From dairy ice to the legendary "Leningrad": how to make ice cream

Photo: Biozevtika.ru.

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Why Catherine II had plenty of ice cream instantly, why Napoleon needed a whole apparatus for its preparation, how many types of ice cream exist today and, of course, how the famous "Leningradskoye" produced "St. Petersburg.ru".

Soft cream, gentle cream-brule, appetizing chocolate, invigorating fruit, hearty nut - we all love ice cream. And his eating in reasonable quantities is very useful - due to the development of the joy of serotonin's joy in the body of the hormone. Ice cream helps to get rid of stress, raises the mood and even improves memory. The most "eaten" dessert on the planet, it turns out, also one of the most ancient: the story of his appearance has more than four thousand years.

Legendary "Leningrad"

The cold processing plant in Leningrad opened in 1934. It was created on the basis of the Chernihiv Refrigerator near the Moscow Gate Metro on Chernigov Street, where since 1913 did dry ice for storing products. The plant began to produce various ice cream varieties - creamy, chocolate, coffee. Here the packaging for him was also released.

In 1935, a new grade appeared - "Eskimo" or "Eskimo-Pai" ("Eskimo Pattake") in the form of a creamy cylinder in chocolate glaze. Later it became rectangular, and the double population called "Leningrad" appeared.

However, the main Leningrad ice cream was considered a sugar tube. This cream ice cream in a wafer horn appeared after the war. He was loved for the incomparable taste of crunchy waffles. It is still considered an exemplary type of cold dessert.

Informal Petersburg: Cafe-ice cream "Snowflake"

True Leningraders remember another kind of ice cream - chocolate oval swamp on a chopstick, in chocolate glaze, sprinkled with nuts and crushed waffles. Unfortunately, it left only memories of the already taste, quickly disappearing from the sale.

Petersburg as the capital of the "best ice cream world" has been spending the real holiday of ice cream for more than 20 years.

"In St. Petersburg, they always loved, love and love our ice cream, because it is unique, it is famous. Many different varieties were here and invented, developed: and wafer ice cream, and sugar tubes, "said the governor of Georgy Poltavchenko at the festival last year.

According to statistics, in this holiday, the Petersburgers and the guests of the city will eat over 40 tons of frozen dessert - and it is almost a kilogram for each visitor. "We are the Northern Country, the Northern Capital and, of course, we have the ice cream - this is the most favorite product," the Chairman of the Casual Diversity of Vyacheslav Makarov explained a special love for cold delicacy.

Production of cold sweetness

Ice cream that we buy in the store is called tempered. It produces in factories from milk, cream, oil, sugar, flavoring and aromatic substances and food additives. It is spent on its manufacture about 24 hours, in the process of which the future ice cream first - which is surprising - heats up, and then cooled.

The process begins with the receipt of raw materials. Main raw materials - sugar, butter, dry whole and skimmed milk. Aromatic additives for ice cream - vanillin or vanilla, cream-crelation syrup, cocoa powder, natural coffee, etc. Mixtures for ice cream are prepared according to recipes. Pre-verified in the laboratory raw materials is placed in a cooking plant, which is mixed with water and additives, which determine the future taste of the dessert.

Dessert for long days

Dessert, remotely resembling ice cream, also knows the Ancient Chinese history: for two thousand years BC, a delicacy containing snow and ice mixed with exotic fruits was applied to the table. And his recipes became known to the public in the XI century BC, from the Chinese songs of the songs.

The ancient Greeks also loved to pamper themselves with cooled disorders: drinks and dairy products. Berries and fruits in the snow were presented by Alexander at the Macedonian. But the Greenland and North Canadian peoples are Eskimos, preferred some "Akutuk" - a dish of berries, meat or fish with fat.

The type of ice cream familiar to us is reflected in the V century BC: Faluda dish was frozen with pink water, Lyme juice and pistachios ordinary food starch.

⇒ In America, the "chewing" ice cream appeared so long ago - "Chewy", which literally stretches pleasure. Unusual ice cream really need to chew.

Italians got acquainted with ice cream thanks to Marco Polo in the XIII century. He brought a recipe for another non-stranger to Europeans from China, in the creation of which not only snow and ice, but also Selitra participated. The form with the contents was placed in water, then salt was dissolved in water. After that, the inner and outerforms began to rotate without the formation of crystals.

Photo: Classpic.ru.

In the Middle Ages to get a personal ice cream for nobility was equivalent to have a hairdresser or dressmaker. Future Queen of France Catherine Medici brought a chef to her wedding, who owned the skill of cooking dessert. Her husband Heinrich II allocated a life-lifelong pension to the cook, putting a condition before him - the ice cream should not disclose the secret of the preparation of dessert to anyone.

In 1649, the first vanilla ice cream appeared in France. Among the famous fans of sweet cold lovers was the famous Gourmet Louis XIV. He loved ice cream and Napoleon Bonaparte. Being in the exile on the island of St. Helena, he discharged his apparatus for its manufacture from England.

During the reign of Napoleon III in France, the first creamy ice cream was invented. His recipe was invented in the city of Plobier, so this ice cream variety was called "Flome".

⇒ In the Middle Kingdom, a delicacy that does not melt even on the hottest summer day. Chinese lollipop can be found in any store across the country. And despite the name "Banana", his taste can be absolutely anyone. It is based on a simple vanilla ice cream, covered with a yellow gelatin, with a secret unclean ingredient.

Initially, ice cream was served in savors, and sold the gazes. Only by the end of the XIX century, cardboard and paper cups appeared for packaging. On an industrial scale, ice cream began to create in the USA in 1851.

From Russia with child

Even in ancient Russia, there was a refreshing summer dessert: frozen milk with honey split into small pieces, and then rested. And the ice cream usual to us appeared in Russia only in the middle of the XVIII century. Even Empress Catherine II could not resist him. To her table, the masters of the case were offered whole ancient temples from vanilla ice cream and marzipan mastic.

Photo: Country.ru.

Mikhail Lermontov consumed ice cream daily. This dessert as a hero is found in his poems. But Count Julius Litt at a suicide apparent demanded a dozen servings of this delicacy. Having eaten all the portions, the count whispered the last words: "Salvator distinguished himself on the glory for the last time." It was about the confectionery-Italian Salvatore known then in St. Petersburg.

While in the rest of the world, ice cream began to produce at the factories, in Russia only homemade cars appeared for its preparation. The factory production originated only at the beginning of the 30s of the twentieth century. This was preceded by a "travel" in America for new food technologies of the People's Commissar of Food Anastas Mikoyan.

⇒ The largest amount of ice cream varieties - 709 - offers its visitors Venezuelan ice cream Coromoto. It has original recipes - a waffle tube with a tuna, ice cream with onions, pork crackling, beer, carrots, tomatoes, beans, trout, shrimps and squid, beer, garlic, pink petals.

From that moment on, the history of the legendary Soviet ice cream began. Release of sweet cold Rights rapidly: By 1938, the issue was already 50 thousand tons per year. They produced seals, cakes, sandwiches, sorbet, but the most massive variety was, of course, a popus. Soviet eskimo did in the capital manual in the manual dosage machine. The process automated only ten years later.

Photo: CloudStatic.eva.ru, 4Tololo.ru, Russian7.ru, NNM.ME

To the third five-year plan, the production of ice cream only grew. The People's Commissariat of Meat and Dairy Industry of the USSR planned the construction of ten large and 40 small ice cream factories in the country. Everything, without exception, remembers the scene from the movie School "Diamond Hand", when the hero of Anatoly Papanova gives a parting to his accomplice: "Children - ice cream, Baba - Flowers!" The disappearance of the eating ice cream has reached an incredible scale: campaign posters, children's books, films - in the content of the scenes appeared with ice cream, which eats and humble thimurovets, and with him ignoring hooligan.