Disputes about what behavior is good, periodically arise in peacetime, but especially sharp disagreements become increasingly after large tragedies - you can make sure that the ribbon can be shedding in any social network. Not that the truth is always born in such debates, because even the universal concept of goodness has not yet invented. Nina Mashurova found out from experts why people still want to be good as promial behavior affects health and how it is connected with the meaning of life.

Ingrid Haas.

associate Professor Political Science, Director of the Laboratory of Political Relations University of Nebraski-Lincoln

To understand why people want to be good, it seems to me, it is worth thinking about social motivation: over how it functions and how it developed. Everyone has a set of moral and ideological attitudes, which helps to make an opinion, as society should be arranged and what behavior is correct or wrong. These beliefs can be based on religion, but not necessarily (atheists and agnostics also have morality). Ideology and moral helps people find the meaning in the world in which they live. From these beliefs, we draw an idea of \u200b\u200bsociety and our place in the world. Social psychology shows that people are very motivated and want to belong to the group, feel that they can make an "appreciable" contribution to her life. So the stay is good contributes to strengthening relations and helps to find a meaning or purpose in life.

If you include cynicism, people are beneficial to be good, because there are a number of social penalties for those who behave badly or not enough to give society. People who violate moral norms or expectations (for example, causing harm to others or dishonestly behaving with them), may be exposed to ostracism from their family, friends and other social groups. Recent research in the field of psychology shows that loneliness has a negative impact on a person, so I think, we all have an incentive to be good in order not to lose your social status. But what is important is all applicable to groups where good behavior appreciates and where the actions are generally appreciated. Therefore, people are less aspire to behave well when they know that they are not caught or something can be done anonymously. At the same time, if people are combined into groups where bad behavior is valued, this measure of bad behavior is still toughened: so hardening "fastenings" of a similar social circle.

Jeff Fletcher

specialist in the Systemology of Portland State University

Perhaps the fact is that the desire to be good serves as evolutionary purposes, as well as hunger and lust. From our individual experience, we can conclude that we eat to satisfy hunger, and we have sex to satisfy your sexual desire, but from an evolutionary point of view these needs make us more stable and increase the chances of healthy offspring. The evolution of mammals (and the person including) suggests that the individuals that are experiencing a stronger hunger leave more offspring.

If the desire to be good is a congenital mechanism, then, presumably, the more important for a person to be good. But from a Darwinian point of view, more selfish individuals get more resources and grow more successful offspring. This is an old mystery of evolutionary biology, how to explain good, that is, ineistently behavior? One theory dates back to the Darwinian teaching itself, the idea that natural selection can occur on several levels. If there was a tough competition between the tribes and the tribes took place in the evolution of man and the tribes took place for the most part of the ineister participants (devoted to each other and ready to fight in the forefront), then good behavior could be considered more advantageous at the group level.

People want to be good in relation to those whom they rank to their group

There are two points that I have to designate. The first: selfish people in predominantly ineistent tribes were single and were punished. From the point of view of multi-level selection, what came out of this - the balance between the intragroup selection (emphasis on non-physicality) and intergroup (emphasis on egoism). From a psychological point of view, people have developed a skill of distinction of liars and egoists, and a sense of justice, which tells them to punish liars for the good of the whole group.

Second: very selfish or very good behavior in groups can be the result of strong competition between groups. I would say that people want to be good to those whom they ranks their group - that is, to whom they may experience empathy. And, of course, we all belong to several groups with different levels of similarities between participants. Some groups are very wide and may include not only all people (and, accordingly, to ratify their rights), but also animals. Others are less extensive, an example can serve a family, sect, adherents of a particular confession. Figures of the latest news, suicide bumps, may well have a goal of being good in the framework of the group with which they are associated, but, unfortunately, their manner of behavior in relation to other groups they are regarded as strangers, extremely cruel.

That is, I believe that in a desire to be good there is a dark side, especially if we are talking about opposing groups (this desire can be part of human nature). On the other hand, it is impossible not to note the progress that we made in the field of human rights and our ability to emphasize others.

Ariel Knafo Noam

specialist in the field of psychology of the Jewish University in Jerusalem

There are many reasons why people want to be good. We are social animals. From birth, we are part of certain relationships. We might have evolved with the desire or need to help others and share with them, because such promial behavior helps to build communication and strengthens the relationship between members of the Group, and the Group is our survival. This desire to help others may include empathy, that is, the ability to feel the same as close. Another theory of the emergence of this desire is associated with the parental instinct, which the babies can survive. As soon as the system of relationships between the parent and the child has improved, she could spread to other relationships.

Of course, everything is more difficult in life. We do not help each oncoming (and it may not be a very good idea in principle). Other components like reciprocity and quality of relationships affect our ability to behave commonly. And any help can be motivated by different things. For example, people can sacrifice money for charity, only in order not to deny someone in response to a request or to get a tax break, or to feel better morally - and all these reasons may be indulging at the same time. All these motifs follow the importance of the social component in the life of everyone: we are worried about others, and that they think about us. It makes us behave well.

Jencia Chao.

director of the Center for Taoist Studies of the University of Holy Trinity and St. David

From the point of view of Confucianism, a good person is good, so he has a natural sympathy towards children and other families and societies. Greed, prejudice and other passion created by people - this is what prevents good behavior. Daosistors believe that all the creations, including a person, originated from Dao, and precisely Dao gave rise to qi (vital energy and reproduction force), so all beings should have the same good nature, which contributes to enrichment and growth - not only own, but also group , for the prosperity of all living beings.

This topic involuntarily occurs when you notice that today it has become fashionable to be "bad."
Bad - not only in the literal sense of the word, and then it will be clear what is meant here.

Now it has become very fashionable to be, say, SociFob, Misanthrop, and hang out other "diagnoses", emphasizing your statement from society, from other people, elevating loneliness and "individuality" to the cult.

This happens for many reasons, one of which is dissatisfaction with itself, and ordinary stah. A person inspires his energy, forbidding her to function normally, it tries to be unlikely, to be worn out of other people ... and perhaps only with the "chosen" circle, considering only his worthy communication and friendship.
It sounds all quite exaggerated, but in fact now it happens completely and next.

In the Internet space, many communities are created, with the loud names of "Cynic", "Misanthrop", "sociophobes" and so on. People join them to show the rest that they are not spacers, but mysterious single, who do not recognize the "crowd."

In childhood, many fairy tales show us that good: weak, obedient, badly ... It always suffers trouble.
Yes, at the end of the fairy tale it almost always wins, but it's not that ....
But evil, although he suffers defeat at the end of the stories, for what a charismatic, what a cunning!

So, these days, many began to do everything possible to close from people. What would seem "bad", noticeable, "bold" ... such a lonely wolves.

Well, if a person is not gaining in his image, and still removes this mask, under which it is white and fluffy.
But for many, such an image of thoughts and life becomes their norm.
And walks around the world, a million such sociophobes and Misanthropov, who themselves came up with this, and who, in fact, are not the most happy people.

Bad to be easier. You initially have no hopes. You can't disappoint anyone, because you are already bad. This is a kind of protection from others, the fear of being accepted by someone.

Such people just "frozen" their energy, not allowing it to function, their bodies begin to suffer.
Evil, dislike, envy and other similar things - make a person "rot". After time, his health begins to suffer.

Therefore, the games in such an image, do not lead to anything good, forcing a person to suffer not only sincerely, but also physically.

The growth of wisdom can accurately measure the degree of decrease in the malice.

Said the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche.

And there is truth about it. Spiritually rich, wise people are always kind, blond. They can be strict, but they have no anger or aggression, envy and other things.

Therefore, if you have noticed the desire to be the same "single", who does not recognize others, if you want to be bad, find the cause, the fear that pushes you to it, and try to get rid of it once and for all.

You will be surprised to find out that some people from your surroundings that seem smart to you are actually not at all like that.

Intellect is an important marker in our society. We study the behavior of people to evaluate how smart they are compared to us and others. As we become older, the intellect is revered more and more, and we tend to listen more often to those whom we consider smarter than we ourselves.

Nevertheless, there are many ways with which people can simply pretend to be smart to attract more attention and express their opinions. To help you see the difference between truly smart and applicants for such behavior, we will describe the five main types of behavior that many people use to make us believe due to their intellect.

Wearing glasses

One of the most common ways to look smarter - wearing glasses. Well, it is probably what you have already heard. Even psychologists agree that those who have glasses look much smarter, and even more correct in the eyes of employers. But why do the glasses produce such an effect?

In fact, this is a tool that we use to fix vision. They are especially important for those who read literature and focuses on writing texts over long periods of time. Points make people believe that your vision is worse than others that you need to focus a long time on performing certain intellectual tasks. All this together leads to the idea that you have a higher level of intelligence than the average person.

Currently, even if you do not need glasses, you can easily buy a pair with a set of false lenses, creating an illusion of the presence of a high level of intelligence. Therefore, follow the surrounding. For example, a newcomer in the office may not be so smart as it seems.

Boasting the results of single exams, interviews

What is a great way to make people think that you are smart? Just tell them that it really is. Boast the results of the exam, some achievement - a great way to make others congratulate you with it, to force believe that you are smarter than it really is. Watch out for people who constantly say how well they did it.

Pride is not bad, but Balavia is completely different. In the latter case, a person deliberately tells to someone how he was smart, constantly reminds about it.

Only boasting random good estimates can be another signal sign that everything does not seem. Most people with a high level of intelligence receive consistently high marks. And, most likely, they will not feel better to brag, except that they will simply tell about it if they are asked. If a person constantly uses the same example to tell you how smart it is, it is probably just pretending to be so.

"Foam" accepting habits and interests

Intellectually developed people are prone to more "right" entertainment and interests, such as classical music and advanced literature. Persons who only want you to believe in their mental abilities, just try to show attachment to these habits to look solid and smart. It's one thing is to really get involved with something, but people who pretend to be smart, cannot even fully understand what they are talking about.

You do not need to test them for all questions, find out specifically how well they understand classical music. But pay attention to the fact that they are missing when they tell, for example, about famous artists and writers. One who is really interested in this is more likely to indicate not only on well-known facts about some abstract artists, he knows a lot about what they liked what they were fond of what were in life.

Standing complaints about stupid people

A comprehensively developed person is usually always polite and kind. Just because someone is not as smart, like you, do not make you better than he, and does not make it worse than you. Real smart people know and welcome the fact that others cannot fully understand some concepts available to the understanding of others. People who pretend smart, do not accept this.

Loud statements and complaints about trivial errors or the stupidity of others are an indicative sign that someone is not sure of its own intelligence. Suppressing others and humiliating them, such personals feel better, they are confident that others see them a higher intelligence than it actually.

Do not deceive if someone fixes trivial errors. Most likely, this person is simply pretended by smart, and not really so.

Using unnecessarily words

Long words - the personification of intelligence. If you use them, it means that you have a good vocabulary that is replenished thanks to reading and writing. Most people, even smart, will not feel the need to use too long and zazable words in random or friendly conversations.

People who pretend smart, tend to rushing them where they are not needed. This may be a single event or too often repeated. Follow unnecessary long words. Some individuals may seem smart, but it can be a simple trick.

Conclusion

Intellect is always a welcome feature, so there are many reasons to pretend that you are smarter than it really is. So to speak, an artificial increase in your intelligence can help with interviews and in formal situations. But if someone is constantly pretending, it will be tedious to others. I would like to hope that now you can distinguish a smart person from the pretender.

Surely, each at least once in his life got into a situation where an irresistible desire appeared to impress the surrounding, shining with its abilities and achievements. For these purposes, people use different methods. Someone praises his appearance, someone demonstrates their seamless, someone openly admires its high level of intelligence.

Fig. Why many low-income people want to seem rich?

But some individuals try to impress the surrounding, portraying the rich, and they themselves are interrupted from water to bread, not having a penny for the soul. What drives these people than they are guided when such tactics of behavior are followed? What are they hoping for? Experienced psychologists are confident that this method will help to deceive only those who are more stupid and poorer.

How was it before and what is happening now?

Most often, the specified way is trying to achieve respect and cause envy among those who surround young people. Many worthy people, especially the elderly and magic experience, surprised where the previous system of values \u200b\u200bwas becoming. Previously, young people were proud of the presence of a gold medal, admission to the university, although not at high-paying, but prestigious work.

Why do the current values \u200b\u200bbe reduced to ensure that, not, for example, smart, resourceful, competent, cheerful? What makes the parents put such moral and moral values \u200b\u200bto their children? Surely, the process of moral transformation of society has a deep political attack. But we will not affect politics, we will dwell on the psychological aspect of this problem.

Purpose or illusion?

Always proud exclusively with your knowledge, abilities and talents, what really belongs to you. Be sure that empty chatter will not be able to raise you in the eyes of others, making a respected person and creating an image of a succeeding person. Do not waste your life on empty proveing \u200b\u200bof non-existent things. Do not try to show that you have a thousand in your pocket when there are all ruble!