys can be attributed to the so-called "ready-made forms", i.e. these toys are made in a factory way and they already have a functional purpose. But there is another, no less important group - substitute objects. It includes, from the point of view of an adult, completely unnecessary things, or rather, garbage, but for a child it is the most valuable material for the development of imagination and creativity. These are all kinds of shreds, rags, boxes, stumps of planks or sticks, circles, fragments of something, etc.

The introduction of these objects is expedient from 2-3 years, since it is during this period that active speech develops, and substitute objects put the baby in front of the need to name them with a word that actually exists and is accepted in relation to this or that object. In addition, they contribute to the expansion of living space by introducing an imaginary situation.(that's a wonderful "as if"!) . You will say: “All this is good, but each of the listed toys costs money and not every family can afford them!” Yes, it certainly is. But it is important to remember the rule: Toys should be chosen, not collected! Naturally, you can not help but buy some toys for your child. But if you wish, you can make all the toys with your own hands and look for a child, they will be no less beautiful and valuable than those bought in a store. Turn on your imagination - and you will succeed. Firstly, dad can make magnificent doll furniture from scraps of wood, make a typewriter, secondly, mom can sew a magnificent doll and clothes for her from leftover yarn or fabric, thirdly, lotto and puzzles can be cut out from newspapers and magazines . On the one hand, this is a budget saving, and on the other hand, it is a good opportunity for family reunification.

I would like to dwell on one more thing - the choice of toys. If you want to buy your child a new toy, follow these 4 rules.

The toy must be:

1. Safe(look at the quality of the material from which it is made ; )

2. Aesthetic in appearance;

3. Age appropriate;

4. Multifunctional(the more actions the child can perform with the toy, the better).

In conclusion, it is necessary to remind you, dear parents, that no, even the best toy, can replace live communication with your beloved dad and mom!

"Preschooler and computer"

FROM Modern children communicate a lot with television, video and computers. If the previous generation was the generation of books, then the modern one receives information through the video sequence.

Any child's fantasies, heroes of books and fairy tales come to life on the display screen. But objects of the surrounding world, numbers and letters also come to life. Getting into a computer game, they create a special world similar to the real one, but also different from it.

Computer games are designed so that the child can imagine not a single concept or a specific situation, but get a generalized idea of ​​all similar situations or objects. Thus, children develop such important operations of thinking as generalization and classification, which, with standard training, begin to form from the age of 6-7.

One of the most important functions of computer games is educational.
Let's talk about this in more detail and see what new a computer can give compared to a living teacher. In these games, the child begins to understand very early that the objects on the screen are not real things, but only signs of these real things. In various games, these signs or symbols of real objects become more complex, become more and more generalized and less and less like the surrounding real objects.

Almost all parents know how difficult it can be to seat the baby for classes. On the computer, the child is engaged with pleasure, and will never object to the offer to work out on the computer. This is due to the fact that the computer itself is attractive to children like any new toy.

So, the computer develops many intellectual skills.

But there is one "but".

We must not forget about the golden mean, about the norm. Any medicine can become poison if taken in unreasonable doses.

You need to understand that a computer is not a magic wand that in one hour of play will make a child smart and developed right away. Like any activity, computer games require time, proper application, patience and care from adults.

There are certain time limits.

So children 3-4 years old are not recommended to sit in front of the screen for more than 20 minutes, and children 6-7 years old can increase the daily game time to half an hour. Unfortunately, now there are often children who have crossed the line of reason in communicating with a computer.

Excessive communication with a computer can not only lead to a deterioration in the child's vision, but also adversely affect his mental health.

With all the advantages of computer games, they still give the illusion of communication and do not lead to the formation of real communication skills. This is especially dangerous for shy children. Real communication gives them psycho-emotional stress, puts them in a state of stress, and then it is replaced by pseudo-communication.

The computer gives you the opportunity to be transported to another world that you can see, with which you can play.

At the same time, the child increasingly rejects the real world, where he is threatened with negative assessments and the need to change something in himself. Such a retreat into artificial reality can form in a child a semblance of psychological dependence on a computer.
In the development of real communication skills, computer skills can only play a supporting role.

How to determine the moment of onset of fatigue in children when working on a computer?

When diagnosing the condition of children, one should focus on the following 4 groups of fatigue criteria:

1. Loss of self-control: the child touches the face, sucks a finger, grimaces, shakes its legs, screams, etc.
2. Loss of interest in working with a PC: frequent distractions, conversations, switching attention to other subjects, refusal to continue working.
3. Complete fatigue: leaning the body on its side, on the back of a chair, lifting the legs with the knees resting on the edge of the table, etc.
4. Neuro-emotional reactions: screaming, bouncing, dancing, hysterical laughter, etc.

This method of observation makes it possible to identify the individual timing of the onset of fatigue for each child, depending on his state of health, well-being, individual typological characteristics of the nervous system, the quality of the computer, computer program, and other factors.

"The role of the plot-role-playing game in the development of preschool children"

Preschool childhood is the most important period of personality development. During these years, the child acquires initial knowledge about the life around him, he begins to form a certain attitude towards people, towards work, skills and habits of correct behavior are developed, and character is formed.

The main activity of preschool children is the game, it develops the spiritual and physical strength of the child; his attention, memory, imagination, discipline, dexterity. In addition, the game is a peculiar way of assimilation of social experience, characteristic of preschool age. All aspects of the child's personality are formed and developed in the game, significant changes occur in his psyche, which prepare the transition to a new, higher stage of development. Psychologists consider the game the leading activity of a preschooler. A special place in the activities of a preschooler is occupied by games that are created by the children themselves - these are creative or plot-role-playing games. In them, children produce in roles everything that they see around them in the life and activities of adults. In the game, the child begins to feel like a member of the team, he can fairly evaluate the actions and deeds of his comrades and his own.

The main features of the role-playing game are:

Compliance with the rules. The rules regulate the actions of the child and the educator and say that sometimes you need to do what you don’t want at all. An important stage in preschool development is a role-playing game, where obedience to the rule follows from the very essence of the game.

Mastering the rules of role-playing behavior in the game, the child also masters the moral norms contained in the role. Children master the motives and goals of adult activities, their attitude to their work, to events in social life, to people, to things: in the game a positive attitude is formed to the way of life of people, actions, norms and rules of behavior in society.

The social motive of games. The social motive is laid in the plot-role-playing game. The game is an opportunity for a child to find himself in the world of adults, to understand the system of adult relations on his own. When the game reaches its peak, it becomes not enough for the child to replace the attitude with the game, as a result of which the motive to change his status ripens. The only way he can do this is to go to school.

In the role-playing game, there is an emotional development. The game of the child is very rich in emotions, often those that are not yet available to him in life. The child distinguishes the game from reality, in the speech of a preschooler there are often such words: “as if”, “make-believe” and “in truth”. But despite this, gaming experiences are always sincere. The child does not pretend: the mother really loves her daughter - a doll, the driver is seriously concerned about whether it is possible to save a comrade who has been in an accident.

With the complication of the game and the game plan, the feelings of children become more conscious and complex. The game both reveals the experiences of the child, and forms his feelings. When a child imitates the astronauts, he conveys his admiration for them, his dream to become the same. And at the same time, new feelings arise: responsibility for the task assigned, joy and pride when it is successfully completed.

The plot-role-playing game is a school of feelings, it forms the emotional world of the baby.

In the course of the plot-role-playing game, the development of the intellect of a preschooler takes place. The development of the concept of a plot-role-playing game is associated with the general mental development of the child, with the formation of his interests. Children of preschool age develop an interest in various life events, in various types of adult work; they have favorite characters in books that they aspire to imitate. As a result, the ideas of games become more persistent, sometimes for a long time seize their imagination. Some games (“sailors”, “pilots”, “cosmonauts”) continue for weeks, gradually developing. At the same time, there is not a repetition of the same theme, but a gradual development, enrichment of the conceived plot. Thanks to this, the thinking and imagination of children become purposeful. The development of game creativity is also reflected in the way in which different impressions of life are combined in the content of the game.

To implement the idea of ​​a role-playing game, the child needs toys and various items that help him act in accordance with the role he has taken on. If the right toys are not at hand, then the children replace one object with another, endowing it with imaginary signs. The older and more developed the children, the more demanding they are about the objects of the game, the more they look for similarities with reality.

The development of speech. In creating an image, the role of the word is especially great. The word helps the child to reveal his thoughts and feelings, to understand the experiences of partners, to coordinate his actions with them. The development of purposefulness, the ability to combine are associated with the development of speech, with an ever-increasing ability to clothe one's ideas in words. There is a two-way relationship between speech and play. On the one hand, speech develops and is activated in the game, and on the other hand, the game itself develops under the influence of the development of speech. In older preschool age, sometimes whole episodes of the game are created with the help of a word.

Thus, it should be remembered that the role-playing game contributes to the comprehensive development of a preschool child.

"How to spend a day off with a child"

Every family has its own way of spending holidays. But in most cases, it looks like this: mom and dad are busy with their own business, the children are watching cartoons or sitting at the computer. This not only has a bad effect on the health of preschoolers, but also has a negative impact on parent-child relationships; the thread of friendship and trust is lost between parents and children. At the stage when the children are still small, this is not so scary, but when the teenage period comes, the parents will begin to reap the benefits.

After all, weekends can be fun and beneficial for the whole family. Spending time together brings the family together, and also makes it clear to the child how important he is to mom and dad. But, do not forget about the child's regimen, because after the weekend weekdays will come and the child will go to a preschool institution, where it will be easier for him to adapt to the new "working week" if the home regimen coincides with the kindergarten one.

In any weather and with any financial condition, you can have fun with your family.

These can be trips to nature: just walks in the park or you can go hiking, since there are enough sights and monuments of nature in our region. It will be interesting to walk through the forest for mushrooms or just admire nature and breathe the air. In autumn, it is very fun to collect unusual leaves, then collect them in a herbarium. At any time of the year, you can go fishing with the whole family, even if you are not lucky with the catch, you will be provided with a charge of vivacity and good mood. Especially, fishing will help strengthen the father-son relationship. Mom, at this time, can draw landscapes with her daughter that will be around or prepare a table for a family picnic. Perhaps someone is attracted to sports recreation: badminton, football, volleyball ... this can be done on the playground. Or you can arrange family sports competitions with other families. This will not only help improve the health of the child, strengthen parent-child relationships, but will also have a positive effect on the child's ability to communicate with adults and peers. You can go on a trip on bicycles, now there is a large selection of child seats that are mounted on an adult bike. In the winter season, the family will be united by building snow castles or skiing down the hill, which will be previously built together with the child. Skating is now possible not only in winter, but also in summer, thanks to indoor skating rinks, which are available in almost every major city.

If the family prefers a cultural holiday, you can go to a museum, an exhibition, a theater, a cinema or a zoo. There the child will receive not only positive emotions, but also new knowledge.

If outside the window the weather is not at all happy, you can limit yourself to the house. But do not just sit in front of the TV, but organize a family dinner, you can invite guests. Family dinners, especially if they discuss the affairs of each family member, their problems and joys, also have a positive effect on strengthening family relationships. After lunch, you can put on a play, or just read an interesting book to the children or play board games.

Also, in every district of the city, many entertainment centers are now open, where you can combine business with pleasure, relax with the whole family and make the necessary purchases.

Whatever your adventure, don't forget to take pictures. Somehow, in the evening it will be nice to sit with your family and remember the fun.

Dear parents, remember: what you teach a child to do from an early age will remain with him for life, and perhaps later he will also spend time with his children.

"Development of ideas about color, shape, size by means of educational games"

The sensory development of a child is the development of his perception and the formation of ideas about the external properties of objects: their shape, color, size, position in space, as well as smell, taste, etc. The importance of sensory development in early childhood cannot be overestimated. Most researchers consider this age to be the most favorable for the accumulation of ideas about the world around us, the improvement of the activity of the sense organs. Foreign scientists in the field of preschool pedagogy (F. Fröbel, M. Montessori, O. Decroly), as well as well-known representatives of domestic preschool pedagogy and psychology (E.I. Tiheeva, A.V. Zaporozhets, A.P. Usova, N.P. Sakkulina, L.A. Venger, E.G. Pilyugina, N.B. Wenger and others) that sensory development is one of the main aspects of preschool education, because aimed at ensuring full intellectual development.
The game is the leading activity of children, it permeates their whole life. Promotes physical and spiritual health, is a wealth of information, a method of teaching and raising children. With its help, conditions are created for the development of creative abilities of the comprehensive development of the child. Sensory games are of exceptional importance for the formation of important qualities of the child's psyche.
First of all, children develop the ability to independently occupy themselves with something and perform appropriate actions with objects. For example, assemble and disassemble toys, open and close folding nesting dolls, roll balls, string rings on a rod. At the same time, the motor skills of the hands and the eye are improved. Through touch, muscle feeling, vision, the child begins to distinguish and name the shape, size, color of objects. He feels that one object is hard, the other soft. Some items are durable, others are easily destroyed, torn, crumpled, etc.
Difference and color - children visually perceive different colors. If adults accompany the child's actions with a word, designate these actions, the qualities of objects, then on this basis his vocabulary is enriched, speech develops. First, children learn to understand what they are told, and then they themselves master new words. In the process of activity, sensory games, the thinking of children develops. Getting acquainted with the properties of objects and their names, children early come to the first general ideas. It turns out that "big" objects can be different in appearance, balls, cubes, nesting dolls. The same color can be different things. Children in the third year of life develop the first general ideas about the shape, size, color. In the process of activity with a didactic toy, the ability, ingenuity in children develops. To, for example, assemble a nesting doll, you must always put the smaller one into the larger one, realizing where it has the lower and upper parts. The ability to choose balls, cubes of a certain color teaches kids to the primary selection of objects according to one attribute.
Games - classes on size, shape, color bring up concentration, the ability to calmly, without being distracted, do one thing for a while. The stability of attention develops, especially when the child imitates adults. He must take a closer look at what he was shown and reproduce these actions. For a small child, it is not so easy. The actions of children with didactic toys and aids always pose a mental task for the child: he tries to achieve a result - to assemble a turret, fold a nesting doll, pick up beautiful feathers for a rooster's tail, etc. So. purposefulness, activity and some regularity of actions are gradually formed.

Thus, the role of didactic games and sensory studies in the mental education of children is undeniable.

"FIRST TIME TO THE THEATER"

The Children's Theater is a unique place where a special atmosphere of a fairy tale is created. Once in the theater, the kid sincerely believes in what is happening on the stage, completely dissolving in the theatrical action. Perceiving the game as life, the child does not distinguish between entertainment and ordinary activities.

The theater has an amazing ability to influence the child's psyche "easily". The kid joins the action on the stage, empathizes with the heroes, actively helps to do good deeds. The child imitates facial expressions, voice intonations, movements of actors. Due to the positive emotional mood that appears during the performance, the child easily learns new models of behavior worthy of imitation, and perceives the actions of negative characters adequately to the situation.

The theater can become your friend in the educational process. Revived book characters gain weight in the eyes of the baby, it is easier for him to separate the good from the bad, as the familiar plot is combined with lively speech, with the right shades of voice.

Watching the performance develops the baby's speech, saturating it with emotionally expressive shades; the baby easily remembers new words and expressions, while the grammatical structure of the language is formed in his mind.

For a child, watching a theatrical performance is always combined with a lot of inner work. He learns to feel, to capture other people's emotions, to experience. The expression "school of feelings", which is used in relation to the theater, is not an abstraction at all.

The theater combines several arts: rhetoric, music, plasticity. Acquaintance with the theater is an easy and unconstrained way of influence, which will delight, surprise and charm the baby.

A successful choice of performance is half the success in "cultural education" of your baby. For the first visit, it is undesirable to buy tickets for a theatrical performance, the plot of which is unknown to you. So that the baby is not confused, it would be nice to prepare him: read a fairy tale, based on which the play was staged, show the drawings, commenting on them. Moreover, theatrical performances for kids sometimes differ from well-known literary plots. Choose a play that is appropriate for your child's age. Fairy tale performances are ideal for children under three years old, and they are also interested in performances in which animals participate.

Try to avoid going to the theater during school holidays and, if possible, on weekends. A large crowd of people will prevent the baby from adapting to a new place. It is better to buy tickets in advance: there may not be any before the performance, since children's theaters are usually small and the number of spectators in them is limited. If it is not possible to buy tickets to places where the child will see and hear everything, it is better to refuse to visit this time. The kid will not be able to focus on the action. He will have to strain his eyesight and hearing, and this will lead to rapid fatigue and loss of attention.

All theaters are set up differently. When buying tickets, pay attention to what the hall is like, where the stage is, whether the seats are high. When visiting for the first time, it is better to buy tickets towards the middle (approximately in the fifth row). Even if the action of the performance suddenly moves to the hall, the child will not be afraid. On the contrary, feeling your support, he will show interest in what is happening and want to touch the heroes of the fairy tale.

Try to leave the house early. Otherwise, the fear of being late will be the main emotion associated with our "cultural event". It is best to arrive at the performance 30 minutes in advance.

If the baby is overtired or feels unwell and needs emotional and physical rest, and poor health and a "theater" day coincided, it is better to postpone a visit to the theater.

Try to precede the trip to the theater with your explanations. Tell us about the rules of conduct in the theater. Invite your child to help you carry things to the wardrobe and take a number.

Many mothers, visiting the theater with their child, try to bring him immediately to the buffet. Try not to make this mistake. First, your child may be too small for the treats that theater buffets offer. In addition, it is better to avoid long lines and large crowds of people. Take something to eat with you: an apple, juice or cookies during the intermission will please the child. Do not feed the baby during the performance: this will distract his attention from the stage and will interfere with others.

It would be great if there was a special "theatrical" dress or costume in the child's wardrobe. It is very good if you teach your child to change into changeable shoes. After all, even the most beautiful dress will not look if you wear warm boots on your feet. In addition, theaters usually have good heating, and the baby will be more comfortable in light shoes.

After the theater, when the baby has a rest, take an interest in his impressions, recall the names of the characters, if he forgot them, explain what was not clear. For many children, going to the theater is such a big event that the kid is not able to immediately express his feelings in words. It is best if you spend some time discussing the performance, encouraging the child to express his opinion with questions. It is quite possible that his impressions will manifest themselves in the most unexpected form, for example in a game. The child will present his toys as the heroes of the play.

And, perhaps, he will look forward to the next visit to the theater.

"The Dangers of Children in the Summer"

Summer is in full swing. Children have holidays, parents have holidays. Lovers of countryside holidays spend a lot of time with the whole family in their summer cottages. Of course, all of us - adults - wish our children only the best, and therefore we try to protect them from all sorts of dangers and troubles that can overshadow the rest. But you can't foresee everything... Moreover, problems sometimes lurk where they were not expected.

One of these dangers is sun and heat stroke.

When a child runs in direct sunlight without a hat, he runs the risk of getting sunstroke, that is, overheating of the head. Overheating of the whole body leads to heat stroke. The body can overheat if the child is too warmly dressed or stays in a stuffy hot room for a long time. The symptoms are similar for both strokes: lethargic, sleepy, there is an increase in temperature, rarely, but fainting occurs. Children may be thirsty and have a headache.

During the period of solar activity (from 10 am to 4 pm), try to make sure that the child is not under the direct rays of the sun. Do not forget to pick up a hat, dress the child in loose clothing made from natural fabrics.

On sunny days, children, like adults, need to drink plenty of water. Try from childhood to teach your child to drink plain water without gas, sugar and flavorings, sweet drinks only increase thirst.

The child should immediately be moved to the shade. On the head, neck, armpits, groin, you need to put a cold compress, which should be changed as it dries. You can wrap your baby in a wet sheet. After an hour or an hour and a half, the temperature should return to normal. To prevent dehydration of the body, the child should be given to drink warm water more often, in which it is better to add lemon.

An equally serious danger in the summer issunburn . It is recommended to go to the beach with the child before ten o'clock in the morning and after five o'clock in the evening, with all this, the child should be in partial shade.

In the first 2-3 days after arriving in the south, the children should not be undressed, but on the contrary, dressed in light, loose clothing that covers the whole body. And only then, gradually expose the body. Otherwise, burns may appear on the child’s body - redness, sores, or even blisters.

Stock up on sunscreen for the summer to avoid sunburn. Apply them 10-20 minutes before leaving the house or immediately after swimming in open sources. The optimal degree of protection for children is SPF-20 and SPF-30. If your baby has not even gone to school yet, choose a cream or milk among all sun protection products, they will not dry out the delicate skin of children.

What should be done if such a situation occurs?

If the worst happens, then spread panthenol or another similar remedy on the affected area. Bubbles can not be pierced, you can bring the infection. And do not go out with the child in the sun until he recovers.

Another, but rather strange danger in the summer, ishypothermia.

Children are not immune from it even in hot weather. For example, if a child has not crawled out of a river or lake for more than an hour, or after running through puddles, he came home with wet feet (but for this to really be the cause of hypothermia, he needs to run all day long). If the child is overcooled, he begins to chill, a rare pulse, the skin turns pale, while bathing, the lips turn blue.

The child needs to be warmed, rub the skin and drink hot tea. If the child gets his feet wet, then they should be steamed. Or put his handles under hot water,feet will also be warm. Put on warm socks for the child and put him to bed. And so that the child does not get cold from swimming in the river, do not allow him to stay there for a long time. Five to ten minutes will be enough to get you started. But you can go into the river several times. Do not let the child, who is very warm in the sun, immediately go for a swim, let him cool down in the shade first.

Injuries summer is also excluded. In the summer, the kids run and jump a lot, all this, of course, is good. Sometimes all of this can lead to injuries, from minor ones like scratches, bruised elbows and knees, to more serious ones like fractures and concussions.Toserious injuries are rare, it is enough just to look after the child well and explain in time why this or that situation is dangerous. It is good if the child has been vaccinated against tetanus, which will protect him from infection if he is injured by a rusty nail or wire.

How to help a child in this situation?

If your child is still injured, then immediately go to the emergency room and rule out a fracture. If you are in the country, then observe the behavior of the child during the day. In children, even fractures sometimes occur without symptoms, and edema appears only on the second or third day. Then, if there is still any suspicion, then go to the emergency room. Rest the affected part of the body.

Did the child hit his head? He became lethargic, irritable and started to vomit, this may indicate a concussion. If you suspect a child has a spinal injury, then lay the child on a flat surface and take him to the hospital.

It is enough to wash simple wounds with water, treat with hydrogen peroxide and brilliant green, then you can apply a bandage.

Also, the danger may be fraught withpoisonous plants .

Many even harmless plants can cause problems for a child. And even worse, if the child eats poisonous wolfberries, henbane or fly agaric ... The main task of adults, in order to prevent such a nuisance, is to keep the child out of sight. Older children should be introduced to poisonous plants.

If the child nevertheless tried poisonous mushrooms or berries, then proceed as in case of poisoning: let the child drink a large amount of water, then induce vomiting and again drink a lot of water. You need to call a doctor if the child has become drowsy, lethargic, or vice versa, too excitable, he has dry mouth

The most common attack in the summer ispoisoning, in other words intestinal infections. Has the child eaten spoiled yogurt, or unwashed fruit or vegetables, orwash your hands, but the result is the same - poisoning with all its bad consequences, such as: vomiting, nausea, fever and loose stools. Similar symptoms can appear as a couple of hours after the ingestion of toxins, and after six to twelve hours.

How to help a child in this situation?

First of all, it is necessary to remove toxic substances from the stomach as soon as possible, for this it must be washed, and then the lost fluid must be replenished. Give the child a lot of warm drink, then try to make him vomit by pressing on the root of the tongue. Then again water and vomiting.

Then sorbents should be given: enterosgel, smecta. If there are no sorbents at hand, then give the child a cracker of black bread, he will take some toxins into himself. The main thing - you need to give frequent plentiful drink in order to quickly remove toxins and replenish the loss of fluid in the body. However, be sure to call your doctor.

Lots of summervarious insects .

Flies and mosquitoes are not as dangerous as ticks, bees and wasps, because they can be carriers of dangerous diseases. It is best to vaccinate your child against tick-borne encephalitis in early spring. If you have not been vaccinated for any reason, then be careful not to let your child run through the tall grass.

Before going for a walk in the woods, dress your child in trousers, a long-sleeved shirt and a hat. If your child is allergic to mosquito, bee, or wasp stings, put screens over the windows to prevent them from getting in. .

How to help a child in this situation?

If, nevertheless, the child is bitten by a tick, then immediately consult a doctor. The doctor will pull out the insect and inject a special medicine. If a child is bitten by a bee, then you need to carefully remove the sting, rinse the wound with water and apply ice, this will help relieve itching and burning. Give an allergy medication. If the child has become lethargic, his voice is hoarse and the bite is increasing, then call an ambulance.

If you are careful and follow the above tips and recommendations, then nothing can overshadow your summer vacation, neither for your child, nor for you. Summer dangers for children will pass by!

Advice for parents

"Clothes for walking"

This must not be forgotten

Clothes and footwear for kindergarten, for walks.

Clothes for walks should be selected in such a way that the child can dress with minimal help from the caregiver or on his own.

Shoes should be without laces - for example, with zippers or Velcro.

The jacket must be buttonless. The best fasteners are Velcro or zippers.

It is better to buy a hat without ties - for example, with Velcro.

Instead of a scarf, it is more convenient to use a "shirt-front", which is put on over the head.

For small children, it is better to buy not gloves, but mittens. Toddlers of older groups, on the contrary, are more comfortable in gloves. In spring and autumn, the fabric from which the mittens are sewn should be waterproof. To mittens you need to sew a ribbon or elastic band. Don't sew elastic on your jacket! It is enough to pass it through the hanger loop so that it can be removed and dried on a radiator.

Children are equally harmful as overheating and hypothermia. The number of layers of clothing depends on the air temperature. Additionally, you need to take into account the strength of the wind. At the same negative air temperature, a person freezes the more, the greater the wind speed.

Of great importance are the individual characteristics of the child. A sedentary, constantly chilling child should be dressed warmer than an active one. Too wrapped up babies can be found much more often than not warmly dressed.
Many mothers, going for a walk, try to dress their child warmer than they dress themselves. But if this is a walk, during which the child is constantly moving, and the mother is watching him, then this is wrong. A sweaty child is much more likely to get sick than one dressed for the weather. In addition, sweat can cause irritation and rashes in the child.

Children should be dressed no warmer than adults, and perhaps even lighter. (We are not talking about children "walking" in strollers, they need additional protection.)
When dressing a child, remember that children are less cold than adults and move more.

The "right" shoes

Distinguish between home, street and sports shoes. Shoes for kindergarten - a variant of home shoes. Toddlers should not wear slippers of any kind, soft, loose rag slippers. Home slippers should resemble shoes - tight-fitting, open, with good ventilation.

In summer, when it is warm enough and
there is no danger of injuring or splintering the leg, it is necessary and useful for children to walk barefoot on the ground, grass, wet sand, pebbles.

Street shoes are more closed than indoor shoes. In the warm season, textile shoes are comfortable - light, breathable and hygroscopic. If you buy sandals, the child's foot must be tightly fixed with straps. It is better to choose a closed toe of street shoes for the prevention of injuries.
Rubber boots with insoles or covers made of a fabric that absorbs moisture well are worn in relatively warm weather while walking on wet ground and grass. Do not put on your child (at least until 3-4 years of age) rubber boots too often or for a long time - their feet sweat a lot. At low air temperatures, it is better for children to wear leather boots.

In winter, you should wear insulated leather boots for walks, and in very severe frosts, boots with galoshes. Upon returning from walks, shoes must be cleaned of snow and dried. Make sure that winter shoes are not too small for the child. Boots or boots that are a little big can be worn with two pairs of socks.
Sports shoes should support the foot during active movements. Non-smooth, shock-absorbing soles and tight fixation are important for injury prevention. "Velcro" allows you to achieve the perfect fit of the legs, taking into account their anatomical features. Czech children wear only for music lessons, they are not suitable for physical education. The thin leather sole slips and does not cushion, the Czechs also do not provide fixation and support for the foot.

Orthopedists do not recommend wearing someone else's used shoes. Worn-in shoes will not tightly fix the foot in the correct position, and if the previous owner had a deformity of the foot, then the defects that arose during wearing will have an adverse effect. "Inheritance" can only be passed on rubber boots or shoes that have hardly been worn.

It is equally important to choose the right socks. They should be the right size - small ones squeeze the legs, and large ones gather in folds and contribute to the formation of scuffs. Socks with heels are much more comfortable than socks without. Quality socks have thicker material at the heels and toes than elsewhere, making them more durable.

Socks made of natural fibers (cotton and wool) absorb moisture better and allow the feet to “breathe”

Advice for parents

"Speech of young children"

The main tasks of toddlers and young children (up to the fourth year of life) are the general development of speech, vocabulary enrichment, the formation of grammatically correct speech, the development of coherent speech, familiarization with fiction, preparation for the correct articulation of sounds (except for whistling, hissing and sonorous). Let's consider each task.

The enrichment of the dictionary is carried out by expanding the horizons: going to the park, forest, zoo, cinema and circus, reading books, guessing and guessing riddles, observing nature and the work of adults.

Two-year-olds can have between 45 and 1,000+ words in their vocabulary. It is important that the child's speech does not contain jargon and truncated words (great, telly).

The formation of grammatically correct speech means the coordination of words in a sentence, the change of words in cases, numbers, tenses.

The child may incorrectly use prepositions or not use them, incorrectly change the endings by analogy with other objects (eat with a spoon, dig with a shovel, a lot of pencils).

These phenomena should disappear by the age of four if adults pay attention to word endings, agreement, and tactfully correct the mistakes of their children.

As for the development of coherent speech, the first phrases normally appear by one and a half to two years. In order for speech to be sufficiently developed, adults should:

To teach children to compose a descriptive story, naming the characteristic features of the subject (according to the model);

Learn to make simple sentences on the picture;

Learn to retell familiar fairy tales, stories;

Memorize simple poems with children;

Dialogue – talking with parents and other adults, asking and answering questions.

In the course of getting acquainted with fiction, parents need to read as many Russian folk tales as possible, fairy tales of Soviet and modern writers, be sure to ask questions about the text after reading, let the child answer them.

In parallel with other tasks on the general development of speech, tasks are solved on the formation of the correct pronunciation of vowels and consonants (except for [s], [s], [c], [w], [g], [h], [u], [l ], [p] - these sounds appear between three, six and seven years).

At the age of two years, the child masters the pronunciation of only the simplest sounds in terms of articulation - vowels [a], [o], [e] and consonants [p], [b], [m]. At the age of two to three years, vowels [i], [s], [y] and consonants [f], [c], [t], [d], [n], [k], [g], [x], [d].

All other sounds are more complex in terms of articulation and are replaced by all of the above - simpler ones.

Sounds [r] and [l] appear at the age of five to seven years.

Most importantly: the child must hear phonetically correct speech from others and, comparing with his own, try to correct inconsistencies.

The development of fine motor skills of the fingers will help the development of speech in toddlers and younger children. Therefore, it is necessary to teach children how to use a spoon, dress, fasten buttons, zippers, put together puzzles and mosaics, lace up shoes and perform other actions to develop hand muscle coordination and visual control.

Advice for parents

"Adaptation of young children to kindergarten"

Adaptation of young children

Ended up nursery patronage. And now the baby crosses the threshold of kindergarten. In the life of a child, the most difficult period begins for his entire stay in kindergarten - the period of adaptation.

Adaptation is usually called the process of a child entering a new environment and getting used to its conditions.

In children during the adaptation period, appetite, sleep, and emotional state may be disturbed. Some toddlers experience a loss of already established positive habits and skills. For example, at home he asked for a potty - he does not do this in kindergarten, he ate at home on his own, but refuses in kindergarten. Decrease in appetite, sleep, emotional state leads to a decrease in immunity, to a deterioration in physical development, weight loss, and sometimes to a disease.

There are three degrees of adaptation: mild, moderate and severe.

With easy adaptation, the negative emotional state does not last long. At this time, the baby does not sleep well, loses appetite, and is reluctant to play with children. But within the first month after entering kindergarten, as you get used to the new conditions, everything returns to normal. The child usually does not get sick during the adaptation period.

With moderate adaptation, the emotional state of the child returns to normal more slowly, and during the first month after admission, he usually suffers from acute respiratory infections. The disease lasts 7-10 days and ends without any complications.

The most undesirable is a difficult adaptation, when the emotional state of the child returns to normal very slowly (sometimes this process lasts several months). During this period, the child either suffers from repeated illnesses, often with complications, or exhibits persistent behavioral disorders. Severe adaptation negatively affects both the health and development of children.

What determines the nature and duration of the adaptation period?

Studies of teachers and doctors show that the nature of adaptation depends on the following factors:

the age of the child. It is more difficult for children aged 10-11 months to 2 years to adapt to new conditions. After 2 years, children can adapt to new living conditions much easier. This is explained by the fact that by this age they become more inquisitive, they understand the speech of an adult well, they have a richer experience of behavior in different conditions.

The health and developmental status of the child. A healthy, well-developed child is more likely to endure the difficulties of social adaptation.

Formation of objective activity. Such a child can be interested in a new toy, activities.

individual features. Children of the same age behave differently in the first days of their stay in kindergarten. Some children cry, refuse to eat, sleep, they react to every suggestion of an adult with a violent protest. But a few days pass, and the child's behavior changes: appetite, sleep are restored, the child follows the game of his comrades with interest. Others, on the contrary, are outwardly calm on the first day. Without objection, they fulfill the requirements of the educator, and in the following days they part with their parents with tears, eat poorly, sleep, and do not take part in games. This behavior can continue for several weeks.

living conditions in the family. This is the creation of a daily routine in accordance with age and individual characteristics, the formation of children's skills and abilities, as well as personal qualities (the ability to play with toys, communicate with adults and children, take care of themselves, etc.). If a child comes from a family where the conditions for his proper development were not created, then, naturally, it will be very difficult for him to get used to the conditions of a preschool institution.

The level of fitness of adaptive mechanisms, experience of communication with peers and adults. The training of mechanisms does not happen by itself. It is necessary to create conditions that require new forms of behavior from the child. Toddlers who, before entering kindergarten, repeatedly found themselves in different conditions (visited relatives, acquaintances, went to the country, etc.), get used to a preschool institution more easily. It is important that in the family the child develops a trusting relationship with adults, the ability to positively relate to the requirements of adults.

Objective indicators of the end of the period of adaptation in children are:

· deep dream;

· a good appetite;

a cheerful emotional state;

Complete restoration of existing habits and skills, active behavior;

age-appropriate weight gain.

Games during the period of adaptation of the child to kindergarten

To reduce stress, it is necessary to switch the baby's attention to activities that bring him pleasure. It is, first of all, a game.

The game "Pour, pour, compare"

Toys, foam rubber sponges, tubes, bottles with holes are lowered into the basin with water. You can fill a bowl of water with buttons, small cubes, etc. and play with them:

take as many items as possible in one hand and pour them into the other;

collect with one hand, for example, beads, and with the other - pebbles;

Raise as many objects as possible on the palms.

After completing each task, the child relaxes the hands, holding them in the water. The duration of the exercise is about five minutes, until the water cools down. At the end of the game, the child's hands should be rubbed with a towel for one minute.

The game "Drawings in the sand"

Scatter the semolina on a tray. You can pour it in a slide or smooth it out. Bunnies will jump on the tray, elephants will stomp, it will rain. The sun's rays will warm it, and a pattern will appear on it. And what kind of drawing, a child will tell you, who will be happy to join this game. It is useful to perform movements with two hands.

The game "Talk to the toy"

Put on a glove toy. There is also a glove toy on the child's hand. You touch her, you can stroke and tickle her, while asking: “Why is my ... sad, his eyes are wet; who he made friends with in kindergarten, what are the names of his friends, what games did they play”, etc. Talk to each other, say hello with your fingers. Using the image of a toy, transferring his feelings and moods to it, the child will tell you what worries him, share what is difficult to express.

Dear parents, play with your children more often! They will be surrounded by love, care and will be easier to adapt to kindergarten!

Hardening of young children

Target: Increasing the competence of parents in promoting the health of young children.
Tasks: To acquaint parents with a set of measures for hardening young children.
Maintain a positive emotional state of the child through the use of tempering procedures.
Encourage healthy lifestyle habits in young children.

Tempering a young child

In young children, there is a rapid increase in mobility, they begin to crawl and move around the room, exploring everything that comes their way. Sensory develops - the child interacts with objects: turns over, throws, overturns them, tries to feel and taste everything.
At this age, it is very important to give the child a sense of care and warmth.
It is especially important during this period to monitor the health of the child, since at an early age the formation of all body functions occurs.
In order for your child to get stronger, so that the balance of the baby’s nervous processes is consolidated, you should maintain a positive emotional state of your child, because you probably noticed that the deterioration of the baby’s health affects the attitude to the environment: susceptibility to impressions, speech and motor skills decrease.
- "What to do?" you say.
To increase the body's resistance to adverse environmental conditions, it is recommended to harden the body.
Hardening is a proven means of improving health!
The hardening procedures are based on the gradual accustoming of the body to a change in different temperatures. At the same time, a person gradually develops adaptation to the external environment. In the process of hardening, the work of the body is improved: the physico-chemical state of cells, the activity of all organs and their systems are improved. As a result of hardening, working capacity increases, morbidity decreases, especially colds, and well-being improves.
A common type of hardening - walking barefoot.
It will not be difficult if you and your baby walk barefoot together. Walking barefoot can be an interesting game for your baby if he walks not just on a flat surface, but on massage mats that can be purchased in children's stores. It will be doubly pleasant for you and your baby to walk barefoot on a do-it-yourself rug.
Dear parents, we offer you examples of making massage mats.
1. From a dense fabric, sew a bag in the form of a pillowcase, sew plastic bottle caps in a checkerboard pattern inside the bag and sew up the last side. It turns out a pillow with a "stuffing" of plastic covers, on which you can walk barefoot.
2. From the bologna material, cut out a rug of arbitrary shape, for example, the shape of a berry or any fruit, overcast the edges. Sew on buttons of different sizes in the form of various patterns on the upper side of the rug.
3. Cut out a rug from a dense material, overcast the edges. Sew on the surface on which your child will walk, scraps of material of different textures: flannel, woolen fabric, knitted fabric, etc., which is at hand.
The attention of the child will be concentrated on such rugs, because it is interesting to know what is sewn on the rug.
Well, the well-known expression: "The sun, air and water are our best friends!" more important than ever when hardening the body of a young child.
Hardening by air baths should be carried out continuously. Be sure to ventilate the room where your child is. This should be done during the absence of the baby and prevent hypothermia by more than 1-2 degrees. Transoms should be closed 30 minutes before the arrival of the child.
Air baths your baby can get by staying for a few minutes in the same panties, for example, when changing clothes. The air temperature should be 18-19 degrees.
Air baths are good to combine with physical exercises.
Ask the child to raise his hands up, then lower them down. Try to massage the child's abdomen, ask him to stroke his own tummy. Jump with your child like bunnies, walk like a clumsy bear.
And, of course, daily walks with the child should be done twice a day: before lunch and in the evening before bedtime.
Intensive hardening method are water procedures: general dousing and rubbing the feet.
Pouring feet
It is important to know that dousing the feet has a good effect in the prevention of colds.
Washing the feet is carried out daily at bedtime for a year.
Start pouring feet with water, the temperature of which does not exceed 28 degrees.
Gradually, the water temperature is reduced to 15-14 C (every 3-5 days by 1 degree).
After washing the foot, rub it thoroughly with a towel.
Baby takes a bath- the most common and loved by all procedures. In order to improve and treat children, temperature baths (34-37 C) and warm baths (38-39 C) are actively used.

Shared fresh baths indifferent temperature (34-37 C) and warm baths (38-39) have a sedative effect, reduce irritability, normalize sleep, have an analgesic and vasodilating effect.
Coniferous baths beneficial effect on the health of your baby. Such a bath for a child can be prepared by adding needles, which are better to stock up yourself, or buy at a pharmacy. A child should take such a bath at a water temperature of 34-36 degrees. The duration of the reception is 10-15 minutes.
Chamomile baths
0.5-1.0 kg of chamomile flowers are poured into 5 liters of boiling water, allowed to stand for 30 minutes. Note the infusion must be filtered and added to the bath. Such a bath should be taken at a water temperature of 34-36 degrees for 10-15 minutes.
Finally, mustard baths that are used for acute respiratory infections in children.
To prepare a mustard bath, dry mustard (at the rate of 10-15 g of mustard per 10-15 liters of fresh water) is preliminarily diluted in warm (38-39 degrees) water to the consistency of liquid sour cream. Then the resulting portion of mustard is poured into a container with the required volume of water, further stirring. The duration of taking such a bath is also 10-15 minutes at a water temperature of 39-40 degrees.
It should be remembered that mustard baths are contraindicated in case of hyperthermia (fever) in a child!
Hardening also includes: compliance with the daily routine and a balanced diet.

May your baby grow up strong and be always healthy!!!

Memo for parents when a child enters kindergarten

Hello baby!

Dear parents!

An important event has happened in the life of your family: your baby is going to kindergarten! Congratulations!
All worries about choosing a kindergarten, getting a ticket are over. But the question arises, how can your such a small child get used to a new environment for him? How can I make this period easier for him?

Separation from home, relatives, meeting new adults and children can be a serious stress factor. It is very important that this transition be smooth, soft.
The duration of the adaptation period is individual. Getting used to preschool is also a test for parents, an indicator of how ready they are to support the child, to help him overcome difficulties.

In our kindergarten, children receive physical and musical development, act with didactic and building materials, get acquainted with the world around them, expand their passive vocabulary and improve active speech.

ATTENTION!
To avoid injuries, parents need to check the contents of the pockets in the child's clothing for the presence of dangerous objects (sharp, cutting, glass, small objects, pills, lollipops, chewing gum ...).

A child who does not attend kindergarten for more than five days must have a certificate from a doctor.

Your child should be weaned off breasts, nipples, bottles and diapers by the time they visit kindergarten.

To create comfortable conditions for a child to stay in a preschool educational institution, it is necessary:

At least three sets of changeable underwear (for boys - panties, tights, shorts; for girls - panties, tights). In warm weather - socks or golfs).
a sufficient number of handkerchiefs (a handkerchief is also necessary for a child on a walk: please put the handkerchief in the pocket of outerwear).
laundry bag.
all clothing must be marked (write the full name).
neat appearance, clothes and shoes fastened to all buttons;
washed face;
clean nose, hands, trimmed nails;
trimmed and carefully combed hair (if girls have long hair, then it is necessary to collect them);
clean underwear;
clothes should be true to size (not too big and even more so small);
ties and fasteners on clothes should be located so that the child can serve himself;
it is undesirable to wear overalls (this interferes with the formation of independent cultural and hygienic skills);
shoes should be light, fit the child's foot, easy to put on and take off, have a fixed heel, a low heel, preferably with a clasp.

Adaptation- this is a complex process of adaptation of the body, which occurs at different levels: physiological, socio-psychological.

To make the first weeks of your stay in kindergarten as stress-free as possible, take into account the following recommendations:
- tell the child what kindergarten is, why children go there;
- try to establish the correct daily routine (bring it closer to the kindergarten regimen).
- get to know the kindergarten regime in advance and bring the conditions of upbringing in the family as close as possible to it (earlier rise, time for daytime sleep and meals ...)
- instill in the child the necessary self-service skills in advance;
- get the necessary vaccinations in advance;
- try to rid the child of bad habits (sucking fingers and biting nails, eating from a bottle, constantly sucking on a pacifier, sleeping with obligatory motion sickness);
- in the first days the child stays in kindergarten for 1-2 hours, then his stay is brought to a full day for 2-3 weeks;
- it is advisable to give the child a couple of days of rest if he categorically refuses to go to kindergarten;
- if it is very difficult for the child and mother to part, then the father or someone else from relatives can take the child to kindergarten;
- get to know the teachers of the group in advance, tell us about the individual characteristics of your child;
- never scare a child with a kindergarten;
- do not drag out the moment of parting with the child in kindergarten, but do not leave secretly (think up and rehearse in advance several different ways of saying goodbye: an air kiss, stroking the back ...);
- maintain a calm environment at home;
- do not overload the child with new information, do not visit crowded places and do not take noisy companies at home;
- do not show your excitement and anxiety in front of the child;
- be patient;
Show your child your love and care.
Most likely, if you try to fulfill all these conditions, then your baby will be fine to cope with the changes in his life. The task of parents at this time is to be calm, patient, attentive and caring.

Typical mistakes of parents (during the period of adaptation of the child to the preschool educational institution)

1. On weekends, you should adhere to the daily routine adopted in the preschool educational institution, repeat all the activities that the baby has already learned.
2. Blaming and punishing a child for crying.
Parents' unpreparedness for the child's negative reaction to the preschool educational institution (remember that for the baby this is the first social experience, tearfulness, some hysteria during the period of adaptation to the preschool educational institution is normal).
3. Early return to work (when your first working week after the decree coincides with the first week of the child's stay in kindergarten). Remember the possible frequent illnesses of the child in the initial period of visiting the preschool educational institution.
4. Being in a state of anxiety, anxiety (do not think about public opinion when your child screams in the locker room in the morning, all parents go through this, and this does not mean at all that you are not good enough in the role of "mom" or "dad") .
5. Reduced attention to the child (satisfied with the work of the preschool educational institution, some mothers sigh with relief and no longer pay as much attention to the baby as before). On the contrary, spend as much time as possible with your child during the adjustment period.
6. In the first year of attending a kindergarten, we do not recommend enrolling a child in additional classes, circles or sections.

Good luck! We are next to you! We can do this!

How to prepare your child for sleep

How many hours does a preschool child need to sleep?

There is no single answer, it all depends on the individual child - his temperament, state of health and the characteristics of the day spent.

A mobile, frisky child of choleric temperament in the evening either cannot calm down from overexcitation for a long time, or, conversely, instantly falls asleep as soon as his head touches the pillow. Such a child needs less time to sleep than others, however, parents need to ensure that in the daily routine of a moving baby, time must be allocated for an afternoon nap. This will allow nimble children to moderate their ardor a little and calm down.

Calm, sluggish children need both daytime and full night sleep no less necessary. It is hard for a balanced child to be in the company of noisy, scurrying choleric people, and he just needs a saving outlet in the form of daytime sleep.

Also, events or situations occur in the life of preschoolers that have an incredibly strong influence on the psyche of the child, but, from the point of view of an adult, are not so significant: moving to another apartment, moving to another group or kindergarten, losing a pet, etc. This can have such a strong impact on fragile souls that their owners can lose sleep for a long time. It is necessary to be attentive to changes in the behavior of a son or daughter and take the necessary measures in time.

Finally, a few tips for parents on preparing babies for bed:
Avoid noisy outdoor games a few hours before bedtime.
If possible, take the whole family for a walk near the house so that the body receives as much oxygen as possible.
In the warm season, the window in the bedroom can be left open all night, in winter it is enough to ventilate the room before going to bed.
Create a calm, soothing evening environment.

By following these simple tips, it will not be difficult for you to allow your child to enjoy healthy, healthy and enjoyable sleep.

Advice for parents

"Health is in order - thanks in charging"

Target: to develop the interest of children (2-3 years old) and parents in morning exercises, to maintain and strengthen the health of children. To form moral and volitional qualities in children (restraint, organization, independence, perseverance). Encourage parents to actively participate in the child's sports life.
The need for movement is inherent in the baby from birth. And the task of parents is not only to help the child develop harmoniously, to master new skills and abilities, but also not to discourage the desire to play sports in the future. The kid only through his own sensations learns a huge and attractive world. And to consolidate the innate love for movement, to make the baby more dexterous and resilient, to direct irrepressible energy into a “peaceful” channel, games and exercises that kids will enjoy will help.
Every mom and dad is well aware that physical exercise affects the functioning of all organs and systems. Sports activities improve metabolism, blood composition, train the cardiovascular system, increase immunity. But not all parents know that the physical development of the baby is also inseparably linked with his intellectual development. The better a child can run, jump, climb, the faster and more harmoniously his brain develops. Movement is the only activity that makes both the left and right hemispheres of the brain work at the same time. Therefore, it is important to introduce the baby to physical exercises as early as possible and strive for sports activities to be a source of joy and pleasure for the child, and in no case - coercion. It is necessary to accustom the baby to daily morning exercises. It's no secret that not all of us do it in the morning. But it is necessary to devote only 7-10 minutes to morning exercises with the baby and do it regularly, such a daily load will become familiar and natural for the child. He just can't do without her. Just like without morning washing and brushing your teeth. Any sports activities with a baby should be carried out in a fun and playful way, and each time something new should be introduced into them. After all, doing with the baby, adults themselves will receive a charge of vivacity and fun for the whole day. It's great to do any exercises with the kids with suitable rhymes, you can also attach your favorite toys for this important matter:
The animals went out to charge,
Calculated in order.
Children next to them
Both girls and boys.
The exercises begin
Legs rise to the top.
Well, we'll raise our hands
High, to the very cloud!
Here comes the furry bear,
The tramp stomps loudly.
Let's help the clubfoot
We'll pass like a bear, too.
Top yes top, top yes top
And clap and clap!
Bunny jumping on the lawn
We'll jump like a bunny.
Legs together, jump, jump!
Have fun buddy!
The bees flap their wings,
Dancing together over the flowers.
Let's put our hands to the sides,
Like spreading wings.
Waved, flew
And how the bees buzzed:
W-w-w!
Here the hooves flickered -
These horses are galloping.
Let's run like horses
On the toes, then on the heels.
That's it for charging!
Goodbye guys!
If you really want
Come again tomorrow.
Captivate the baby with your example, for this, do all the exercises with fun, with passion. Very soon, your baby will remember the simple rhymes and the movements that need to be performed under them. And this means that we also develop memory. Try it, it's not only a log, but also a lot of fun!

Advice for parents

How can you help your child grow up? Crisis of three years

Description: This consultation will help parents of babies understand the the concept of the "crisis of three years", as well as what to do, how to behave, how to respond to some antics of a changed child, and most importantly, how to help the baby cope with himself.
The little angel you had about two and a half years ago is gone. A small monster has appeared, a despot, an egoist, he scoffs, tests his nerves for strength and admires you with interest when you are beside yourself. This is the crisis of three years. The first two - the crisis of the newborn and the year - passed unnoticed and safely, but what to do about it? It is impossible not to pay attention, to live as before. What's up with the baby? Everything is okay. The child lived enough time, focusing on you: your mood, behavior, actions, manners were perceived by the child as his own. And suddenly such a find - "I". “I am a person”, there is the world, and there is “I”. But this find cannot be touched, tasted, disassembled, it can be fun only by showing in behavior what the child willingly does: whines, throws tantrums, expresses obstinacy.

In the common people, such children are called differently. Developmental psychologists say that a developmental crisis is necessary for the formation of a child's personality. But how this crisis will pass and what the child will become after depends on adults. So here is your guide to action. Be patient. Stubbornness, obstinacy, negativism, self-will, rebellion, despotism, depreciation of human norms of behavior are the characteristic features of this period. Do not think that "you got" an obnoxious child, he just has not yet learned how to behave. He does not know how to "play" with his discovery of "I".
- The kid has discovered his personality, but does not know whether it is good or bad. It is during this period that self-esteem is laid, which means that the task of parents is not to skimp on approval, not to criticize without good reason.
- It is important for a child to do everything himself, and this is not only eating, dressing, brushing his teeth - this is how his independence develops; independence is now being formed, which means that it is important to make decisions yourself. Give in to the child, build communication in such a way that he has the opportunity to convince you, at least in small things, because the “trifle” is for you, but for the child everything is essential.

- Stubbornness is a kind of will-trainer, do not harass it in the bud, make reasonable compromises.

- Knowing about the peculiarities of the period, change tactics. The child likes to be stubborn, mischievous, play with him so that he can realize these traits of his, let off steam in the game. For example, I feed my daughter, forbidding her to eat from my plate. I am glad when Alice does not put on slippers, and I put them on the top shelf of the closet, the shoes immediately become in demand. Take the child “weakly” (you can’t eat it all!). Forbidding anything pretend, do not be too serious, have fun together, laugh at childish disobedience. The main thing here is that the baby understands exactly where the game is and where the real requirements are.

- It should also be noted that all the negative of the crisis is poured out on the person who is closest in communication. Mom can often hear during this period from her father, grandmothers, nannies, educators: “He (the child) doesn’t behave like that with us!”. And it’s understandable, because all the previous time the baby lived precisely as a mother (or those who replace her), so now he opposes himself to this person with special zeal.
- Often during this period, children become impossible whiners. Go to the trick again: pretend that you do not understand unintelligible speech, but really want to know what its essence is. She whines that she wants juice, ask again: “Do you want a cook? Aching side? Ochu oook? Stocking!" Say it right and get it.
- Worse than whining only tantrums. Gather your will into a fist and do not pay attention, let him yell, roll on the ground, the main thing is that without injuries, let the rest. There should be no emotions from you: neither positive nor negative. Do not discuss this incident. The simulator must know: you can't get through with this, you DO NOT, you DIDN'T notice what happened. If the situation does not allow you to “leave the hysteria unattended”, try to distract (just do not give out what you want); it didn’t work out - take pity, hug, “switch the arrows” to a fabulous, fictional character. (I am very sorry, but Baba Yaga forbade my aunt to sell this toy to us.) But pity and distraction is an extreme measure, hysteria should be ignored! And remember, everything will be fine. The result of the passage of the crisis is the formation of will, independence, pride in one's achievements. I wish you success!

Advice for parents

"How to boost immunity: spring rules for parents"

Immunity is the body's response to external stimuli: microbes, viruses, infections, and even lifestyle. Strong immunity is important at any age, but for children it is not so much important as vital. The body grows, develops, it needs strength in order to explore the world, to adapt to adult life, without being distracted by colds and flu.

By the way, immunologists divide immunity into 2 groups: natural and artificial.

Natural immunity is the “mirror” of the body. It is he who is responsible for how the body behaves in response to contact with the carrier of the virus and infection.

Artificial immunity is “acquired” after vaccination.

Why is immunity weakened?

In fact, there are no hidden and unknown causes of weakened children's immunity.

Everything is simple. Violation of the regimen, poor sleep, unbalanced nutrition, neglected infectious diseases, even an unhealed tooth - all this negatively affects the baby's immunity. Do not forget about the environmental situation, and the stresses that a growing organism is exposed to.

Signs of a weakened immune system :

Child gets sick more than 5 times a year

The disease progresses without fever.

The kid is always tired, pale, naughty

Enlarged lymph nodes

Dysbacteriosis.

Weakened immunity most often "gives itself out" in the spring.

How to help a child strengthen immunity, recuperate after a long winter and meet the spring warmth cheerful and healthy?

Several well-known, simple, but very effective factors will help to gain strength and strengthen the child’s immunity:

vitamin supplement,

Active walks in the fresh air

complete sleep,

Positive emotions.

Let's talk in more detail about each of the points.

Vitamin Army.

The main assistants in maintaining and strengthening children's immunity after winter are vitamins, the presence of which is mandatory in the child's diet.

Vitamin CAscorbic acid, familiar and familiar from childhood, is extremely important for the child's body.

Important: ascorbic acid is not synthesized by the human body and does not accumulate in it, its reserves must be constantly replenished.

With a lack of vitamin C, the child becomes pale, quickly gets tired, his appetite worsens, and resistance to infectious diseases decreases. A familiar picture? Let's start the process of vitaminization!

The largest amount of vitamin C is found in rose hips, black currants, sea buckthorn, kiwi, sweet peppers, citrus fruits. Traditionally, add lemon to tea, give your child rosehip and blackcurrant decoctions, if there is no allergy, offer citrus fruits and kiwi, and sweet peppers are an excellent ingredient for light spring salads.

Vitamin A (retinol) - helps metabolism, plays an important role in the formation of bones and teeth, has a beneficial effect on vision, is necessary for the growth of new cells and fight infection.

Foods containing vitamin A can help support children's immunity - beef liver, milk, butter, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese, egg yolk. Spring sources of vitamin A for those guys who love fruits and vegetables are: carrots, spinach, broccoli, green onions, parsley, apples, grapes.

Vitamin E (tocopherol) - is necessary for all tissues of the body, protects red blood cells, improves oxygen transport, nutrition of the skin and mucous membranes, takes an active part in the work of the muscular system, so the weakness of the child, apathy and sudden mood swings are among the first symptoms of its deficiency.

Sunflower, flaxseed, olive oil, Brussels sprouts, nuts, seeds, oatmeal, leafy greens, whole grains, and eggs can help fight weakness, bad mood, and vitamin E deficiency.

B vitamins . There are a lot of important vitamins in this group and each has its own number: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, B13, B15 - a whole army to protect our health!

Signs of a lack of B vitamins can be anemia, lack of appetite, reduced body resistance to infectious diseases, peeling of the skin, brittle nails, constant fatigue, weakness.

We actively introduce buckwheat and wheat groats, bread, red meat, fish, liver, eggs, legumes, brown rice, yeast, milk, cheese, peas, cabbage, potatoes and nuts into the family diet.

Freshly squeezed juices are indispensable in baby food, and they are of particular importance for strengthening the immune system. Vegetable juices will help in the construction and restoration of cells and tissues of the body, and fruit juices are indispensable in the fight against microbes, enhance the body's defense against infections.

Fermented milk products will help in maintaining normal intestinal microflora, which is one of the most important organs of the immune system, because about 80% of all immune cells of the body are located in its mucous membrane.

It is important to remember that to strengthen the immunity of a child, it is not individual products that are important, but a complete balanced diet. It is necessary for the normal functioning of all systems in the body, including the immune system.

However, do not forget that in the spring, during the period of weakened immunity after the cold weather, it is walks in the fresh air, when the first sun warms and replenishes the supply of vitamin D in our body, that will give the child strength, help in the fight against the residual effects of colds, increase appetite, strengthen the nervous system.

Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D in the body. Under their influence, it is formed on the surface of the skin, absorbed, penetrates into the blood, and then into the liver, from where its activation begins. An important nuance: our body can accumulate vitamin D and store it in reserve, so it is very important that we get enough of it on sunny days.

Spring is the time to remember the daily routine and go to bed on time, because the children's body is tired and it absolutely needs additional support. Enter at least a temporary moratorium on watching TV.

A short evening walk, a light vitamin dinner and an early bedtime - these simple principles will help not only children, but also us adults to feel full of energy, fresh and healthy.

If your child complains of being unwell, perhaps not only his body lacks vitamins, he asks for your participation, affection and care. Try to pay more attention to the child, be interested in his problems, talk to him, and his condition will improve. And hug even more often, because during hugs the amount of the hormone oxytocin increases in the blood, which is responsible for our well-being and good mood, and the amount of cortisol, the stress hormone, decreases.

At least 6-8 hugs a day are necessary for a child to feel loved, needed, important, confident, energetic, courageous and happy. Do happy and energetic people get sick? Of course not, they just don't have a reason to. So hug to your health!

So, we remember and use four whales to strengthen children's immunity: a balanced fortified diet, fresh air, good sleep and positive.

Experienced immunologists say that as a person behaves as a whole, so does every cell of his body. This means that an active, happy and independent child will charmingly have strong immunity and good health!

Advice for parents: "Productive ways of education: encouragement or punishment?"

In order for a child to successfully socialize in society and develop into a full-fledged personality, he must obey adults. However, not all children readily follow the rules and obey the requirements. In the arsenal of adults, there are several ways to control the behavior of a child:

Negative ways: punishments, prohibitions, shouts, orders, remarks;

Positive ways: request, praise, encouragement, behavior modification.

Which of these methods of education is more effective?

The most democratic way of education are requests. However, they are not always effective, especially when interacting with young children. For example, it makes no sense to persuade a child not to touch the iron at the moment when his hand has almost touched the hot surface.

Without application prohibitions and remarks Raising a child is almost impossible. The meaning of the remark is to effectively stop unacceptable behavior and offer the child more constructive ways out of the current situation. But in order for the prohibitions, demands and remarks of adults to fully affect the child, they must be heard and taken to action. How to put forward your demands and prohibitions? Psychologist Sheila Eiberg suggests following these guidelines:

1. Requirements and prohibitions should not be too much. The presence of a large number of restrictions and prohibitions that apply to all spheres of life leads to the development of lack of will and indecision in a child.

2. The requirements must not be in clear conflict with the essential needs of the child. For example, we should not restrict a child's need for movement or his research interests just because we are afraid that he will break something. It is better to create a safe environment for him. You can explore puddles, but only in rubber boots. You can even throw stones at a target, if you take care that no one gets hurt.

3. Do not give vague, obscure or evasive instructions. All requirements addressed to the child must be specific. This will allow him to better understand what they want from him. Example: vague request - behave decently, specific - please, speak more quietly. Evasive demand - go sit down, specific - sit next to me.

4. Give short and clear directions. It is easier for a child to follow short than huge requirements that may seem impossible. Example: a short requirement - put the books on the shelf, a complex one - clean the room.

5. Give positive directions. Tell your child what to do, not what not to do. Children have a negative attitude towards demands that begin with the words “stop”, “don’t”. Example: negative demand - stop rocking in a chair, positive - get off the chair and come to me.

6. Show respect, do not humiliate the child. Speak the requirements in a neutral tone. Don't beg or scream. This makes communication between you and your child more enjoyable. Demands and prohibitions given in an angry or imperious manner are perceived doubly hard. Example: Stand next to me immediately!!! To the question: "Why not?" - you should not answer: "Because I say so!", "It is impossible, that's all!". It is necessary to briefly explain: "It's already late", "It's dangerous."

7. Give your child only those instructions that he can follow. It will not be fair to punish disobedience if the child is not able to comply with your demand. Example: impossible instruction - draw a stop sign, feasible instruction - draw a picture.

8. Rules (restrictions, requirements, prohibitions) must be agreed upon by the parents among themselves.

Punishments help to achieve the desired and discipline the child. But they should not be abused. Since any punishment causes negative emotional experiences and anger in the child, or the constant suppression of this anger. Suppressed anger can develop into passive-aggressive behaviors. In this case, the child may begin to act on the sly, on purpose to do something "out of spite."

What can this lead to? Firstly, to the deterioration of the relationship between parents and the child, and, secondly, the constant expectation of punishment can suppress the manifestation of initiative in the child. He will be afraid to make decisions on his own and take on a new business, as his motivation for “avoiding failure” and not “achieving success” will prevail. All this can greatly complicate his life in the future.

Therefore, it is possible to punish a child only in extreme cases, using constructive forms of punishment:

1. Use "Natural Punishment". It represents a refusal to help a child in a situation of disobedience. For example, when a child, sitting at the table, indulges in a glass of juice, and, in the end, spills it, do not rush to help. Suggest that he take a rag and wipe the juice himself, and then change clothes. Thus, he will learn by personal example why it makes sense to handle cups, plates and their contents with care. Gradually, the child himself will learn to establish causal relationships between his actions and their results.

2. Punishment must be fair. In this case, the child's self-esteem will not suffer, and the punishment will bring real benefits. For example, if he spilled water on the floor because he wanted to water the flowers, but did not hold a heavy bottle in his hands, this is not a reason for punishment, but for buying a small watering can. But if a child deliberately performs some action that is forbidden to him, then this can be considered as a reason for punishment.

3. Follow the sequence. Punishment will benefit and cause no harm in the case when it is regular, and not accidental. Therefore, it is important that prohibitions and punishments are stipulated in advance, and not when the offense has already been committed. The child must know how and for what he can be punished. He will feel more confident knowing what he can and cannot do. But punishing a child for breaking a rule unknown to him is pointless and unfair. It is necessary to explain to him that he did wrong, and to warn that next time he will be punished for it.

4. Punishment should be applied immediately after the misconduct, and not some time after it. The child must see and evaluate the results of his misconduct immediately, otherwise the current situation will lose its meaning and he will not draw any useful conclusions.

5. The approach to punishment must be reasonable. Punishment should contain some opportunities for learning, mastering positive skills. It is desirable that it be logically connected with the misconduct. For example, it makes no sense to leave a child without a walk as a punishment if he scatters toys instead.

6. It is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the child. For example, if you have a hyperactive child, then disciplinary measures in the form of constant punishments, remarks, shouting and lectures will not lead to an improvement in behavior, but, on the contrary, will worsen it. With such children, you need to communicate gently and calmly.

7. It is better to punish a child by depriving him of something good than by making him feel bad.

The child should never be punished.:

When he is sick;

Before sleep and immediately after sleep;

While eating (the child literally "swallows" negative signals, this can lead to the development of psychosomatic diseases);

Immediately after a mental or physical injury;

When a child sincerely tries to do something, but he does not succeed;

When the teacher himself is in a bad mood.

In no case should physical punishment be used, since they adversely affect the personality of the child, contributing to the emergence of undesirable character traits. The systematic use of physical punishment can break the will of the child, turn him into a submissive and incapable of making independent decisions.

In the process of raising a child, it is necessary to use praise and encouragement. Psychologists have proven that positive reinforcement is much more effective than negative reinforcement, since it immediately forms the necessary behavior, and praise helps the child gain self-confidence. As a positive reinforcement for a child, there can be: attention and affection from the educator, praise, positive emotions that the baby receives when he reaches his goal.

Praise is made up of two components - our words and the conclusions of children. Our words should express a clear positive assessment of children's actions, intentions and achievements, so that the child can draw from them a realistic conclusion about himself and his abilities.

However, not all praise is beneficial. How to praise a child?

1) You should not praise the child for what is given to him easily (for what is given to him by nature). Praise not for effort and achievement, but for the presence of ability, does not give any incentive to development.

2) It is harmful, to praise a child unnecessarily and insincerely. It devalues ​​the praise. Repeating praise unnecessarily acts like a drug: the child gets used to it and waits for it. This can lead to the development of selfishness and feelings of superiority over others.

3) Praise and encouragement should be done on time. They should neither be late nor be given too quickly. Praise given at the right time will lead to concentration of effort, and belated reinforcement will not have the desired effect.

4) It is important to praise a specific act of the child, and not his personality as a whole. Otherwise, you can form an overestimated self-esteem and selfishness in him. If in later life the child is faced with the fact that the people around him do not value him as highly as he imagines himself, then this can lead to neurosis.

For example: Proper praise: "Thank you for putting away all the toys." Wrong praise: "You're just great!". Correct praise: "You drew such a beautiful picture." Wrong praise: "You are a real artist."

5) You can not put one child as an example to another. Scolding one and praising the other, you thereby impose his example on the first, opposing them to each other. This does not in any way cause a desire to "take an example" from the one who is (unfairly) praised. Contrasting children with each other can cause them negativism, unhealthy rivalry, and the rejection of those activities that do not guarantee success.

The most effective way to educate preschoolers is behavior modification technique. Its essence is that for good behavior the child receives encouragement, and for bad behavior - punishment or deprivation of privileges.

Advice for parents

"Play with the kids"

Parents know that children love to play, encourage their independent play, buy toys. But not everyone thinks about the educational value of children's games. They believe that the game is for fun, for the entertainment of the child. Others see in it one of the means of distracting the baby from pranks, whims, filling his free time so that he is in business. The same parents who constantly play with children, watch the game, appreciate it as one of the important means of education. For a preschool child, the game is the leading activity in which his mental development takes place, the personality as a whole is formed. The life of adults interests children not only with its external side. They are attracted by the inner world of people, the relationship between them, the attitude of parents to each other, to friends, to other relatives, to the child himself. Their attitude to work, to surrounding objects. Children imitate their parents: the manner of dealing with others, their actions, labor actions. And they transfer all this into their games, thus consolidating the accumulated experience of behavior, forms of attitude. With the accumulation of life experience, under the influence of training, education - children's games become more meaningful, diverse in plots, themes, in the number of roles played, participants in the game. In games, the child begins to reflect not only the life of the family, the facts that are directly perceived by him. But also the images of the heroes of fairy tales read to him, stories that he needs to create according to the idea.

However, without guidance from adults, children even of older preschool age do not always know how to play. Some have little ability to apply their knowledge, they do not know how to fantasize, others, being able to play on their own, do not have organizational skills. It is difficult for them to negotiate with partners, to act together. One of the older members of the family, joining the game, can become a link between the children, teach them to play together. Host partners can also play together. Usually, each imposes his theme of the game on the other, striving to be in the lead role. In this case, you can not do without the help of an adult. You can play the main role in turn, an adult can take a secondary role. Joint games of parents with children spiritually and emotionally enrich children, satisfy the need for communication with loved ones, strengthen faith in their own strength.
The authority of the father and mother, who know and can do everything, grows in the eyes of children, and with it, love and devotion to loved ones grow. It’s good if a preschooler knows how to start a game on his own, pick up the right game material, mentally build a game plan, negotiate with his game partners, or be able to accept his plan and jointly carry out his plan. Then we can talk about the ability of a preschooler to play. But these children also require attention and a serious attitude to their games. They sometimes need to consult with their mother, father, grandmother, older brother, sister. In the course of the game, ask, clarify, get approval of their actions, actions, thus affirming themselves in the forms of behavior.
Younger preschoolers 2-4 years old not only can't play together, they can't play on their own. The kid usually aimlessly carries the car back and forth, not finding a greater use for it, he quickly abandons it, demands a new toy. Independence in the game is formed gradually, in the process of playing communication with adults, with older children, with peers. The development of independence largely depends on how the child's life is organized in the game. To wait until he begins to play on his own means deliberately inhibiting the development of a child's personality.
One of the important pedagogical conditions that contribute to the development of the game of a small child is the selection of toys by age. For a baby, a toy is the center of the game, a material support. She pushes him to the topic of the game, gives rise to new connections, causes a desire to act with her, enriches sensory experience. But toys that adults like do not always have educational value for children. Sometimes a simple shoebox is more valuable than any clockwork toy. The box can be a trailer for a car in which you can transport cubes, soldiers, bricks, or arrange a stroller for dolls in the box.
senior preschoolers appreciate toys made by the hands of parents. Children constantly need to have pieces of fur, fabric, cardboard, wire, wood on hand. From them, children make the missing toys, rebuild, supplement, etc., which, undoubtedly, expands the playing possibilities of children, fantasy, and forms labor skills.
In the child's play economy, there should be different toys: plot-shaped (depicting people, animals, objects of labor, everyday life, transport, etc.), motor (various wheelchairs, strollers, balls, skipping ropes, sports toys), building kits, didactic (various turrets, nesting dolls, board games).
When purchasing a toy, it is important to pay attention not only to novelty, attractiveness, cost, but also to pedagogical expediency. Before you make another purchase, it's a good idea to talk to your son or daughter about what kind of toy he needs and for what game.
Often girls play only with dolls, so they are often deprived of the joy of playing such games in which ingenuity, resourcefulness, and creativity are formed. Girls play with dolls either alone or only with girls. With boys, they have no common interests and no prerequisites for the emergence of friendly relationships between children. Boys usually play with cars, with children's weapons. Such toys also limit the circle of communication with girls. It is better when we are adults, we will not divide toys into “girls” and “boys”.
If a boy does not play with a doll, he can buy a bear, a doll in the form of a boy, a baby, a sailor, Pinocchio, Cheburashka, etc. It is important that the baby gets the opportunity to take care of someone. Soft toys depicting people and animals delight children with their attractive appearance, evoke positive emotions, a desire to play with them, especially if adults from an early age are taught to take care of toys and keep them neat. These toys turn out to be the first helpers of children in acquiring the experience of communicating with the surrounding children and adults. If a child does not have sisters and brothers, then toys are in fact his partners in games, with whom he shares his sorrows and joys. Games with building materials develop in children a sense of form, space, color, imagination, constructive abilities.
Sometimes adults need to help build this or that building, think together what parts are needed, what color, how to fix it, how to supplement the missing structures, how to use the building in the game.
Games: lotto, dominoes, paired pictures, open up the opportunity for children to enjoy the game, develop memory, attention, observation, eye, small muscles of the hands, learn endurance, patience. Such games have an organizing effect, since they offer to strictly follow the rules. It is interesting to play such games with the whole family so that all partners are equal in the rules of the game. The little one also gets used to the fact that he needs to play, observing the rules, comprehending their meaning. Very valuable are the games of children with theatrical toys. They are attractive with their external bright appearance, the ability to "talk". The production of flat figures from cardboard and other materials by the whole family enables children to play out familiar works of fiction on their own, to invent fairy tales.
The participation of adults in children's games can be different. If a child has just bought a toy and knows how to play with it, it is best to let him act on his own. But soon the experience of the child is depleted. The toy becomes uninteresting. Here the help of the elders is needed, to suggest a new game action, to show them, to offer additional game material to the existing game. When playing with a child, it is important for parents to follow their plan. The even, calm, friendly tone of an equal partner in the game inspires the child with confidence that they understand him, they want to play with him.
If a preschooler, especially a small one, has a play corner, then from time to time he should be allowed to play in the room where the family gathers in the evenings, in the kitchen, in the grandmother's room, where there is a new environment, where everything is interesting. The new environment gives rise to new game actions, plots.
The child is very happy with the minutes given to him by his parents in the game. Communication in the game is not fruitless for the baby. The more precious minutes fall in the company of people close to him, the greater the relationship, common interests, love between them in the future.

Advice for parents

"Visual activity of children

from 2 to 3 years"

The beginning of the development of figurative thinking, clarification of ideas about the properties and relationships of objects and their spatial arrangement and dynamic properties. By 2.5 years - a higher level of comparisons and generalizations, there is an interest in the purpose, cause and effect of the situation of interest.
The emergence of object-constructive, situational-game actions with game material.
At this stage, the drawing is an object - a substitute with which the child wants to act (play). The kid discovers the functions of objects.
Actions become generalized (transfers actions to a new similar item). Drawing according to the “plan” appears (the child himself sets a goal, a visual task).
The main motivating motive is the “discovery” made by the child: anything can be depicted in a drawing, on paper.
The original idea is poor in content, not clear. Drawing is poor in graphic, and modeling in plastic image. The child accompanies the process of scribbling on a piece of paper with a speech: he comments, supplements the graphic image with a word, makes it seem more meaningful, complete.
The leading type of relationship to the world - orientation to objects - is already realized not only in the usual subject-tool activity, but also in figurative reflection, that is, it finds expression in the content of games and visual activity (mainly objects of interest to the child, natural phenomena).
Interest in the pictorial material and ways of acting with it remains, since these materials are part of the objective world that is interesting for the baby.
Do not miss the sensitive period for the development of the operational and technical side of the activity (the baby is focused on the objective world). To acquaint with artistic techniques and materials, to involve in playing an artistic plot.

Adult Tasks:

- enrich the baby with vivid impressions when introducing him to the world of things, natural phenomena, people and their actions.
If the life of a child is interesting, full of vivid impressions, he has a desire to tell about it in drawing, modeling, and the topics of the image in this case are diverse.
The child draws only what is interesting for him, significant, what worries him.
- develop interest in fine art objects (illustrations in books, small sculptures - figurines, artistically made toys).
- notice, understand images of familiar objects, phenomena; the ability to respond emotionally not only to the content of the image (the baby is happy: he “recognized” the bird, bear, etc.), but also to the artistic form: bright color, shiny, smooth surface of clay, stone (it is necessary that he admire, stroke his palm, express attitude in a smile, a word).
- introducing the baby to the perception of accessible fine art, helping him not only to better understand and feel the world, but also to understand the meaning of his own fine art.

Materials for artistic research:

dough, snow, wet sand, clay, plasticine, finger paints, gouache, cereals or pasta, colored water, yogurt, crayons, pieces of coloring vegetables (beets, carrots ...), milk or semolina with food coloring, cotton wool, soap foam, sand, paper, Actions: drawing rhythmic strokes, spots, lines, dough, plain paper, colored, corrugated paper, cardboard, wallpaper, colored adhesive film, candy wrappers, foil, fabric scraps, threads of different colors, thicknesses and textures, clothespins, large buttons, boxes from kinder surprises, egg packaging, boxes, PVA glue, paste, natural materials (cones, acorns, nut shells, tree seeds, etc.), various constructor, building kits, mosaic.

Advice for parents on creating a home play corner for preschool children

Each child should have a certain place for games and activities, storage of toys, which would be a cozy corner for him.
The child should know where his toys or board games are. Mechanical toys should be placed separately, especially from board games and books. Constructors and building materials can be stored together with tools and various materials for work. Figurative toys (dolls, soft toys) can be kept in the closet, but it is even better if they are located in a place familiar to the child, somewhere on the floor. Here you can arrange puppet furniture, arrange a puppet kitchen, kindergarten, clinic, zoo, garage, depot or station, depending on the mood and imagination of the player.
Adults should check from time to time whether everything is in order in the corner, but in exactly the order that is necessary for the child to play. Sometimes you need to check whether all the toys are required for the child's games, maybe some of them have not been involved in the game for a long time. Then they can be hidden for a while, making room for the most necessary, beloved, new toys. Cleaning, of course, feasible, the child in his corner should do it himself, so he will get used to cleanliness and neatness.
Proper storage of toys is the key to their long life! Nothing spoils toys so much as from improper storage, when after playing they are simply dumped in a heap. Cleaning toys can easily be turned into a continuation of the game or preparation for new games to keep the child interested.
However, many toys are not durable, they can break even with the most careful attitude towards them. Toys should not be thrown away if they can be repaired. And this work must be done together with the child. Of course, at first the baby will be able to perform only the simplest work. But the older the child, the greater his participation in this useful work. If such care for toys becomes a constant duty for a child, this will be a good school of diligence and accuracy. Repairing toys, the child learns many useful skills, gains knowledge about working with materials and tools. He learns what the objects are made of, what their properties are, what tools are needed in order to restore the former appearance of the toy, and then any object.
The habit of order in the toy farm will certainly affect the general attitude to order, the subsequent handling of books and school supplies.
Games and toys are not a personal matter of the child, this is a common family affair, where the elders teach the younger ones, and the younger ones help the elders, where everyone lives by common interests. It is also a matter of great social importance, since games are of great importance in shaping the personality of a child.

Advice for parents

“Road to dinner spoon or…..”

We must always remember that health is laid at an early age, especially in the digestive system.

1. When cooking, the taste preferences of the child are not taken into account. Sometimes the baby loves buckwheat, and the mother, tired from work, cooked borscht for the whole family and did not have the strength to cook more separate dishes. But in fact, it will not take much time to cook something separately for the baby, and most importantly, it will be a real pleasure to watch how your beloved child eats his dinner on both cheeks.

2. The child snacks between meals. It is very difficult to refuse a baby if he asks for candy or cookies. But, the result of the weakness shown by the parents will necessarily be the refusal of the child to eat.

3. Poor appetite after illness. It is very important after an illness not to force food on a child, let him eat often, but little by little, and try to cook his favorite dishes.

4. The child is forced to eat. It is impossible to force a child to eat something, it is impossible to achieve a positive result with threats, this will only cause rejection and disgust from food.

5. Increased requirements and prohibition. Parents try tricks to get the child to eat, offering either a candy, or watching a cartoon, or going to the zoo. But, unfortunately, it will not be possible to achieve a great effect in this way either. Eating in front of the TV, the child, without chewing food at all, will swallow it, and sweets and the zoo will also not lead to the desired result.

6. Influence of seasons on appetite. It is clear that in the hot season, not so much want to eat as drink. Therefore, it would be advisable to offer the child a non-hot liquid dish, juices, etc.

And of course, the design of the children's dish plays an important role, but here you already need to rely on the mother's imagination. Sandwiches in the form of a sleeping bear cub under a blanket, sausage; smesharik owl with big eyes made of egg yolks; wagons made of slices of loaf with wheels made of carrot circles and so on ...

Be sure to involve your child in cooking, let him help you as much as possible: serve a plate, a towel, hold a blender with his mother. Your baby will be especially happy to create a fairy tale from products together with his mother, and there, at work, his appetite will play out. The visual appeal of a dish, especially for young children, is of great importance, so parents need to use it one hundred percent.

Be attentive to your children, love them, and they will definitely respond to you with excellent appetite! And remember, the road is still a spoon for dinner, bon appetit!

On the role of fairy tales in the upbringing of children

A fairy tale is a great spiritual culture of the people, which we collect
bit by bit, and through a fairy tale, a thousand-year history of the people is revealed to us.
(Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy)

A fairy tale is always present in our lives: we heard it in childhood, we tell it to our children and grandchildren. For as long as we can remember, next to us are “Gingerbread Man”, “Turnip”, “Fox and Wolf” ... Russian folk, fairy tales of the peoples of the world, author's: everyday, magical, about animals. A child of any age will definitely say that fairy tales are Pushkin. There is no doubt that Alexander Sergeevich is first remembered as the author of the most famous and beloved fairy tales: “The Tale of the Pope and his worker Balda”, “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “ The Tale of Tsar Saltan", "The Bridegroom". Love for fairy tales was instilled in little Sasha by his nanny, Arina Rodionovna, for whom the poet carried love and affection all his life. He had the warmest memories of her. Fading with delight, little Pushkin eagerly absorbed every word of wonderful fairy tales. The nanny brightened up his loneliness in exile in Mikhailovsky, on long winter evenings, continuing to captivate the poet with fairy tales, sayings, proverbs, songs.
“I listen to the tales of my nanny, the original nanny Tatyana; she is my only friend, and it’s only with her that I’m not bored ...” Pushkin wrote to his brother from Mikhailovsky.
Pushkin transferred many images from his nanny's fairy tales to his works. He always remembered Arina Rodionovna with great warmth and dedicated poems to her.

I myself am not happy with my talkativeness,
But I love remembering my childhood.
Oh! I will keep silent about my mother,
About the charms of mysterious nights,
When in a cap, in an old robe,
She, evading the spirits with a prayer,
Cross me with zeal,
And in a whisper it will tell me
About the dead, about the exploits of Bova...
I won’t move from horror, it happened,
Barely breathing, I snuggle up under the covers.
Feeling neither legs nor head.

No one knows exactly when the first fairy tale appeared. She has lived among people since ancient times. It is known from history that it was customary for our ancestors not to punish those who obeyed, but to set them on the right path through a fairy tale, a story, an instructive story. Reading a fairy tale is considered the most ancient method of knowledge and education. Communicating with our children through a fairy tale, we convey to them knowledge about the spiritual world, about the purpose of a person in society, educate them, develop their inner world, heal them from fears and experiences. A fairy tale gives knowledge about life, the laws of being, awakens creativity, fantasy, brings up love for the Motherland, work, teaches to respect elders, protect the weak, help the sick and infirm. Definitely, a folk tale contributes to the formation of certain moral values, an ideal. The girls are aimed at the “red girl”, who is necessarily a needlewoman, both with a mind and a beautiful face, for boys - a good fellow (necessarily brave, brave, strong, honest, kind, hardworking, ready to defend his homeland at any moment). Such perfection for a child is a distant prospect, to which he will strive, comparing his deeds and actions with him. The highest goal set at a young age will largely determine him as a person. Adults need to know the baby's dream in order to correct and eliminate negative aspects in time.
It is considered good form in education to read a bedtime story to a child. With the dimmed light of a night lamp, the soft sound of a native voice, a magical story will lull the baby to sleep, give him good healthy dreams. In addition, the feeling that a close person is present next to him has a positive effect on the formation of the child's psyche. This helps him calm down, feel safe. The child feels that he is loved and taken care of. Obviously, the benefits of bedtime stories are indeed undeniable.
Scientists have long been talking about the therapeutic role of fairy tales, using them in psychological training, in the form of treating the state of mind of a small patient. Unfortunately, modern television is loaded to a greater extent with foreign cartoons, often aggressive, with violent fights, with obscure characters, and children imitate their favorite characters, adopt their behavior, manner of speaking. That is why parents and teachers need to be very strict in choosing fairy tales and watching cartoons.
It has been proven both scientifically and by life that children of different ages are very fond of listening to fairy tales and extraordinary stories that expand the range of their knowledge and horizons, help to gain the necessary knowledge about a person, about life's problems, and ways to solve them. They give the idea that in addition to the real world, there is also a magical one, filled with miracles and adventures, that good always triumphs over evil.
The usefulness of fairy tales is undeniable. Using their example, you can “correct” “wrong” character traits. So, for greedy and selfish kids, it’s useful to read the tales “About the Fisherman and the Fish”, “About the Three Greedy Bears”, “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel”, “Frost”, “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves”, timid and shy, - “ About the cowardly bunny”, “Cowardly Vanya”, “The Adventures of Pinocchio”, “The Snow Queen” is suitable for disobedient and gullible.
Each of us had a favorite fairy tale that we listened to, read an incredible number of times. What is the secret of this literary genre? Why do our children, and we, adults, love fairy tales so much, what is their role, what is the use?
Recall that in the old, ancient times, our ancestors were in no hurry to punish children, but told an instructive story so that the delinquent could comprehend his behavior, draw conclusions and not repeat mistakes. A fairy tale is a very good method of educating and educating children. Telling fairy tales, we pass on the experience of our ancestors, supplementing it with our own, no less rich. Through a fairy tale, a child enriches the inner spiritual world, gets rid of experiences and fears, gains knowledge about life and its laws, develops imagination and creativity, learns to empathize and anticipate events. Thanks to a fairy tale, a child can play negative roles and feelings, while he will not be punished. Life stories very well share the idea of ​​male and female behavior.
Every fairy tale has a main character. More often it is an active, brave character who knows how to survive in difficult situations. Even if at first he looked negative, then the story ends with his correction, understanding the negative aspects of his character. Each fairy tale teaches that good conquers evil, which is important in the formation of character.
The role of fairy tales in shaping the personality of a child has been proven by centuries of experience. These instructive stories teach kindness, forgiveness, tolerance, understanding what is good and what is bad. They stimulate concentration of attention, develop positive qualities, encourage reflection, encourage questions, search for answers. It is fairy tales that begin the child's acquaintance with literature, instill in him a love of reading. A fairy tale is a game necessary for the development of a personality.
Raising children through a fairy tale is undeniable, because it carries a huge stock of knowledge of previous generations. It is she who has an unobtrusive influence on the formation of the child's thinking, absorbing information through folk art. Through a fairy tale, it is easier to explain common truths to kids than moralizing. A fairy tale is a powerful tool for teaching toddlers and preschoolers. It is on the example of the heroes of fairy tales that important life information is best absorbed. Striking examples of modeling correct behavior are such fairy tales as "Gingerbread Man", "Grey Goat", "Teremok", "Wolf and Seven Kids", "Turnip". They very clearly show different oppositions: courage and cowardice, wealth and poverty, industriousness and laziness, ingenuity and stupidity, the success of collectivism and the difficulty of loneliness. On the example of fairy-tale characters, children learn to distinguish between good and evil, empathize with positive characters, mentally overcome difficulties and obstacles with them. Having believed in the simple truth that good conquers evil, the child will learn to overcome life's hardships more steadfastly. We can safely say from the first minutes of acquaintance with the fairy tale, the character of the baby begins to be tempered.
It is a well-known fact that many in childhood experience a feeling of fear: doctors, darkness, being alone in a room. Again, fairy tales can help in this situation. A child from the outside observes a seemingly hopeless situation, and now a way is found to successfully solve it. The heroes are happy, healthy, evil is defeated. Knowing about the positive outcome of the case, the baby gradually conquers his fears.
Many experienced teachers note that children of the 21st century are characterized by a decrease in mental performance, excessive excitability, irritability, emotional exhaustion, and unstable mood. There is inhibition, or vice versa - irritability, aggressiveness. Children are often left alone at home, experiencing a lack of communication with their parents, peers, locking themselves on a TV or computer. With the help of modern technologies, a flurry of information fell on them, and often negative. Children have become less sensitive, responsive, do not have communication skills. Therefore, work aimed at the development of the emotional sphere is extremely relevant and important. And the main assistant is a fairy tale. Even K. D. Ushinsky called the fairy tales of the Russian people the first brilliant attempts at folk pedagogy. Admiring fairy tales as monuments of folk pedagogy, he wrote that no one is able to compete with the pedagogical genius of the people.
Do you remember the Armenian fairy tale in verse “Greedy Vartan”, for whom a furrier sewed as many as seven hats from sheep's skin, but none of them can be worn? Moral: greed and envy will not lead to good. And "Porridge from an ax"? About the resourcefulness and ingenuity of the Russian soldier? These instructive stories are a vivid example of folk pedagogy.
Fairy tales are an important educational tool, worked out and tested by the people over the centuries. Teachers know different forms of working with a fairy tale: reading, retelling, discussion, theatrical performance of fairy tales, watching fairy tale films, holding a connoisseur competition, exhibitions of drawings, etc. Life, folk practice of education convincingly proved the pedagogical value of fairy tales. Children and a fairy tale are inseparable, and therefore adults should acquaint their children with the great spiritual culture of the people from an early age.
A few tips for young parents and novice teachers: read a fairy tale,
1. concentrating the attention of the child on it;
2. with expression, highlighting intonation climaxes;
3. clearly pronouncing the words;
4. only one, for deeper understanding;
5. chosen by the child (even if for the hundredth time!);
6. analyzing;
7. ask to retell;
8. preferably at bedtime.
"There are no fairy tales better than those created by life itself."
(Hans Christian Andersen)

Advice for parents :
"Games and game exercises for teaching proper breathing"

Why Teaching Children to Breathe Properly

Many children, due to certain diseases (adenoids, heart disease, weakness of the body), cannot speak in long phrases, clearly enough, with logical pauses. It looks like the child is suffocating. And just simply, the baby does not have enough air at the moment, during a conversation he has a weak breath and a short exhalation.
A child who does not know how to breathe properly can be recognized immediately: narrow shoulders, weak chest, open mouth, nervous movements.
During classes with a child, you should teach the baby to breathe correctly, to take each breath and each exhalation consciously, and not as you have to. It is necessary to explain in simple words that for a beautiful speech you will need to take care of your breathing, that is, be able to take a strong breath and exhale smoothly through your mouth while pronouncing the words.
Thus, adults who want to teach a child to speak beautifully and clearly should teach the baby to breathe properly.
Breathing exercises can be used as:
- as physical education minutes in the process of speech therapy classes;
- as part of the lesson;
- as special exercises in the form of game lessons;
- like games;

The development of speech breathing

For the education of speech, work on proper breathing is necessary. Well-placed speech breathing ensures the correct pronunciation of sounds, words and phrases.
For example, in order to correctly learn how to pronounce sounds - З, С, Ш, Ж, Р - a child must exhale strongly enough through his mouth.
So, speech breathing is the correct combination of inhalation and exhalation during the pronunciation of words and phrases. Speech breathing training is teaching the smooth pronunciation of sounds, syllables, words and phrases on the exhale.
It is possible to start training speech breathing proper only after the child has formed a strong, smooth exhalation (that is, physiological breathing is sufficiently developed). At the same time, it is necessary to teach the child to control the time of expiration, to use air sparingly. Additionally, the child develops the ability to direct the air stream in the right direction.
A gradual development is supposed, a movement from simple to complex.

Parameters of correct speech exhalation

1. Exhalation is preceded by a strong inhalation through the nose or mouth -
"gaining a full chest of air"
2. Exhalation occurs smoothly, not in jerks.
3. During exhalation, the lips fold into a tube, do not
purse your lips, puff out your cheeks.
4. During exhalation, air exits through the mouth, air should not be allowed to exit through the nose (if the child exhales through the nose, you can pinch his nostrils so that he feels like he should
air out).
5. Exhale should be until the air runs out.
6. While singing or talking, you can not get air when
the help of frequent short breaths.
Games and exercises for the development of smooth speech exhalation
Purpose: - development of a long continuous oral exhalation
- activation of the lip muscles

1. Games with individual items.
- Inflate the balloon.
- Bulky, Rusty, foam. (with straw)
- Whistles. Whistles - "Police". Blow into the pipe.
- "Music bubble".

2. Games with objects that do not have an individual purpose.
- Fly, butterfly. Autumn leaves. Snowing. Fly birds. (pictures on threads)
- Wind (sultans, panicles)
- Dandelion, turntables (on a walk)
-Football (gates, fruits)
- "Bubble".
- Roll, pencil.
- Funny balls (tennis ball, dashed table)
-Balloon.
-Sail the boat. Swim duck. "Sailing Regatta"
- Blow out the candle.
It is possible to start training the actual speech breathing only after the child has formed a strong smooth exhalation. Speech breathing training is learning to smoothly pronounce sounds, syllables, words and phrases on the exhale. We offer the following stages in the development of speech breathing:

Stages of development of speech breathing
- singing vowel sounds - A, O, U, I, E;
- prolonged pronunciation of some consonant sounds
W, F, F, X;
- pronunciation of syllables on one exhalation;
- pronunciation of words on one exhalation;
- pronouncing phrases of various lengths on one exhalation;
- reading poems;
- singing songs;
Games for the development of speech breathing.
Purpose: - practicing correct speech breathing.
To the music:
- Sing with me (vowels A, O, U, I, E). (to the music)
- Cheerful nesting doll (with a doll or nesting doll with pronunciation of the syllables N: LA-LA)
- Sounds around us. (with subject pictures). Girls sing (singing faces)
- Birds are singing. (KO-KO-KO, KU-KU, CHIRIK-CHIRIK, GA-GA-GA)
Without music:
- Blow off the balloon (on the carpet, arms wide apart in front of you with the sound F)
- Pump (pronouncing the sound C on one exhale)

1. Your child and his friends.

2. Adults and children: relationship dynamics.

4. Family conflicts. How to prevent them?

5. Children need love. But what?

6. About the education of feelings.

7. Basics of family pedagogy.

9. Problems of the child. To whom and how to solve them?

10. Conflict of generations. How to avoid it?

11.Love and upbringing of children in the family.

12. How to raise a happy child?

13. World of childhood and safety.

14. ABC of a healthy lifestyle.

15. Do not allow trouble to the threshold.

16. From prank to crime.

17. Where to get talent?

18. The game is very serious.

19. Work for joy.

20. With love for nature.

21. Sex education. When to start?

22. How to raise a knight?

23. What and how our children read.

24. How to help a child study.

25. Mode - everyone needs it in life.

26. To beat or not to beat. That is the question?

27. Choice of profession. Whose business is this?

28. A child in a museum.

29. Computer and schoolchildren.

30. Television and children.

31. Music in the family.

32. The art of punishing and forgiving.

33. How they see us.

34. Know thyself.35. Origins of cruelty.

36. "Difficult" children or parents?

37. Typical mistakes of family education.

38. Is the conflict of generations inevitable?

39. Pedagogy of family relations.

40. Holiday in the family. What should he be?

41. Are family traditions necessary?

42. Do you know your child?

43. Family crises. How to overcome them?

44. Family and school: relationship problems.

45. Prevention of social hazards.

46. ​​Socio-pedagogical neglect in children.

47. The role of parental expectations. What can they provoke and give rise to in children?

48. How do our fears become the fears of our children?

49. What should parents give to children, and what should children give to their parents?

50. What is the essence of education - in learning or in communication? The moral foundations of parenthood.

51. Our conflicts with children (with the inclusion of the role-playing element).

52. Punishment. The role of labels.

53. Verbal and non-verbal communication with children. The role of touch in communication.

54. Effects that influence the development of a child's personality by typical ways of communication between parents and children.

55. Restless teenager. What to do?

56. Family as an object of psychological and pedagogical correction.

57. How to help a younger student with homework.

58. Family relations in the triad of generations.

59. Physical principles of exclusivity: poor appetite, improper sleep, enuresis, stuttering. What to do?

60. Formation of character and its shortcomings in a child. What is the improvement of character?

61. The ability to correct character flaws. Corrective educational achievements of parents.

62. Youth and its problems.

63. How to create a happy family.

64. The nature of the relationship between children and parents.

65. Mother's love.

66. Father's love.

67. Conflict, crisis in the family. Divorce.

68. Stepfather.

69. Stepmother.

70. If there is no man in the family.

71. Calm, balanced mother, happy child.

72. educational potential of the family.

73. Traditional cultural valuesas the basis of family education.

74. The origins of deep affection inparent-child relationship. Hierarchfamily relations and the basis of familywow upbringing.

75. The meaning of memories of one's ownchildren's experiences in the culture of parenthood.

76. Typical disadvantages of family respitenutrition and ways to overcome them. Waycommunication and methods of pedagogicalimpact on the child in the family.

77. Dialogue in family communication.

78. Principles of creative pedagogy infamily.

79.Modern family; opportunities andthe problems of her way of life.

80. The need for family traditions inchild's life.

81. The meaning of the basic values ​​of the family andfamily traditions in child-parentrelations.

82. The place of traditions in modern family life.

83. Ethics and aesthetics of family life.

84. Possibilities of upbringing by work in owlsbelt school.

85. Family leisure: games, home holidaysdays, television.

86. The art of creating a children's holiday.

87. Influence of folklore traditions ondevelopment and upbringing of the child.

88. About the value of the game and speech communityia with a child in the family. Family reading traditions.

89. Family on the threshold of school life rebenka.

90. Child among peers (psychologicalgo-pedagogical aspects). Featureand tasks of the family and school in the upbringing andsocialization of the child.

91. Content, forms and methods of socialthe work of the school with the family.

92. The concept of physical, mentaland spiritual health: their relationship.

93. The atmosphere of family life as a factor of physicalchildren's health and mental healthenka.

94. The impact on the health of the child is negativeoh television and video information. 95.Profilebad habits and socialconditioned diseases in children.

96. The need for attention to the individualthe child’s fidelity, his mental and spiritualth development.

97. About the development of self-consciousness in children andteenagers.

98. Moral feelings of a person and personsthe features of their formation.

99. Psychology of needs: reasonableneeds and pseudo-needs. 100.The moral character and behavior of peopleeka.

101. Self-esteem in children: its adequacy,consequences of inadequate self-esteem.

102. Pedagogical neglect of a teenager,her reasons.

103. The role of family communication in preventioniki deviant behavior and negativehabits in children.

104. Rights and obligations of parents at the stagee entry of a preschool childasta in the education system.

105. Legal and economic protectionchild's personality.

Advice for parents

What should a child of 3-4 years old be able to do?

Physical development

1. The child knows how to independently dress and undress in a certain sequence.

2. The child is accustomed to neatness (notices the disorder in clothes, eliminates it with a little help from an adult).

3. The child uses individual items (handkerchief, napkin, comb, toilet paper).

4. The child has the simplest behavioral skills while eating, washing.

5. The child is able to walk straight, without shuffling his feet, in a given direction.

6. The child knows how to run, maintaining balance, changing the direction, pace of running in accordance with the instructions of the teacher, maintains balance when walking on a limited plane.

7. The child can crawl on all fours, climb the ladder, the gymnastic wall in any way.

8. The child vigorously pushes off in jumps on two legs, jumps in length from a place of at least 40 cm.

9. The child can roll the ball in a given direction from a distance of 1.5 m, throw the ball with both hands from the chest, from behind the head, hit the ball on the floor, throw it up 2-3 times in a row and catch it.

10. A child can throw objects with his right and left hand at a distance of at least 5 m.

Speech development

1. The child answers a variety of questions from an adult regarding the immediate environment.

2. The child examines toys, plot pictures.

3. The child uses all parts of speech, simple uncommon sentences and sentences with homogeneous members.

4. The child retells the content of the work based on the drawings in the book, the teacher's questions.

5. The child calls the work (in an arbitrary presentation, after listening to an excerpt from it.

Formation of cognitive actions, constructive-model activity

1. The child knows, names and correctly uses the details of the building material.

2. The child knows how to arrange bricks, plates vertically.

3. The child changes buildings, building on or replacing some parts with others.

4. The child is able to group objects by color, size, shape.

Formation of elementary mathematical representations

1. With the help of an adult, a child can make up groups of homogeneous objects and single out one object from the group.

2. The child is able to find one and several identical objects in the environment.

3. The child correctly determines the quantitative ratio of two groups of objects, understands the specific meaning of the words "more", "less", "the same".

4. The child distinguishes between a circle, a square, a triangle, objects with corners and round shapes.

5. The child understands the meaning of the designations: above - below, in front - behind, left - right, above - below; concepts of time of day: morning - evening - day - night.

6. The child names familiar objects, explains their meaning, highlights, names signs (color, shape, material).

7. The child is oriented in the premises of the kindergarten and on the site.

Formation of a holistic picture of the world and ideas about social values

1. The child names his city (village).

2. The child knows and names some plants, animals and their young.

3. The child highlights the most characteristic seasonal changes in nature.

4. The child shows respect for nature.

Social and communicative formation of positive attitudes towards various types of work

Social gaming activities

1. The child can take on a role, briefly interact with peers on behalf of the hero.

2. The child is able to combine several game actions into a single storyline, reflect actions with objects and people's relationships in the game.

3. The child is able to adhere to the game rules in didactic games.

4. The child is able to follow the development of theatrical action and respond emotionally to it.

5. At the request of an adult, the child acts out small passages from familiar fairy tales on his own.

6. The child imitates the movements, facial expressions and intonation of an imaginary hero.

7. The child can take part in conversations about the theater (theater - actors - spectators, rules of conduct in the auditorium).

Formation of the foundations of safe behavior

1. The child follows the elementary rules of behavior in kindergarten.

2. The child follows the elementary rules of interaction with plants and animals.

3. The child has elementary ideas about the rules of the road.

Musical activities

1. The child is able to listen to music to the end. Recognizes familiar songs.

2. The child distinguishes sounds by height (within an octave). Notices changes in sound (quiet - loud, fast - slow).

3. The child sings, not lagging behind and not ahead of others. Takes pleasure in singing.

4. The child is able to perform dance movements: spin in pairs, stamp feet alternately, move to the music with objects.

5. The child names and distinguishes children's musical instruments: rattles, tambourine, glockenspiel.

Visual activity

Drawing.

1. The child depicts individual objects, plots that are simple in composition.

2. Selects colors that match the depicted objects.

3. Correctly uses a brush, paints.

Modeling.

1. Knows how to separate small ones from a large piece of clay, roll out lumps with straight and circular movements of the palms.

2. Sculpts various objects, consisting of 1-3 parts, using different techniques.

Application.

1. Creates images of objects from ready-made figures.

2. Decorates paper blanks of various shapes.

3. Selects colors that match the depicted objects and, at his own request, knows how to carefully use materials.

Memo on the topic:

Age features of children 3-4 years old

Three years is an ego age that can be considered as a certain milestone in the development of a child from the moment of his birth. The crisis of three years completes the period of "merging" with the mother, the baby is becoming more and more aware of his own "separation".

At this age, your child:

There is a formation "counter-will" , which is expressed in the desire to do everything in their own way. It is absolutely necessary for the child to have a successful separation. He has to realize himself as an independent person. The child, separating from adults, tries to establish new, deeper relationships with them.

Manifestations awareness of oneself as an individual will be expressed in his need to reject needs to reject needs to reject beyond his strength. The child gives a negative reaction not to the action itself, which he refuses to perform, but to the demand or request of an adult. At the same time, a child can obey one parent and contradict the other in everything.

There is an urgent need communicate not so much with the mother and family members, but also with peers . The child learns the rules of interaction through the feedback of both adults and children on his actions.

It is important for you as his parents:

With patience and understanding, treat the manifestations of the "counter-will" of the child. Remember that the will of the child suppressed at this age can subsequently lead to passivity, apathy, dependence and infantilism. You should allow the child to insist on his own (if it is not harmful to his life and health), even when it seems ridiculous or unnecessary to you. Remember that the so-called stubbornness is the reaction of a child who insists on something not because he really wants it, but because it is important for him that his opinion is taken into account.

Analyze with the child situations of conflict in kindergarten or on the playground. Teach him to respect his own and others' personal boundaries. To do this, it is important to be an example for him - that is, to respect him and your family members.

Handle the child's feelings with care. Empathize with his grief, understand anger, share joy with him, feel his fatigue. It is important not to suppress his emotions, but to teach him how to deal with his own emotional reactions correctly.

Realize that speech turns and vocabulary will be formed in him mainly from the speech that he hears in the family. This will expand the child's vocabulary, help in the development of his imaginative thinking, create emotional closeness and warmth in your relationship. Talk to your child more, discuss the events of the day with him, ask him about what happened to him, and also patiently answer his questions.

We wish you a pleasant communication with the child!!!

Advice for parents

"We live by the rules."

There is no greater joy for parents than to see their child healthy, hardened.

In order for a child to grow up healthy, balanced, physically strong, have a good appetite, good sleep, one must strictly adhere to the regimen. It is the most important condition for proper education. The mode is a rational and clear alternation of sleep, food, rest, various activities during the day. Sleep, food, walks, directly educational activities - all this should be carried out in a certain sequence. The rhythmic routine of life contributes to the normal development of the child's body.

Why is mode so important? All life processes in the body proceed in a certain rhythm. The heart works rhythmically - after the contraction comes relaxation; breathing is rhythmic, when inhalation and exhalation alternate evenly; food in the digestive tract is processed at a certain time.

All phenomena in nature also proceed in rhythm: the change of seasons, day and night. Scientists have established that a life ordered by the regime ensures the normal course of life processes.

The correct regimen, corresponding to the age capabilities of the child, strengthens health, ensures working capacity, successful implementation of a variety of activities, and protects against overwork.

If the child eats, sleeps, rests, walks, studies when he pleases, then he soon loses his appetite, sleep becomes restless, the child develops poorly, whims, stubbornness appear. He is less disciplined and obedient.

One of the essential components of the daily routine is a walk. This is the most effective type of rest, it restores well the functional resources of the body that have been reduced in the course of activity, and first of all, working capacity. Staying in the air helps to increase the body's resistance, hardens it, strengthens health. Staying in the fresh air has a positive effect on metabolism, especially the protein component of food, the digestibility of nutrients. After a walk, the child always normalizes sleep and appetite. A walk gives children the opportunity in outdoor games, work, various physical exercises to satisfy their needs in movement. The walk must be carried out in any weather, with the exception of particularly adverse weather conditions.

The behavior of the child in kindergarten, his mood, performance are directly dependent on how his activities and sleep in the family are organized on ordinary days, as well as on weekends.

Weekends children spend at home, as a rule, with significant deviations and even violations of the usual regimen. It is no coincidence that the functional level of children on Monday is worse than on the second or third day of the week. Therefore, the child's home regimen on the days when he does not attend kindergarten should not differ from the regimen of a preschool institution.

Summing up, I would like to say that an orderly home regimen, daily evening walks, a full-fledged night's sleep of the child, and on weekends a good rest in the fresh air, regulation of watching television programs (especially before bedtime) will contribute to the normal growth and development of the child, his physical and mental well-being.

Remember this!

Advice on the topic:

"We love nature"

A man became a man when he heard the whisper of the leaves and the song

grasshopper, the murmur of a spring stream and the ringing of silver bells in

bottomless summer sky, the rustle of snowflakes and the howl of a blizzard outside the window,

gentle lapping of the waves and the solemn silence of the night, - I heard, and, holding

breath, listens for hundreds and thousands of years to the wonderful music of life.

V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

Environmental education is currently regarded as a priority direction for the restructuring of preschool education. At preschool age, the formation of a consciously correct attitude towards objects of nature begins. A correct understanding is based on knowledge of the characteristics of the life of living beings, their interaction

with habitat. A conscious attitude is manifested in a variety of environmental activities. Therefore, work on the formation of ecological culture should begin from preschool age, when the main ways of cognizing the surrounding reality are laid, and a value attitude towards it develops.

It is at the stage of preschool childhood that the child receives emotional impressions of nature, accumulates ideas about different forms of life, i.e. he formed the fundamental principles of ecological thinking, consciousness, laid the elements of ecological culture. But this happens only on the condition that if the adults raising the child themselves have an ecological culture: they understand the problems common to all people and worry about them, they show the little person

the beautiful world of nature, help to establish relationships with it. At preschool age, the child begins to distinguish himself from the environment, develops an emotional and value attitude to the world around him, forms the foundations of the moral and ecological positions of the individual. Thanks to this, it is possible for children to form ecological knowledge, norms and rules for interacting with nature, foster empathy for it, and be active in solving some environmental problems.

Kindergarten is the first link in the system of continuous environmental education.

Environmental education is carried out in kindergarten through the entire pedagogical process - in everyday life and in the classroom. In the implementation of the tasks of environmental education, the natural environment in kindergarten is of great importance. These are corners of nature in all groups, a properly designed and equipped area, which provide the opportunity for constant direct communication with nature, the organization of systematic observations of natural phenomena and objects, and the involvement of children in regular work. On the site you can create a special site

nature, a natural corner with plants, to outline an ecological path,

make a stream and much more.

A feature of environmental education is the great importance of a positive example in the behavior of adults. Therefore, educators not only take this into account themselves, but also pay considerable attention to working with parents. Here it is necessary to reach full mutual understanding. Parents should realize that it is impossible to demand from the child the implementation of any rule of conduct if adults themselves do not always follow it. For example, it is difficult to explain to children that nature should be protected if the parents do not do it themselves. And the different demands made in kindergarten and at home can cause them confusion, resentment or even aggression. However, what is allowed at home does not necessarily have to be allowed in kindergarten and vice versa. It is necessary to highlight the main thing that will require joint efforts from teachers and parents. Need to consider

and discuss the results obtained and make a joint decision on the final list of vital rules and prohibitions. It is possible to educate children in a positive attitude towards nature only when the parents themselves have an ecological culture. The effect of raising children is largely due to the extent to which environmental values ​​are perceived by adults as vital. A noticeable influence on the upbringing of a child is exerted by the way, level, quality and style of life of the family. Children are very sensitive to what they see around them. They act like the adults around them. Parents should be aware of this. Parents can engage their children in a variety of ways. For example, growing houseplants. In addition, in order for the children to water them in a timely manner, their interest in the growth and development of plants, the emergence of new sprouts, flowers, and fruits should be encouraged in every possible way. The most suitable for this are such fast-growing plants as geranium or begonia, indoor crops of tomatoes and cucumbers. Responsibility is an important human quality. And this is what we will develop, trusting the life of green pets to the crumbs. You can also try growing oranges or lemons, pineapples or pears. Plant fruit seeds in the ground and see what happens. Well, isn't it a miracle to grow a real tropical plant on the windowsill and enjoy its fruits?

The artistic and creative activity of children is also of great importance. Modeling from clay, plasticine, all kinds of applications, designing with the use of cereals, dough and natural materials, drawing with the help of plant elements - all this contributes to the development of love for nature in preschoolers. Striving to do

more beautiful, better affects the world of feelings, allows you to reveal your creative potential, increases the level of development of speech in preschoolers, children learn to create, learn to understand and see the beauty and richness of nature.

At preschool age, the child's imagination develops rapidly, which manifests itself especially clearly in the game and in the perception of works of art. Parents often forget that the most accessible, most pleasant and most useful of all pleasures for a child is when interesting books are read aloud to him. This must begin in the family. Interest in the book arises long before the start of school attendance and develops very easily. The book plays an important role in the aesthetic education of children. Much depends on what this first book will be. It is very important that the books that the child gets acquainted with are accessible to the little reader not only in terms of subject matter, content, but also in the form of presentation. The specificity of literature makes it possible to form love for nature based on the content of works of art. The works of such writers as V. Bianchi, M. Prishvin, K. I. Chukovsky, S. Ya. Marshak, A. L. Barto, S. Mikhalkov and others are suitable for children. The book for children contains a lot of interesting, beautiful, mysterious, because they really want to learn how to read, but so far they have not learned to listen to the reading of their elders.

Extremely great opportunities for the education of preschoolers are opened up by nature. Excursions, hikes, walks, the study of works of art dedicated to nature are traditional activities in this area. However, just being in nature is not enough. One must be able to see the beauty of nature, to experience it emotionally. This ability develops gradually. During walks, hikes, work in the garden, it is necessary to draw the attention of children to the richness of nature, the perfection and harmony of its forms, to educate the need not only to admire nature, but also to treat it with care. If a child understands that his well-being, tomorrow, the happiness of himself, his relatives and friends depend on the purity of air and water, concrete help to the stream and birch, he will join the ranks of the defenders and friends of nature.

So, educating children in love for nature, the ability to perceive its beauty is one of the important tasks of kindergarten. In this work, his first helpers should be his parents. At the first opportunity, at any time of the year, if the weather permits, go to the forest, park, field, to the river to see the boundless distances and fabulous heaps of clouds. Take the gifts to the forest animals. Try to make a halt in the most secluded place. Freeze and shut up. Maybe you will be lucky enough to see a squirrel or admire the work of a woodpecker. The joy of meeting with living beings will remain in the memory of children for a long time, awaken inquisitiveness, good feelings for nature. Try to discover for yourself and your children the beauty of the crimson colors of autumn, intertwined with golden threads, decorated with the dark green of pine trees. Breathe in the smell of mushrooms with full breasts, collect a collection of leaves of various shapes and colors, find knots, snags that look like sculptures of animals and people. Take the child to the clearing. See how tempting is the mysterious distance, calling deep into the forest. If you have a garden, buy garden tools for your child and allocate it for your child

experienced garden.

Dear parents! Instill in children love and respect for plants and animals, teach them to behave correctly in the forest, in the field, near water bodies. Tell us how noise has a detrimental effect on the inhabitants of the forest. Because of the noise, birds abandon their nests, and forest animals run away from the forest. Therefore, in the forest, and in nature in general, silence must be observed. Tell the children about the danger of fires, and that you can’t damage trees, destroy nests, extract birch sap, litter reservoirs, destroy anthills and much more.

At preschool age, children should LEARN and KNOW that:

It is necessary to protect and preserve both useful and common plant species,

animals.

Remember that plants give shelter to animals.

We must be careful in nature.

Remember that permanent residents (birds, fish, animals, insects) live in the forest, rivers and reservoirs, for whom this environment is their home!

We must carefully treat the earth, water, air, because this is the environment where all living things exist.

It is forbidden to pollute reservoirs, kindle fires on their banks.

Ecological education of children is, first of all, education of humanity, i.e. kindness, responsible attitude to nature, and to the people who live nearby, to the descendants who need to leave the Earth suitable for a full life. Ecological education should teach children to understand themselves and everything that happens around them. We need to teach children how to behave in nature and among people.

Dear parents! Ecological education will be more effective only if there is constant, everyday communication between adults and children in the family. Do not spare your time for playing with pets, for botanical experiments, for reading good poems and stories about nature, for walks. And then your children in their adult life will consciously and carefully treat all living and non-living things on Earth!

CONSULTATION FOR PARENTS "PREVENTION OF INFLUENZA AND SARS"

It is never possible to predict how the disease will progress in a child. Therefore, it is better to take measures to prevent influenza in children in order to try and completely protect it from infection.

The desire of any parent is to protect their child from all the hardships and diseases that exist in the world. Prevention of flu in children is an important and mandatory seasonal event, with which you can protect the health of your children from a dangerous virus.

Non-specific measures to prevent influenza in children:

1. The main non-specific measure for the prevention of influenza in children is personal hygiene. Some of them should be taught these rules to a child from a young age - for example, washing your hands often, especially before eating. Remind your child not to touch his face with his hands in public places - the saliva of a sick person may remain on handrails, tables and other objects. It is enough for a child to grab the handrail on the bus, and then put his finger in his mouth - as microbes are already "accessed" to his body.

2. Parents are often afraid of "catching a cold" of the child, so the entire heating season, the vents and windows in the house are closed and sealed, and the rooms are not ventilated. Dry and warm air perfectly promotes the spread of the virus. It is better to dress the child warmly, but ventilate the room in which he is located at least a couple of times a day.

3. If a sick person appears in the house, he should be isolated from the child, put on a mask, and allocate a separate set of dishes.

4. The best prevention for flu in children is a healthy lifestyle. Regular sleep, walks in the fresh air, a balanced diet, lack of stress - all this will strengthen the baby's resistance to disease.

Specific prophylaxis of influenza in children.

1. Vaccination: The flu shot reduces the chance of getting sick in children by 60-90 percent. Vaccination can be carried out from six months.

2. Immunomodulators: various immuno- and biostimulants affect the immune system and enhance its protective properties. There are a number of opinions that the active use of immunomodulating agents can weaken the body's natural immunity. At the same time, the use of preparations based on echinacea, Schisandra chinensis, leutherococcus, radiola rosea, etc. is recommended as maintenance therapy. Contrary to a common myth, vitamin C does not play any role in the prevention of influenza.

3. Phytoncides. Natural disinfection can protect against influenza - some plants (mainly conifers - for example, essential oils of juniper, fir, eucalyptus), as well as products containing phytoncides (garlic, onion) have such properties.

Influenza prevention in children does not require any difficult or very costly measures, since, in fact, it includes vaccination, general hygiene and a healthy lifestyle. And it pays off with the most important thing that can only be - the health of your children.

Consultation for parents “Hardening.

About the benefits of the pool»

Dear parents!

The health of the child is the main fundamental value.

Water is the cradle of life on earth. There is no other substance whose significance for a person would be so great and its diverse use in life is necessary. Under the influence of systematic studies swimming, regular hygiene and hardening procedures, reasonably introduced into the daily regimen, improves the activity of the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, significantly expands the capabilities of the musculoskeletal system.

bathing, playing in the water, swimming beneficial effect on the whole body as a whole on the physical and mental health of the child. Systematic classes swimming lead to improvement bodies circulation and respiration. This is due to the rhythmic work of the muscles, the need to overcome the resistance of water. Cardiac activity, chest mobility improves, the vital capacity of the lungs increases. Regular classes swimming have a positive effect on hardening of the child's body: the mechanism of thermoregulation is improved, immunity increases, adaptation to various environmental conditions improves. The nervous system is also strengthened, sleep becomes stronger, appetite improves, and overall tone increases. organism, improve movement, increase endurance.

Swimming It has a beneficial effect not only on the physical development of the child, but also on the formation of his personality. Not all children from the first time the water gives pleasure and joy, some children are afraid to go into the water, they are afraid of the depth. that is why the first steps of learning swimming aimed at to help the child overcome this unpleasant and harmless feeling. Lessons swimming develop willpower, determination, courage and discipline. In addition, the skill to swim is a vital skill.

Consultation "Mobile game - as a means of physical development of the individual"

"The game gives rise to joy, freedom, contentment, peace in oneself and around oneself, peace with the world" Friedrich Fröbel

Children's play is a means of active enrichment of the individual, since it represents a free choice of various socially significant roles and positions, provides the child with activities that develop his unlimited possibilities, talents in the most appropriate application.

A game is a kind of unproductive activity, the motive of which lies in the process itself, and the goal is to get satisfaction from the players.

The game can be understood in different ways:

Game - a special kind of human activity;

The game is a means of influencing the players (since it is specially organized and has a specific goal);

Game - a special set of rules that require their execution;

The game is a special way of conditionally appropriating the world;

Game - as a form of pedagogical activity.

In any game, the whole complex of the following functions can be implemented:

emotionally developing function

diagnostic function - hidden talents are revealed;

relaxation function - excessive stress is reduced;

compensatory function - gives a person what he lacks;

communicative function - is a great tool for communication;

self-realization function - serves as a means to achieve desires and realize opportunities;

sociocultural function - in the process of playing a person masters sociocultural norms and rules of behavior;

therapeutic function - can serve as a means of treating human mental disorders.

The game occupies an important place in the life of a preschool child and therefore is considered as one of the main means of education.

So, for example, the role of outdoor games in education is high, as they develop the child's physical activity and mental abilities, because in addition to dexterity and certain physical fitness, outdoor games require intelligence.

For younger preschoolers, outdoor games are a necessary vital necessity. With their help, a wide variety of tasks are solved: educational, educational and health-improving. In the process of games, favorable conditions are created for the development and improvement of children's motor skills, the formation of moral qualities, as well as habits and skills in the team. Children of primary preschool age perform game tasks with great pleasure. While playing, the child exercises in various movements. With the help of adults, he masters new, more complex types of actions.

The joint actions of young children create conditions for common joyful experiences, common vigorous activity. In collective outdoor games, children learn to play together, give in and help each other. The game helps the child overcome shyness, shyness. It is often difficult to get the baby to perform any movement in front of everyone. In the game, imitating the actions of his comrades, he naturally and naturally performs a variety of movements. Obedience to the rules of the game brings up in children organization, attention, the ability to control their movements, and contributes to the manifestation of volitional efforts. Children should, for example, start moving all together at the direction of the teacher, run away from the driver only after the signal or the last words of the text, if the game is accompanied by text.

The role of outdoor games in increasing the motor activity of children during the day is very important. They are of particular importance for increasing the physiological stress on the child's body. Active motor actions during an emotional upsurge contribute to a significant increase in the activity of the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, due to which there is an improvement in the metabolism in the body and the corresponding training of various systems and organs.

The influence of outdoor games on the development of children's movements, as well as some of their volitional manifestations, largely depends on how long this game lasts. The longer and more actively the child acts in the game, the more he exercises in one or another type of movement, more often he enters into various relationships with other participants, i.e. the more he has to show dexterity, endurance, the ability to obey the rules of the game.

The most effective outdoor games. With the active physical activity of children in the fresh air, the work of the heart and lungs increases, and, consequently, the supply of oxygen to the blood increases. This has a beneficial effect on the general health of children: appetite improves, the nervous system strengthens, and the body's resistance to various diseases increases.

The variety of games in terms of content and organization of children allows them to be selected taking into account the time of the day, the conditions for conducting, the age of the children, their readiness, and also in accordance with the tasks set by the teacher.

Here is a list of outdoor games for children of primary preschool age: “Sparrows and a car”, “Train”, “Airplanes”, “Bubble”, “Sun and rain”, “My cheerful sonorous ball”, “A white hare is sitting”, “Birds fly”, “Mice and a cat”, “Shaggy dog”, “A mother hen and chickens”, “At the bear in the forest” and many others.

Dear parents! Play outdoor games with your children in the yard and involve other children in the game. You and your children will get great pleasure and benefit. We wish you success and health to your children!

Consultation "Methods of making feeders"

In the upbringing of children, an important role is played by instilling in the child love and care for animals and birds. The kid needs to be gradually introduced to the world of birds and animals, and also to explain the role of man in nature. For the development of children, it is very useful to make bird feeders with your own hands.

Is there at least one person who has not made a single bird feeder in his entire life? It can only be a child. Let's fix the situation quickly!

New knowledge

First, in an accessible form, tell the baby that human actions greatly affect nature and, unfortunately, not always positively, that it is very important to protect all life around us, to protect the earth, forests, rivers, animals ... Maybe not worth it give specific facts, for example, that out of ten tits only one survives the winter - this can upset and even scare the baby, but the child must know that a lot depends on people in nature.

Caring for birds will bring joy to the baby, and he will also understand that he needs to help those who need it, and as a result, he will learn mercy.

In addition to invaluable moral, ethical and environmental lessons, you will give the child some natural science knowledge, because the kid will immediately ask you: “What birds are we going to feed?” This is where you will have to thoroughly prepare yourself and find out that about seventy species of birds winter in central Russia, which have nested with us. These are, for example, tits, and we have a fairly large number of species of tits: blue tit, crested tits, gadki, Muscovites, and not just great tits, which we often see in cities (just in winter they pull up to a person’s housing), - with yellow breast, through which a beautiful black "tie" passes. And we also have woodpeckers, goldfinches, linnets, bullfinches, waxwings wintering here, but they can be found mainly outside the city.

Tell your child that birds are of great benefit to nature - they destroy various harmful bugs and caterpillars. But in winter, these pests hide very far and deep, and not all birds can get them as cleverly as a woodpecker. Plant seeds are littered with a thick layer of snow, and there is not enough red mountain ash and hawthorn for everyone. Man can help the birds. And it's not hard to do it.

DIY bird feeder

You can, of course, buy a ready-made feeder, but it is much more correct, from the point of view of educating the younger generation, to make it yourself. The classic feeder is like an open gazebo: it has a floor and a roof. You will put food on the “floor”, and so that it does not crumble and the wind does not blow it away, the “floor” must be protected from all sides with low sides. The roof will protect the food from rain and snow. And in the “floor” you need to drill drainage holes so that the incoming water does not stagnate and the food does not turn sour. Of course, for any design of the feeder, the walls and edges should not be sharp. But what if dad is at work, and you want to make a feeder right now? Use improvised means - bags of milk, kefir, juice, take a five-liter plastic bottle. Cut holes on both sides, leaving a rim at the bottom, and thread a string or wire from above to hang the feeder (bottles already have a handle).

The kid must understand that feeding the birds is not only an important matter, but also a responsible one. Turns out food can be harmful.

Ornithologists warn that birds should never be fed spicy, salty, spicy, fried, sour foods. Birds should not eat citrus fruits (oranges and lemons), banana peels. It is undesirable to feed them rice and buckwheat. You can only give white bread, but black bread is dangerous - it turns sour in the goiter of birds, it is poorly digested (especially in cold weather).

Menu for birds

Here is our finished feeder. What to put in it?

It turns out that different birds have their own food preferences. For example, tits have a very specific taste - they love unsalted bacon and cheese most of all. They also love meat - both boiled and raw. For such treats, even a feeder is not needed, they are simply hung on a branch with a wire. The wind will shake the piece, but this does not bother the titmouse.

Almost all small birds have a favorite dish - sunflower seeds, they should be small and, of course, not fried. Clever birds do not swallow seeds whole, with a skin, but skillfully peck out a grain. In addition to sunflower seeds, birds love the seeds of watermelon, melon, pumpkin, zucchini and squash, millet, millet, mountain ash, hawthorn and corn grains. And also - bacon skins, boiled eggs, boiled potatoes, oatmeal (but not in the form of porridge). Of course, all feed must be fresh and unspoiled.

By the way, birds also need “nutritional supplements”, for example, eggshells are useful for them - an excellent calcium top dressing.

The more varied the treat in the feeder, the more different birds will fly into the "dining room".

Make someone else a little happier and you will be happier yourself!

Memo for parents "Rules for transporting children in a car"

Dear parents!

Many of you are motorists transporting children to kindergarten in private vehicles. Every year in Russia more than 1,000 children die in road traffic accidents and about 25,000 are injured of varying severity. Therefore, in order for your car to be an oasis of safety for your baby, Strictly observe the rules for transporting children in a car!

Safety rules for transporting children in a car

1. It is mandatory to use for the transportation of children under 12 years old, special restraints - equipped child car seats . In order to choose the right product, you should familiarize yourself with the table of existing categories in advance and additionally consult with the seller directly in a specialized store.

2. Studies by foreign experts show that about 90% of car seats are installed incorrectly. Often, adults are too lazy to carefully read and understand all the points of the car seat operating instructions. Some parents, in an attempt to save money, buy cheap chairs that come with incomplete or inaccurate instructions. Sometimes, in order not to disturb the baby once again, adults can deliberately simplify the procedure for installing a car seat. In general, there are a lot of ways to neglect the rules for transporting children in a car, but they are all fraught with consequences.

3. The car seat must be secured in the middle of the rear seat so that the child is not injured by the deployed airbag in the event of an accident.

4. Older children should sit in the back seat, and the seat belt should always be fastened, even when it comes to a short trip. The most important thing is to learn how to properly fasten the baby - so that the seat belts do not dig into the body, do not pinch the neck or chest, but also do not allow the passenger to move too freely.

5. Adjust the mirror so that the child is always in sight, and there is an opportunity to see what he is doing without unnecessary movements.

6. Put a "Baby in the Car" sticker on the rear and windshield, or place a pillow/toy that says so that other drivers will also be extremely careful on the road when they see this warning.

7. Do not leave your child alone in the car, even if you go out for a short time or buy something while standing a stone's throw from the car. Take the child with you, carefully lock the car, and even if the child is asleep, wake him up or pick him up.

8. Things that can be put in the trunk should be placed there. Firstly, the child is able to quietly get potentially dangerous items (for example, road knives) from the luggage. Secondly, during heavy braking, heavy bags can fall on him or press him, causing injury.

9. Snacking in a moving car adds to the risk of choking. And lollipops, which often “calm down” children who are naughty on the road, can seriously injure the oropharynx during sudden braking.

10. Whatever makes adults get out of the car (from the need to refuel the gas tank to the requirement of the state traffic inspector standing at a distance), children must be taken with them.

Life is the most precious thing a person has. Therefore, do not save on the safety of your children!

Consultation "Game as a means of educating preschoolers"

The game- the leading activity of a preschooler, in which his personality is formed. The child's game reflects the events he received in kindergarten or family, when communicating with different people. The game allows the baby to get acquainted with many properties and qualities of the objects around him; imitate adult family members in actions, speech, facial expressions, gestures and labor activities. When playing, the baby, as it were, puts himself in the position of the adult he imitates. By repeatedly repeating the same simple plot (for example, feeding a doll), the child consolidates the forms of behavior and relationships between loved ones, acquires the first labor skills.

In a playing role, he imitates not only actions, but also relationships, feelings, and experiences of adults. Without such an experience it is impossible to form moral concepts.

All this happens if the games of the younger preschooler are supervised by an adult. If you do not lead the game of the baby from an early age, then a four-year-old child will lack the ability to play both independently and with a partner (the games of such children are aimless - rolling a car, rocking a doll). Finding no other use for toys, children quickly abandon the game and demand new toys.

At a younger preschool age, the game becomes a means of development and education if it is built on meaningful communication between adults (parents, grandmothers, etc.) with the child.

In games with loved ones, and then in independent play, the child realizes his moral experience accumulated in kindergarten and in the family.

When playing with your daughter or son, remember that you cannot suppress the initiative of the baby, play with him on an equal footing, carefully direct the course of the game. An important pedagogical condition that contributes to the moral education of children is the selection of toys. The toy pushes the kid on the theme of the game, gives rise to play connections, life situations, raises questions, reflections (sometimes the box is more important than the toy - a stroller, a house, a car).

In the play area of ​​the child, there should be different toys without dividing them into "boys" and "girls".

Important and imaginative, and motor, and didactic (training) toys. The more diverse the types of toys a baby has, the more diverse its games. But the variety of toys does not mean their abundance. It is enough to have 2-3 toys of the same type. When a baby has a lot of the same toys (dolls, cars of different brands), his playing experience, interests, and, consequently, development are limited.

When buying toys, pay attention not only to their novelty, attractiveness, cost. The main thing when buying toys is their pedagogical expediency. Before you make your next purchase, it's a good idea to ask your little one what games they'll need a new toy for.

When it comes to storage space for toys, adults usually complain about the lack of space. But observations show that even if there is a separate children's room, children are not allocated a play corner. Toys are usually stored in boxes, boxes, knots. If the toys of the younger preschooler are not in his field of vision, he cannot start the game, create a game situation, since he still does not know how to plan the game. The presence of a permanent place to store toys does not mean that the baby can only play here. He tends to play where the older members of the family are. Needing constant help, support, encouragement, a place to play, he chooses his grandmother's room, where he can play, the kitchen, if his mother is there, etc.

A change in the game environment evokes new game associations in children, influences the choice of topic, and enriches the game and moral experience.

Don't limit your child's play space, don't forbid moving toys because your child refuses to put them away after playing enough. (how to remove: - who is faster, let's help, encouragement, praise).

Homemade toys replace the child's brothers and sisters if he does not have them. But the toy develops the game only in the presence of children's experience, and in the younger preschooler it is still small. The kid does not know how to use the toy, cannot play on his own, therefore he is looking for cooperation with adults and older children.

Help the child to master the purpose of the toy, form his ability to play.

The participation of adults in children's games can be different. If the toy has just been bought and the baby knows how to play with it, it is better to give him the opportunity to act independently. But soon his experience is depleted, the toy becomes uninteresting. Tell the child new game actions, play with him, advise what role you can take on when playing with a toy, trace the role-playing behavior of the child, his attitude to the toy.

The child's play is developed by an appeal to his previous experience. When playing with your child, watch your speech. The even, calm, friendly tone of an equal partner instills in the child the confidence that he is understood, his oils are shared, they want to play with him.

From time to time, inspect the play area with your child. If the baby accidentally broke a toy, do not rush to throw it away. It's never too late to do this. Of course, a children's toy is often inexpensive, it can be replaced with a similar one, but remember that pleasant memories are associated with an old toy of a son (daughter). Another thing is if the child intentionally breaks toys. Then his behavior deserves condemnation, and all members of the family should be unanimous in this.

A toy repaired by an adult in the presence of a baby will become more expensive for him than a new one. The repair of the toy can be beaten (the bear has a paw - village Aibolit and a nurse; a broken car - build a garage out of cubes and become a car mechanic).

The more time adults devote to their baby, the better the relationship between them. Common interests bring them together, create a friendly atmosphere in the family.

Consultation "The role of the family in the physical education of the child"

Of great importance for the proper physical education of children in the family is the attitude of parents to the issues of a healthy life. The concept of "healthy life" includes a reasonable, firmly established regimen, the purity of the child himself and everything that surrounds him, the systematic use of air, sun and water for hardening, the correct organization of play and physical exercises. Naturally, the life of a family depends on many reasons, so it cannot always be strictly limited to certain limits. However, parents should strive to ensure that the child has all the conditions for his proper physical development. Understanding what is most essential for raising a healthy, physically strong child will make it possible, even under relatively modest conditions, to organize the necessary regimen and establish proper physical education. Try to keep the daily routine the same as in kindergarten. Unfortunately, some parents believe that from the first month of life, a child only needs to be fed and clothed so that he does not catch a cold. As for physical education, it is postponed until the time when he grows up.

The fallacy of this point of view is undeniable. “Honor the tree while it is young, teach the child before it has grown,” says the proverb. However, it is often forgotten. It is natural that parents who do not understand the importance of a timely and systematically conducted physical education, even under excellent living conditions, will not be able to establish it. In spacious apartments, due to the large amount of furniture, it is crowded, in addition, they are rarely ventilated. There is no place for children's furniture in them. Parents simply do not think about physical education in such families. The child is rarely outdoors (getting cold!), he does not have a specific regime - during the day he sleeps, and in the evenings he sits up for a long time at the TV. In such cases, parents, not paying attention to the fact that the child is pale, inactive, awkward, often console themselves with the fact that he is "smart, knows everything." It should never be forgotten that, first of all, it depends on the parents what their children will grow up to be. It is necessary from the first months of a child's conscious life to establish a strict regimen for him and try to strictly follow it. Teach him to sleep, eat, walk and play at certain times. It would be a mistake to assume that the role of the family in the physical education of children is limited only by the organization of the correct regimen. It is equally important to instill in the child the rules of personal hygiene: wash your face daily, wash your hands before eating, wipe your feet when entering the room, etc. If you want your son or daughter to listen to your advice and follow them, you need to resort not only to an affectionate word or strict treatment, but also be a personal example for him. If one of the parents sits down at the table without washing their hands, then it is useless to demand from the baby that he wash them.

Systematic washing of the floor, doors, windows, daily wet dusting, cleaning of clothes and shoes outside the living quarters should be a strict rule.

The growth and development of children largely depends on how well the menu is compiled. Rational nutrition is one of the necessary foundations for the physical education of a child.

In addition to creating favorable living conditions, much attention should be paid to hardening and improving motor activity. To accustom a child's body to adapt quickly and without harm to health to changing environmental conditions is not an easy task. Parents should know the basic rules of hardening and carry it out gradually, from birth.

However, before proceeding with hardening, it is necessary to overcome the fears that often occur in families before drafts or a stream of cool water. It is necessary to find time every day for hardening procedures, gymnastics, massage and games.

The role of example in the upbringing of children is especially great. “How you dress, how you talk to other people and about other people, how you are happy or sad, how you treat friends and enemies, how you laugh, read the newspaper - all this is of great importance for the child. , parental respect for one's family, parental control over one's every step - this is the first and most important method of education, ”writes the outstanding teacher A. S. Makarenko.

If parents love walks in the fresh air, if they do morning exercises every day and, if possible, play sports, strictly observe hygiene rules, then naturally they will strive to raise their children physically strong and morally healthy. The child involuntarily tries to be like his parents.

Where does physical education begin?

First of all, write down on a separate sheet the regimen and the recommended set of physical exercises according to the age of your child. If your son or daughter has any abnormal health conditions (rickets, diathesis, etc.), then before starting physical exercises, you should consult with the doctor of the children's consultation.

All parents want to see their children happy. The basis of happiness is health. It must be strengthened daily, starting from early childhood. Only proper physical education will guarantee that your child will grow up a healthy and strong person.

Frostbite First Aid Consultation

Hypothermia:

As a result of prolonged exposure to low ambient temperature, the child develops chills. Damaged areas of the skin externally are red or bluish-purple seals. Chilling is accompanied by itching, burning, pain, which intensifies if this area is quickly warmed. The legs and arms are often supercooled.

The teacher, gathering the children for a walk, makes sure that they have dry shoes and mittens. Weak children who have had illnesses need special attention.

A sharp drop in body temperature leads to freezing.

The child in this state loses consciousness, the skin turns pale, the pulse is rare. After taking first aid in the frozen, drowsiness, memory loss, and mental disorder are noted. A frequent complication of freezing is inflammation of the lungs, kidneys, and acute indigestion.

First aid to a frozen child consists in warming him in a hot bath, at the same time massage is performed. As soon as the child regains consciousness, he must be given a hot drink, food, put to bed, urgently call a doctor or take him to a medical facility.

Frostbite:

It is more often observed in children who are weakened, in those who wear too tight shoes. It can even be at 0 temperature. Children freeze their fingers and toes, ears, nose tip.

There are three degrees of frostbite:

Frostbite of the 1st degree occurs with short-term exposure to cold. After warming, the affected areas of the skin turn red and swell, there is a slight pain, burning sensation. After 2-3 days, redness and swelling disappear, and no traces of frostbite remain on the skin.

Frostbite 2 degrees occurs with prolonged exposure to cold. Frostbite causes the skin to turn pale. Later, blisters appear filled with a clear or bloody fluid.

Frostbite of the 3rd degree and 4th degree is possible with prolonged exposure to low temperatures, while not only soft tissues, but also bones die, and gangrene develops. Characterized by fever, general intoxication, restless behavior and chills.

First aid for frostbite is to restore blood circulation to the affected area as soon as possible.

Frostbitten hands or feet are warmed in warm water. The damaged area is carefully exposed, immersed in a basin of water 18-20º and a light massage is performed. Massage starts with fingers up. During the massage, it is necessary to force the child to move his fingers in order to quickly restore blood circulation. When fully warmed, the skin becomes bright pink and pain appears. Then the frostbitten place is carefully wiped, wiped with alcohol, a dry sterile bandage is applied and wrapped warmly.

In case of frostbite of the cheeks and nose, they are warmed right on the street, rubbing the affected area in a circular motion. You should not rub the frostbitten place with snow, as small pieces of ice can scratch the skin, and you can also cause an infection. It is better to rub with a soft woolen mitten or with your hand until blood circulation is fully restored. In more severe forms, urgent hospitalization.

Be healthy!

Memo for parents "Read more often to children"

Baby and mom, baby and dad - this is the connection of the child with the parents, given by nature. Close contact, both physical and mental, between a mother and her child is strengthened during breastfeeding, and sweet baby sleep is lulled at this time by mother's lullaby. Mother's voice, gentle and dear, accompanies the child from the very beginning of his life. After the cessation of breastfeeding and when the lullaby ceases to be relevant, many parents forget about maintaining a close emotional connection between them and the child. Mom's voice often begins to replace watching cartoons at night, and a kind, tender parental word turns into a rare gift. Communication with a child turns mainly into a language of commands and prohibitions: “wash your hands”, “play”, “watch a cartoon” ... The active rhythm of life and the realities of modern life alienate parents and their children from each other. Therefore, wise and loving parents should value communication with the baby, which allows you to strengthen the relationship with the child.

This is where reading books to children at night comes to the rescue? Why at night? There are several reasons for such a well-chosen time of day for reading. The time before bedtime is the period when everyone has already freed themselves from daytime worries. Therefore, this is the most well-chosen time of day to create a trusting atmosphere between parents and a child, it is a kind of family ritual dedicated to a common cause, communication, mutual manifestation of love and harmony. Reading to children at night is a continuation of the lullaby, which performed the mission of lulling, but with age passed to another, higher step.

Thanks to reading books at night by parents, the child falls asleep better and sleeps with sweet dreams, thanks to the emotions received. The evening atmosphere in itself calms, so reading books at this time facilitates the perception of what is heard and contributes to the formation of positive emotions, and, consequently, pleasant dreams.

Bedtime stories or fairy tale therapy

“The fairy tale is a lie, and there is a hint in it, a lesson for good fellows,” I immediately remembered when thinking about fairy tales. Reading bedtime stories to children is the best means of good lulling and falling asleep. Fairy tale therapy has proven itself since ancient times. Reading fairy tales is a wonderful tool for the formation of the psyche and perception of the world around the baby, it is an important tool for early development, as well as the main element of educational work.

Reading fairy tales, discussing the actions and deeds of acting heroes, as well as fantasizing the continuation of stories contribute to the comprehensive development of the child's intellect. Fairy tale therapy at night is also a guarantee of a good sleep for a restless baby. The main thing is to learn how to intrigue the baby and arouse his interest in listening.

Rules for reading books to children

In order for reading to bring pleasure and real benefits, you need to follow simple but important rules:

If your baby does not want to listen, then you do not need to force him, as this will not bring any benefit. Mutual reading of books should bring maximum pleasure, and not be an unbearable burden.

Don't waste your time! As a rule, small children aged from one to three are read on average up to ten minutes, at the age of three to five years - 15-20 minutes in a row. I want to note that these are averages, and not standards. You must adapt to the needs of your child.

Reading a book to a child at night should bring mutual pleasure. If you simply force yourself to read in order to fulfill your daily plan, it will not bring any pleasure to your child. It is known that the baby feels the emotions of his parents very much, so reading a book should take place in the most positive mood and should bring maximum pleasure.

Do not choose scary books that excite the imagination.

By reading books to your child every day, you contribute to the expansion of his knowledge and vocabulary.

Read the book slowly, expressively, trying to convey the emotions of the characters and the situation as much as possible.

Do not replace live reading with "dry lifeless" audiobooks.

Happy reading to you and your baby!

Consultation for parents: "The role of the family in the upbringing of children"

The upbringing of the rising generation in a democratic society is a matter of special concern. Its success is determined by the unity and consistency of the educational influences of public education carried out in state educational institutions, the family and the public. The basis of this unity is the complete coincidence of the interests of the state and the family in the upbringing of the new generation, which consists in the formation of comprehensively and harmoniously developed, useful to society, citizens devoted to the Motherland.

The unity of public and family education is one of the main principles of the system of social education, which is recorded in the most important state documents. The educational influence of the family on children must be more and more organically combined with their social education.

The leading role of social education is due to the fact that the upbringing of the child is carried out in a group of peers, where he acquires the first skills of social behavior; it is scientifically based, takes place in a specially created pedagogical environment and is carried out by professionally trained specialists.

Recognition of the leading role of social education does not detract from the great importance of the family in shaping the child's personality.

The family is the primary unit of society in which a new person appears; this small social group is the first school of life for a child. Parents are his first teachers and educators. The power of their influence on the emerging personality is exceptionally great. The basis of the influence of parents on the child is their disinterested love for him, care for him, combined with exactingness. The child responds to this love and care with a feeling of deep affection and love for his parents, recognition of their superiority and authority, a desire to follow them, to imitate in everything. The strength of the influence of the family is due to the child's compliance with educational influences, his imitation.

Our state evaluates the educational role of parents as their important social and civic duty.

“Citizens of Russia,” the Constitution says, “are obliged to take care of the upbringing of children, to prepare them for socially useful work, to raise them as worthy members of society. Children have an obligation to take care of their parents and help them.”

The importance of the family in the upbringing of young children is especially great; under the guidance of their parents, they master the initial ideas about the world around them.

Russian families have accumulated a positive experience of successfully raising children in accordance with the requirements of society: the formation of their love for the Motherland, the foundations of moral behavior. But there are families in which serious mistakes are made in raising children, which negatively affects their further development, puts forward the complex problem of re-education. The main reason for these errors is the insufficient level of pedagogical culture of parents.

Wanting to raise a good person, a future citizen from your child is not enough. You have to be able to do it.

Who should help parents master the science and art of education? An important role in this work belongs to teachers of preschool institutions. In an effort to establish the unity and interaction of educational influences on the child in the family and kindergarten, they carry out pedagogical education of parents, provide them with practical assistance, educators do a lot of work with the family, achieving the unity of public and family education.

Conditions for the proper upbringing of children in the family

Parents should understand A. S. Makarenko’s thought that “children’s upbringing is the most important area of ​​​​our life ... Proper upbringing is our happy old age, bad upbringing is our future sorrow, these are our tears, this is our guilt before others people, in front of the whole country. The upbringing of your child should not be seen as a personal matter, but as the fulfillment of a civic duty to society. By raising children, parents shape the personality of future workers, citizens, future fathers and mothers; not only they themselves are interested in success, but society as a whole. In exceptional cases, when parents cannot create the necessary conditions for raising children, they are assisted by the state.

Successful upbringing of children in a family can only be when parents clearly understand its purpose and tasks, ways and means of their implementation. This is necessary to establish the unity of educational influences in the family and kindergarten. “We must be aware of our own parental desires,” said A. S. Makarenko. He emphasized that parents should have a clear idea of ​​who they want to raise from their child, what kind of person, what qualities to give him. In order to properly educate a child, one must know and understand him well, and this requires pedagogical knowledge. They will help parents in the correct analysis of the behavior of the child, the choice of the right ways for his upbringing.

An important role in the upbringing of children is played by the general way of life of the family: the equality of spouses, the organization of family life, the correct relationship between family members, the general tone of goodwill, mutual respect and care, the atmosphere of patriotism, diligence, general order and family traditions, the unity of adults' requirements for the child. Family life should be organized in such a way that not only material needs (for food, clothing, warmth, etc.) but also spiritual needs are more fully satisfied and developed.

Parents must have authority in the eyes of the child, without this education is impossible. What is parental authority based on? The basis of parental authority is the civil face of parents, their life, work, behavior, sense of responsibility for their family to society. The most authoritative are those parents who successfully combine work and social activities with family responsibilities, show interest and attention to the lives of their children, skillfully and tactfully manage their lives and development - all this applies equally to mother and father.

At the heart of the relationship of parents to the child is a natural and wonderful feeling of love for him. “Love is the creator of all that is good, sublime, strong, warm and bright,” wrote F. E. Dzerzhinsky. It's all about the sense of measure of manifestation of parental love, combined with exactingness and respect for the personality of the child. Immeasurable love for a child, manifested in the unconditional satisfaction of all his desires and requirements “I want”, “Give”, “Buy”, open admiration for him, demonstration of his barely emerging abilities - all this harms the baby, makes him capricious, selfish, weakens his will . Such love for a child is called blind.

The correct attitude of parents towards children lies in the ability to combine kindness, gentleness, and tenderness with strict, consistent exactingness, taking into account the child's capabilities and age characteristics. A. S. Makarenko advised parents "to be as affectionate as you like with the child, to joke with him, to play, but when the need arises, you must be able to order briefly, once ...". Consequently, the tone of the relationship between parents and children should combine calmness, poise, friendliness with determination and efficiency. Treating a child correctly means respecting a person in him, albeit still small, with little life experience and knowledge, respecting his rights to adult attention to him, to communication with them, to the conditions for various activities.

Consultation "Formation of interest in children of the 4th year of life in people of different professions"

Dear parents!

We offer you game material for the formation of children's interest in people of different professions.

The game "Who works where?"	Ask your child: who works in the store. .. in kindergarten. .. , in the hospital. .. at the barbershop. .. For example: educators, assistant educators, cooks, a nurse, a head work in a kindergarten. Make riddles: “I have a lot of things to do if someone is sick. I will cure all my friends! Guess who I am?”, “Every day I get into the cab, start the engine of the car, go to distant lands. Guess who I am?”, “Scissors, shampoo, comb, I’ll do hair for everyone. I cut both adults and children. Guess me soon!"
Game "Who needs it?"	Show your child different objects (vacuum cleaner, syringe, pan, bucket). Offer to name them and tell when they are used and for what purpose. For example: this is a ladle, the cook needs it to pour soup and compote. Or: a knife, a board, a pan - the cook needs to cook food.
Game "Who's doing what?"	Ask your child what the chef does. .. , doctor. .., teacher's assistant. .. , driver. .., hairdresser, etc. Invite the child to show the intended action of a person of any profession, and you, in turn, try to guess. You can compete: who will name the most actions (cook - cuts, fries, bakes, cooks, cooks, etc.)
Game "Fix the Mistakes"	Invite the child to listen, notice and correct mistakes. For example: a doctor prepares a delicious dinner, a teacher treats people, a cook gives injections. What's wrong? The child corrects and says the correct answer.
The game "The Fourth Extra"	Show the child 4 pictures or draw a diagram (pan, syringe, thermometer, phonendoscope). Ask: what item will be superfluous? Why? The child expresses his guess, building a logical chain: the pan is superfluous, because the cook needs it, and the doctor needs all the other items. One may ask: why?

Consultation "ABC of traffic"

Not all parents attach importance to teaching their children the signs and traffic rules, referring to the fact that the child is always supervised. But sometimes your own yard turns into a highway.

Many parents wonder when to start telling their child about road hazards?

As soon as the baby begins to walk!

Firstly, because these rules should become automatic, unconditional and not allow doubts about their correctness.

Secondly, a child holding a hand can go or even run at any moment. And possibly towards the car.

The learning process itself is best broken down into several practical lessons.

1st stage. Whenever you walk with your baby on the street, pay attention to traffic lights, road signs, pedestrian crossings (zebras). Explain your actions: “The green light is on, and you and I are crossing the street.” Despite the presence of a traffic light, you look first to the left, then to the right, checking for the presence of cars on the road. Be sure to hold the baby tightly by the hand, let the baby feel that the danger is near.

2nd stage. Always include your child in the conversation. Ask questions:

“Look, can I cross the road now? Not? And when is it possible?

3rd stage. Learning the rules of the road in the game.

Explore the real street with your baby. It’s good if you buy a board game according to the Rules of the Road in the store. You can make your own learning material. The street can be drawn on a piece of drawing paper; for playing around, take small cars and figures. For the kid, this will be an exciting game, during which he will quickly master the Rules of the Road. A traffic light can be made from a box and colored cardboard. A footpath made of strips of black and white cardboard, connect the strips with tape. Take soft toys to the game. Let the child explain to the toy how to behave on the road.

Another sure way to introduce children to the Rules of the Road is to watch educational cartoons about traffic rules for children: “Zebras in the City”, “Traffic Light”, “ABC of the Road”. Learn the basics of safe behavior on the road with TeleNanny!

But the most effective way of learning is to show by your personal example how to behave on the road!

We wish you success!

Memo for parents "Finger gymnastics"

The famous teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky owns the statement: "The mind of a child is at the tips of his fingers."

The movements of the fingers and hands of the child have a special developmental impact. As you remember, a newborn's hands are always clenched into fists, and if an adult puts his index fingers in the child's palms, he squeezes them tightly. The baby can even be raised a little. However, the child performs these manipulations at a reflex level, his actions have not yet reached a high brain control, which subsequently allows him to consciously perform movements.

The significance of the grasping reflex lies in the child's ability not to let go of the object. As the brain matures, this reflex evolves into grasping and letting go. The more often the child has a grasping reflex, the more effective the emotional and intellectual development of the baby is.

The influence of manual (manual) actions on the development of the human brain was known as early as the 2nd century BC in China. Experts argued that games involving hands and fingers (such as our "White-sided Magpie" and others) bring the body and mind into harmony, keep the brain systems in excellent condition.

In saturation with acupuncture zones, the hand is not inferior to the ear and foot. The hand has the largest "representation" in the cerebral cortex, so it is the development of the hand that plays an important role in the formation of the brain and the development of speech. And that is why the child's verbal speech begins when the movements of his fingers reach sufficient accuracy. The child's hands prepare the ground for the subsequent development of speech.

There are nice and fun ways to help our children and ensure the development of fine motor skills, which means avoiding a lot of unpleasant moments in your child's future school life. These are finger games. You can engage in them with a child from birth. And it's best to never finish.
Finger games develop the child's brain, stimulate the development of speech, creativity, and the baby's imagination. Simple movements help to remove tension not only from the hands themselves, but also to relax the muscles of the whole body. They are able to improve the pronunciation of many sounds, the better the fingers and the whole hand work, the better the child speaks.
The talent of our folk pedagogy created the games "Ladushki", "Magpie-white-sided", "Horned Goat" and others. Their meaning is still insufficiently comprehended by adults. Many parents see them as entertaining, rather than developing, healing effects. Studies by domestic physiologists also confirm the connection between the development of hands and the development of the brain. Works by V.M. Bekhterev proved the influence of hand manipulation on the functions of higher nervous activity, the development of speech. Simple hand movements help to remove tension not only from the hands themselves, but also from the lips, relieve mental fatigue. They are able to improve the pronunciation of many sounds, and therefore - to develop the child's speech. Research M.M. Koltsov proved that each finger of the hand has a fairly extensive representation in the cerebral cortex. The development of subtle movements of the fingers precedes the appearance of articulation of syllables. Thanks to the development of the fingers, a projection of the "scheme of the human body" is formed in the brain, and speech reactions are directly dependent on the fitness of the fingers.

What happens when a child does finger gymnastics?

1. Performing exercises and rhythmic finger movements inductively leads to excitation in the speech centers of the brain and a sharp increase in the coordinated activity of the speech zones, which ultimately stimulates the development of speech.

2. Finger games create a favorable emotional background, develop the ability to imitate an adult, teach to listen and understand the meaning of speech, increase the child's speech activity.

3. Children learn to concentrate their attention and distribute it correctly,

4. If the child performs the exercises correctly, accompanying them with short poetic lines, then his speech will become more clear, rhythmic, vivid, and control over the movements performed will increase.

5. The child's memory develops as he learns to memorize certain hand positions and sequences of movements.

6. Children develop imagination and fantasy. Having mastered all the exercises, he will be able to "tell with his hands" whole stories,

7. As a result of mastering all the exercises, the hands and fingers acquire strength, good mobility and flexibility, and this will further facilitate mastering the skill of writing.

All exercises are divided into three groups:

1 group - Exercises for the hands,

Group 2 - Exercises for the fingers "conditionally static"

Group 3 - Exercises for fingers "dynamic".

At what age can you start doing these exercises?

Based on the healing effect on the child's body of each of the fingers, help the child to manipulate them in a coordinated and deft manner. Pay attention to the child's mastery of simple, but at the same time vital skills - to hold a cup, a spoon, pencils, to wash. For example, if at the age of four he does not know how to bring water to his face in a handful, it means that his small muscles are lagging behind in development.

Finding a lag in a child, do not be upset. Do finger exercises with him.

Such training should begin from early childhood, some experts advise starting finger gymnastics from 6 to 7 months, but even at a later age, classes will be very useful and effective.

You can start with a daily massage for 2-3 minutes of the hands and fingers:

1. Stroke and rub your palms up and down;

2. Knead and rub each finger along, then across

3. Rub your fingers in a spiral motion.

Then you can perform some exercises of group 3, but in a passive form, i.e. you yourself bend, unbend the child's fingers and perform other energetic movements, accompanying them with rhythmic lines. It is important that all fingers participate in the exercises.

1. At first, all exercises are performed slowly. Make sure that the child correctly reproduces and holds the position of the hand or fingers and correctly switches from one movement to another. If necessary, help the baby or teach him to help himself with his other hand.

2. Exercises are practiced first with one hand, then with the other hand, then with both hands at the same time.

3. Each exercise has its own drawing to create a visual image. First, show the child a colored drawing and explain how the exercise should be performed, then you show the picture, name the exercise, and the child performs what position of the hands or fingers he should reproduce.

When all the exercises are well known, you can perform the following game tasks:

1. Remember and repeat a series of movements according to verbal instructions, starting with two movements and ending with 3.4 or more.

2. "Telling with your hands" fairy tales and little stories.

Finger games include games with plasticine, pebbles and peas, games with buttons and lacing. A useful and exciting activity will be getting toys out of the pool with cereals. For some games, you can put paper caps on your fingers or draw eyes and a mouth on the fingertips. The greatest attention of the child is attracted by finger games with nursery rhymes or with singing. The synthesis of movement, speech and music pleases the kids and allows you to conduct classes most effectively. All these activities will help your child learn to be a real master of his hands and ten fingers, perform complex manipulations with objects, and therefore climb another step of the steep ladder leading to the heights of knowledge and skills.

Finger games are very popular with children, so play, play again, play again, often!

Remember! Any exercises will be effective only with regular classes! Practice daily for about 5 minutes.

Consultation "How to cultivate independence?"

Independence is a valuable quality that a person needs in life, it is necessary to educate him from early childhood.

Children are naturally active. The task of adults is to develop this activity, to direct it in the right direction, and not to suppress it with intrusive guardianship. Children very often strive to perform various activities on their own. And as adults, it is important to support them in this. Often, for various reasons - due to lack of time, lack of confidence in the child's abilities - we strive to do everything for him ourselves. But are we really helping the child?

In an effort to do everything for the child, we are doing wrong. Already by the age of three, the child's desire for independence sharply increases. He has a strong desire to assert himself. In no case should one suppress these impulses of children, this can lead to negativism, stubbornness, obstinacy, self-will can be observed. Thus, the suppression of children's independence can have a serious negative impact on the development of the child's personality.

Of course, kids do not immediately and with great difficulty acquire the necessary skills, they need the help of adults. First of all, the necessary conditions should be created in the family: adapt a clothes hanger to the growth of the child, allocate an individual shelf or place on the shelf for storing toilet items (handkerchiefs, ribbons, socks), a permanent and convenient place for a towel, etc.

It is also necessary to correctly guide the actions of children. Before requiring the child to be independent in self-care, he is taught the actions necessary in the process of dressing, washing, eating.

When teaching children certain actions (putting on a jacket, untying a scarf, washing hands, holding a spoon correctly, etc.), one must clearly demonstrate how to perform them. The show should preferably be done at a slow pace.

It is desirable that adults accompany the demonstration of actions and attempts of children to perform them on their own not only with explanations, but also with questions that direct the attention of children to the need to act in a certain way. This helps him quickly learn the way to do it, understand why you need to do it that way.

In the work of self-service, the child is taught to bring the work begun to the end, to do the work with high quality. For example, they teach not only to take off clothes in a certain sequence, but also to turn each item on the front side, fold it neatly, and hang it up.

Raising independence, it is better, as rarely as possible, to resort to comments, censures, relying on encouragement and praise. A positive assessment generates interest in the kids, the desire to improve their result, gives them the opportunity to see what they have learned, what else needs to be learned.

At preschool age, children have great imitation. Everything they see, both good and bad, is reflected in their behavior. Therefore, wanting to instill independence and accuracy in children, we must be an example to follow. If we do not put things in their place, handle them carefully, but only demand this from children, then we will not be able to develop habits of neatness in the baby.

Work should bring joy to the child. Therefore, do not blame him for slowness and negligence. This can cause a negative emotional state, leading to a reluctance to take part in labor next time. Experience will come gradually. First you need to generate interest.

It is important that from early childhood the child learns that work is difficult, but honorable.

Consultation "Formation of the culture of the meal"

By the age of 2-3, the baby has all the milk teeth, and the child can and should master and consolidate the chewing skill well. His body needs only benign foods; cooking should be gentle. The correct selection of products containing protein, calcium salts, phosphorus, fluorine, vitamins D, A is very important. Dense foods that have a lot of fiber are useful, for example, raw carrots, apples, pieces of fresh cabbage.

Every kid has their own habits and you have to reckon with them. Often children refuse to eat unloved or unfamiliar food. There is a compromise to be made here:

you can reduce the portion by removing part of the side dish,

cut a sandwich or an apple into several pieces,

ask the baby just to try the dish,

disguise unfamiliar food with familiar food.

What to look out for when eating

The sequence of dishes should be constant.

Only one dish can be placed in front of the child.

The dish should not be too hot or cold.

It is useful to put food in the mouth in small pieces, chew well.

Don't talk while eating.

Mouth and hands - wipe with a paper towel.

What not to do while eating

Loud conversations and music.

Urging, urging the child.

Force-feeding or supplementary feeding.

Condemnation of the baby for negligence, untidiness, improper use of cutlery.

Unaesthetic table setting, ugly design of dishes.

After finishing eating, the baby needs to be taught to rinse his mouth.

How not to feed your baby

(from the book by V. Levy "Non-Standard Child")

Seven Great and Obligatory "NOTs"

Do not force. Let's understand and remember: food violence is one of the most terrible violence against the body and personality, harm is both physical and mental. If the child does not want to eat, then he does not need to eat at the moment! If you don’t want to eat only something specific, then you don’t need this! No compulsion in food! No "feeding"! The child is not a farm animal! Lack of appetite during illness is a sign that the body needs internal purification, it wants to starve itself, and in this case the voice of instinct is more correct than any medical prescription.

Do not impose. Violence in a mild form: persuasion, persuasion, persistent repetition of a sentence. Stop - and never again.

Don't appease. Food is not a means of obtaining obedience or a means of enjoyment; food is a means of life. Healthy enjoyment of food is, of course, necessary, but it must come only from a healthy appetite. With your sweets, you will only achieve spoilage and perversion of taste, as well as metabolic disorders.

Don't rush. Food is not fire fighting. The pace of eating is a purely personal matter. Haste in eating is always harmful, and breaks in chewing are necessary even for a cow. If you have to rush to school or somewhere else, then it is better for the child not to finish eating than to swallow another unfinished piece in confusion and panic.

Do not disturb. While the child is eating, the TV should be turned off and the new toy tucked away. However, if the child is distracted from eating himself, do not protest or urge: it means that he is not hungry.

Not to indulge, but to understand. You can not let the child eat anything and in any quantity (e.g. unlimited jams or ice cream). There should be no food coercion, but there should be food prohibitions, especially for diathesis and allergies. Compliance with all other "not" will save you from many additional problems.

Don't worry and don't worry. No anxiety, no worries about whether the child ate on time and how much. Just keep an eye on the quality of the food. Do not pester, do not ask: "Have you eaten? Do you want to eat?" Let him ask, let him demand it himself, when he wants, so it will be right - so, only so!

Consultation “Safety rules for children. Road Safety»

1. When driving on the sidewalk:

Keep to the right side of the sidewalk;

Do not lead the child along the edge of the sidewalk: an adult should be on the side of the roadway;

2. Getting ready to cross the road:

Stop or slow down, inspect the roadway;

Involve your child in observing the situation on the road;

Emphasize your movements: turn your head to look at the street, stop to look at the road, stop to let cars pass;

Teach your child to recognize approaching vehicles;

Do not stand with the child on the edge of the sidewalk, as when driving the vehicle can hook, knock down, run over by the rear wheels;

Repeatedly show the child how the vehicle stops at the crossing, how it moves by inertia.

3. When leaving home:

Immediately draw the attention of the child to the movement of vehicles at the entrance and together see if a car, motorcycle, moped, bicycle is approaching you;

If there are vehicles at the entrance or trees grow that block the view, stop your movement and look around for danger behind the obstacle.

4. While waiting for public transport:

Stay with your children only on the landing pads, and if there are no children, on the sidewalk or shoulder.

5. When crossing the carriageway:

Cross the road only at pedestrian crossings or at intersections along the marked zebra line, otherwise the child will get used to crossing where necessary;

Don't rush or run; always cross the road with a measured step;

Do not cross the road obliquely; emphasize, show and tell the child every time that you are going strictly across the street, that this is done for better observation of auto and motor vehicles;

Do not rush to cross the road if you see friends, relatives, acquaintances on the other side. Do not rush and do not run to them, inspire the child that it is dangerous;

Don't start crossing a street where traffic rarely passes without looking around;

Explain to the child that cars can suddenly leave the alley, from the courtyard of the house;

6. When boarding and disembarking from public transport:

Get out in front of the child, as the baby may fall, and an older child may run out of the standing transport onto the roadway;

Approach the vehicle door for landing only after a complete stop: a child, like an adult, can stumble and get under the wheels;

Do not take public transport at the last moment when it departs; the front door is especially dangerous, as you can get under the wheels of the vehicle;

Teach your child to be careful in the stop zone, a particularly dangerous place for him: a stopped bus reduces the view of the road in this zone.

7. When driving a car:

Teach children to sit in the car only in the back seat; do not allow to sit next to the driver if the front seat is not equipped with a child seat;

Do not allow a young child to stand in the back seat while driving: in a collision or sudden stop, he may fly over the back of the seat and hit the front glass;

Do not allow children to be in the vehicle unattended.

Consultation "The role of educational games for children 3 - 4 years old"

What does it take for a child to grow up inquisitive, intelligent, quick-witted? Try to listen to the baby, understand the peculiarities of his age, evaluate his own, individual capabilities.

Three years is the milestone at which early childhood ends and preschool age begins. The child begins to separate himself from the world of surrounding adults, he enters into a more independent life. The kid already understands a lot, knows and knows how and strives to learn even more. Your task is to help him in this. In the mental development of a preschooler, the main thing is acquaintance with the objects around him. Their shape, size, color, location in space, movement - this is what attracts the child.

Games-activities that are offered to children of this age are based mainly on the actions of the child with a variety of objects. For the development of perception, games are useful in which the child will need to compare objects by color, shape, size and find the same among them. Sometimes this requires not paying attention to other important features of objects, for example, their purpose. If this causes difficulty for the baby, help him.

Games aimed at developing attention will require careful consideration and comparison of objects, identifying their similarities and differences. It is recommended to develop verbal memory in a role-playing game, where the memorization of words will become a necessary condition for the child to fulfill his role. Other games are aimed at training visual memory. A large group of didactic games is aimed at developing the child's thinking. For a three-year-old child, it is most expedient to solve mental problems that require disclosure of the structure of objects and their relative spatial arrangement. The next group of games is focused on the development of the child's creative abilities, stimulating his imagination. The kid will strive to notice different qualities of objects at the same time, look for various options for seeing the same thing or picture. And finally, mathematical task games will help teach the child to identify quantitative relationships between objects.

When organizing games with a child, take a closer look at him, evaluate his individual characteristics. If he quickly and easily copes with tasks, you can offer him more complex ones and, conversely, in case of difficulties, it is better to stay longer on simple ones. In no case should you force the completion of tasks, reproach the baby for not being able to do something, even if his peers easily do it.

It is important not only to teach the child something, but also to instill self-confidence in him, to form the ability to defend his idea, his decision. This is especially true for the performance of creative tasks, which usually have several solutions and which do not require a strict assessment: “true - false”. It is necessary to teach the child to accept criticism without offense and put forward new ideas.

And again, the individual traits of the child are important here. If he is bold and confident, you can begin to teach him to critically evaluate his answers. If he is shy, indecisive, it is better to first cheer him up and support any initiative. If the kid tends to quickly change tasks, getting off with the first answer that comes across, then it would be good to interest him in the task, teach him to find new details in it, saturating the familiar with new content. And vice versa, if, while performing a game task, the child “gets bogged down” in endless details, which prevents him from moving forward, it is better to help him choose one option, leaving everything superfluous aside, to practice the ability to move from one idea to another, which is especially important when performing creative tasks.

When working with a child, remember that his actions are only just beginning to become purposeful. It is still very difficult for the kid to follow the intended goal, he is easily distracted and moves from one activity to another. Fatigue sets in quickly. A child's attention can only be focused on a small number of objects at the same time. Interest easily arises (especially when the child sees new and bright objects) but also disappears easily. Therefore, if you want to organize educational games, classes, remember three rules:

Rule one: do not give the baby toys for constant use with which you will play games so that he does not lose interest in them.

Rule two: during the game, the child should not be distracted by foreign objects. Everything superfluous must be removed from the field of view of the baby.

Rule three: keep the games simple and short enough. Even 5 minutes is enough! But always strive for the child to finish what he started. And after that, change the game to a new one - and you will see that the child's attention will come to life again.

Each game is a communication of a child with an adult, with other children; it is a school of cooperation in which he learns and rejoices in the success of his peers, and endures his failures. Goodwill, support, joyful atmosphere of fiction and fantasy - only in this case our games will be useful for the development of the child.

Each game can be played with one baby, or with several. And it’s even better to play with the whole family, at least for a few minutes postponing your business. The joy that you bring to your child will also become your joy, and the pleasant moments spent together will help you make your life together kinder and more fun.

So play along with your baby!