The GeoKniga resource has a map section. Geological maps of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, part of Poland. Sufficiently detailed geological maps of Bulgaria and Romania, the Central Asian states.
I will describe the work with the resource on the example of the Moscow region. If anyone has any questions please write. Sometimes I do not have time to respond to letters from readers.
Opening the resource geokniga.org/maps

On the left there is a scale with "+" and "-" to zoom in and out of the map. Press the plus sign and correct the map with a pen. In my example, this is the Moscow region. We choose a map with the Varavinsky ravine, a walk in which we described earlier.

Click on the square or the alphanumeric designation of the map. We are waiting for the download. After loading, a list of available geological maps of the area appears below.

Together with maps of scale 1:200,000, maps of scale 1:1,000,000 are included in the list.

Under each card there is the word "Download" and just below "View the list of available files". Let's look at this list.

In addition to the map, there is also an explanatory note in it. We download the same explanatory note and read it looking at the map.
Sometimes I ask the question - "Are there more recent geological maps? Otherwise, these are old ones." The age of these geological maps, when compared with human life, is quite retirement age. But if we remember that the last glacier retreated 10,000 years ago and the pebbles laid in those days still lie, then fifty years is an age of nothing. And if we talk about the deposits of the Cretaceous period in the Varavinsky ravine, then this is more than 60 million years. As it lay down in those days, so everything lies.

Today we will look at old abandoned gold mines and gold mining sites in Moldova and Bessarabia. We will also find out where you can find and mine gold in Moldova. Consider old maps and schemes of gold deposits in Moldova

The German company Gabri Resour decided to mine gold 50 km from Chisinau. In accordance with the text of the agreement, the German company will transfer to the Moldovan government only six percent of the profits. It is supposed to open-pit gold and silver mining for 16 years, and with the use of cyanide to clean gold from impurities. The field is estimated at 6 billion euros. However, the government itself is more likely to get a headache than money. After 16 years of mining, 259 million tons of cyanide-containing waste will be collected in a special sump.

The same is true with the extraction of gold ore near Rybnitsa. The American company Chevron has been issued a permit to explore the country's mineral resources. Here are just the conditions in this case are classified. In general, the country's gold mining market and the firms operating on it are a secret with seven seals. In 2004, the state-owned gold mining company Petro was privatized. In Chisinau today, the liberals were tearing their throats, talking about the fact that the state cannot effectively manage property.

But the Moldavian company was bought by the Austrian OMV, which actually belongs to the Austrian government. Traditionally, part of the terms of the contract is classified and ten years later remains unknown to the general public. The authorities are afraid of publicity - the people can rebel. Something similar is happening all over Moldova. Following the combination with BEM and the International Airport, Moldtelecom is going to be privatized.

From the history of gold mining in Moldova. In 1827-1830. gold placer deposits were found and developed near the village of Ryshkany. In 1829, a company of Ryazanovs, Kazantsev and Balandin discovered an unusually productive placer of gold near the town of Shepteban. In 1838, deposits were discovered on the Keinar River. Then the search moved to the Prut River, where fabulously rich placers were soon discovered. Their development was accompanied by an influx of prospectors from all over Moldova, reminiscent of a gold rush. In 1847 alone, about 4 tons of gold were mined here!

The search in the vicinity of Chokylten was crowned with success: in 1843, gold was found there. All over Moldova, mines grew like mushrooms. Was not forgotten and the old area of ​​gold mining - near the village. Drochia. The calculation to find placers here justified itself: in the vicinity of the mines of Drochia in 1845, 40 kg of gold was mined. In 1853, the famous Meshensky placer was explored, thanks to which the amount of extracted gold increased several times, reaching 0.8 thousand kilograms.

Gold diggers quickly moved to the east across Moldova. In 1846, the first gold mines appeared on the border with modern Ukraine. In 1863, applications were made for mines along the Reut and Byk rivers. It was then that the miners' winter hut arose, which laid the foundation for the city of Bukovets, the famous center of the gold industry in Moldova.

Many placers in the Prut River basin are located under sediment at a considerable depth - up to 60 m, and only large companies can develop them. Lone prospectors went bankrupt and sold their mines, wandering along the tributaries in search of "lighter" gold. Thanks to them, rich deposits were found in the valleys of the rivers Botna and Yalpug.

Later, active development of gold began in the Budzhyakuluy steppes. But here the scouts encountered great difficulties: a very harsh climate, hot summers, a complete lack of roads and an impenetrable steppe. In addition, the pioneers used primitive technology. Kylo, ​​a shovel, a wheelbarrow and locks with a grate were indispensable, but inefficient tools for gold miners of that time. At first, while large deposits were being worked out, artels mined 15 or more kilograms per year. But the rich placers were quickly depleted, and the miners had neither the equipment nor the money to develop deep deposits.

In the 60s. 19th century Dutch gold diggers reached the Black Sea coast - the search for placers covered the whole of Moldova, where they discovered sea placers.

In total, over the period from 1752 to 1917, more than 22 tons of gold were mined on the territory of modern Moldova, which accounted for 0.5% of the total world production for this period, and in the middle of the 19th century. ranked fifth in Europe. However, after the discovery of giant deposits in California, Australia and South Africa, the share of Moldova decreased in 1840 to 0.03% at the beginning of the 20th century.

In the XIX century in Moldova, although being part of other states, its own gold mining industry was created. Hundreds of European mining engineers, mechanics and craftsmen miners worked on the development of fundamentally new technologies.

In terms of the level of technical equipment, the gold mining industry of the then Moldova was not inferior and even surpassed the American, and even more so the Australian and South African. At the Moldavian mines, diamond drills were used, at the mines - a system of heat treatment of ore and winter washing of gold. Hydroelectric power stations were operating, the energy of which was used not only for production, but also for domestic needs. In 1910 11 dredges were installed at the Moldavian mines, the most advanced for their time. Annual production by 1914 exceeded 10 tons and amounted to almost 0.2% of the world.

In 1896, the Moldavian gold mining partnership was created. Under a contract dated January 4, 1909, the English company "Gold Fields" acquired 67,319 shares of "Prut-gold" (1/6 of the annual production in Moldova). About 20% of annual income went into the pockets of the British. Working and living conditions were so difficult that in 1912 unrest broke out at the mines, which escalated into a strike that lasted more than two months. As a result, the owners lost about £6 million in profits, although meeting the demands of the workers would have cost them only £1 million.

The owners of "Prut-gold" decided to cover their losses by playing on the stock exchange. When small shareholders, having heard about the Moldovan events, began to sell shares at low prices, the company bought them up. After the resumption of work at the mines, the stock price climbed up again. As a result, "Gold Fields" not only fully recovered the losses, but also turned out to be profitable.

The gold of Moldova attracted close attention of foreigners. Many expeditions from England, Germany, Belgium conducted geological exploration in the central part of the country. In just one day - April 7, 1907 - five foreign field detachments passed through Moldova. The Americans were eyeing the famous mines of Moldova. In 1913-1914. hundreds of German buyers appeared to the east of Minjir. With significant loans from German banks, they penetrated into the very hinterland and purchased gold directly from the mines.

A serious problem for the gold mining industry in Moldova was the labor force. In Moldova, for example, local residents were forbidden to engage in mining, so that they would not be distracted from agriculture. This forced the owners of enterprises to hire Ukrainians, who came to Moldova in teams of 100-150 people. With their help and with some support from foreign capital, an underground network for pumping gold abroad arose.

The gold miner actually gave the mine at the mercy of the Ukrainian artel, received a predetermined part of the mined metal, and turned a blind eye to the rest. Gold went through Ukraine to Turkey, where it was refined and sent in ingots to the USA, Great Britain and other European countries. Only from the mines of the river. The rod out of every 3 tons of gold mined, 2 tons was illegally exported abroad.

Most of the previously explored gold deposits in Moldova, especially in the pre-revolutionary period, are currently abandoned and have not been developed for a long time, but in vain. In fact, their potential is far from exhausted.

In those distant times, however, compared with modern methods, the technique of gold mining in Europe and in particular in Moldova was primitive and more than 50% of gold remained in dumps or simply was not found. If today you go through the old Bessarabian mine even with an ordinary metal detector, then on the first day you can collect a decent gold "harvest"

You just need to know where such an abandoned mine or gold deposit is located. Old pre-revolutionary maps of gold deposits in Moldova, detailed geological and topographic maps of exploration of gold ores, veins and placers can help with this. As a rule, such cards are not freely available. They can be found in regional archives or major libraries.

Russia is a country extremely rich in loose gold. And to feel the spirit of a real gold rush, it is not necessary to go to Kolyma. You can try yourself as a prospector and closer to home - after all, even in the rivers of the Moscow region you can find gold, if you try. But whether it will pay off your efforts is unknown.

It is much better to start making a living by searching for deposits that have already been worked out in an industrial way. Even after the closure of the mines, a lot of gold remains in small areas that are not of interest to industrialists. There are a lot of such places in Russia, so grab a prospector's tray and a metal detector - and go on a treasure hunt. Just get a private miner's license first, in Russia they take this very seriously.

(Total 10 photos)

1. Sanarka River

In the XIX century, Sanarka was known to the whole world as the richest deposit of precious stones and minerals, with the light hand of Academician Koksharov called Russian Brazil. In places, the river soil is gold-bearing. The now abandoned Andreevsky mine reminds us that once there was much more gold here.

2. Lena river basin

The Lensky gold-bearing region is one of the richest in Russia. For more than 150 years of mining, about 1.5 thousand tons of precious ore have been mined here. But there is still a lot of gold left in the developed deposits, which is not subject to industrial production.

3. River Bodaibo

This gold-bearing river is located in the central part of the Patom Highlands. Alluvial gold in the placers of the Bodaibo basin is predominantly coarse: gold particles from 2 to 4 mm predominate. Grains larger than 8 mm are often found. There are nuggets - the largest of them were found in the placer of the upper reaches of the Bodaibo River.

4. Big Chanchik River

About ten years ago, the channel of Bolshoy Chanchik was worked out with the help of a scoop dredge. But according to geological data, large gold remains on Chanchik and there are nuggets weighing several kilograms, which can be found with the help of a good old metal detector.

5. River Bom

The boom is gold-bearing throughout its entire length. Gold in placers is large, nuggets weighing 10-30 grams are often found, less often up to 400 grams. In places, gold lies directly in the channel in crevices between shale rocks. Sometimes in such "nests" a very large amount of gold accumulates - up to one and a half kilograms.

6. Alekseevsky Creek

The gold here is large (nuggets weighing up to 1 kg), well-rounded, often fused with pieces of quartz. The largest nuggets are found at the top of the stream, under large boulders. A team of 2-3 people can easily mine more than 300 grams of gold here.

7. Jalon Creek

The most profitable mine in the Dambuka gold-bearing region. The first samples showed up to 2.5 kg of gold per ton of sand. When the rich parts of the gold-bearing layer were being developed here, its surface, after the rains that washed away the sand, shone with nuggets easily visible to the naked eye.

8. Talga River

The gold content of the Talga River basin has been known since 1893. Placers were mined mainly by pit miners. And for half a century (from 1893 to 1949), the actual production amounted to at least 2800 kg. Palm-sized nuggets can be found here to this day.

9. Stream Millionny

A rich placer was found here by accident: in 1896, a pack horse belonging to a group of alcohol-carriers (smugglers who delivered alcohol to the mines in exchange for gold) fell into a ravine. When they began to pull it out, nuggets were found at the bottom of the stream. The placer turned out to be very rich - more than 640 kg of large gold were mined in a month. When the government found out about the illegal mine, the black miners were dispersed, but since then it has not been possible to find the source of the nuggets.

10. Unaha River

The largest tributary Bryant. Unaha is a typical mountain river with a winding course and a fast current. Where its rocky bottom comes to the surface, in the crevices of the rock there are whole placers of precious metal. Gold was mined by prospectors with trays and scooped from ferries with ladles. Modern miners go here with metal detectors.

Not only legends, but also historical facts claim that in the old days, gold mining was quite actively carried out in the Moscow region: maps of deposits that have survived since then in various versions still attract darlings of luck and gambling adventurers.

The gold rush at different times in turn covered the vast Russian expanses. Gold panning began in a variety of regions, and often such enterprises achieved very significant success. And this is not surprising, because the Russian subsoil contains almost the entire periodic table, including precious metals. From time immemorial, prospectors in Rus' washed gold, which was more than enough for jewelry for royal families, for precious church utensils and salaries for icons, for minting coins, and even for trade with close and distant neighbors.

Today, there are several hundred large and small deposits of this noble metal in the country. For many years, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Chukotka, Yakutia and the Magadan Region have held the palm for its production.

Statistics do not mention information about the extraction of precious metals in the middle zone of the country, and therefore not every resident of the regions adjacent to the capital knows that gold mining is possible in the Moscow region. Until now, enterprises that actively mined alluvial gold in Soviet times have been preserved in mothballed form, giving out up to 4 tons of precious metal per year.

Many of the deposits near Moscow are highly profitable in terms of gold mining, since they contain over 17 milligrams of gold per ton of processed rock. For comparison, we can say that in world practice a deposit is considered as promising if the gold reserves in it are 10 milligrams per ton of rock.

From ancient times to the present, you can most often find gold in the rivers of the Moscow region. If you believe the preserved maps, which indicate the most promising places for miners, their main share falls on the northern part of the Moscow region.

For example, in the area of ​​the village of Iksha, a network of small rivers, originating on the tops of the Klin-Dmitrov ridge, erodes the layers of glaciers with their flow. In the thickness of these ice masses formed over the centuries, a lot of precious metal has been accumulated, which enriches the river sand.

And today, one of these small rivers in the Iksha region tirelessly pleases fans of the gold rush with the alluring brilliance of precious grains. The old-timers of these places tell the prospectors a legend, according to which one of the rivers once turned into a real golden stream, from which the miners washed not fine golden sand, but relatively large precious nuggets.

Legends are legends, but small grains of yellow metal, which are called “signs” in the language of prospectors, are found in rivers near Iksha even today.

Cartography to the rescue

Persistent rumors that there is gold in the Moscow region and that it is not so difficult to find it have received unexpected confirmation from cartographers. Not so long ago, a modern map of attractions located on the territory of the Moscow Region was published. The attentive eyes of the catchers of fortune saw on it the symbol Au between two villages in the Dmitrovsky district.

One of them is Protasovo, and the second is Ignatovo. Any high school student knows that a similar sign denotes an element of the chemical periodic table, which has atomic number 79 and is a noble metal, or, more simply, gold.

For gold mining in the Moscow region, a map showing deposits where there is at least some significant amount of gold sand is simply necessary for the prospector. It helps to weed out rumors and legends that have no basis, and direct your energy to the search for really promising places for the extraction of the precious metal.

A bit of history

Gold from the Moscow region has been mentioned in historical references since the beginning of the 19th century. The soldiers of Napoleon's army, having occupied Moscow, first of all began to ask the locals where the unusual “golden” river was located, in which, instead of fish, gold nuggets were waiting for their catchers.

After the expulsion of Napoleon and the end of hostilities, envoys from the Russian imperial court came to Moscow. The purpose of their arrival in Moscow was the same as that of the French: to learn about the large gold deposits near Moscow. However, the inhabitants of the Moscow province did not give away their secret, and the royal envoys returned to the court with nothing.

Another surge of the "gold rush" occurred on the lands near Moscow before the October Revolution. The reason for it was a case that helped a peasant from the Dmitrovsky district to find two fairly large nuggets on the banks of a small unnamed river. A successful plowman resold the find to a merchant in the capital. Shortly thereafter, “top secret” maps with the designation of a gold-bearing place began to circulate around Moscow.

In response, many residents of Moscow succumbed to excitement and decided to try their luck with a miner's tray in their hands. Even the famous master of reporter Vladimir Gilyarovsky succumbed to the general excitement, together with everyone else he went to catch his luck. Moscow guidebooks responded to the increased demand and began to publish data that there really are gold deposits near the village of Iksha, and you can find them in:

• gold placers;
• alluvial boulders of glacial origin.

The baton of general excitement was picked up by local newspapers, which began to publish articles with enticing, provocative headlines:

• "Klondike near Moscow";
• "Russian California";
• "Golden River"

The successful businessman Ponomarev did not lose his head at the right moment. On the wave of mass interest, he created a joint-stock company with the aim of organizing gold mining on an industrial scale. Very respectable people of that time became members of the society. However, their hopes for quick enrichment did not come true.

The gold rush died down as suddenly as it had flared up. And the reason for this was not at all the absence of the sought-after gold in the rivers near Moscow.

Industrialists did not have the technology to make metal mining economically interesting. At that time, it simply did not exist.

Golden riverbeds

Employees of the Central Research Geological Prospecting Institute of Non-Ferrous and Precious Metals (TsNIGRI) told Rossiyskaya Gazeta journalists that not only the rivers near Iksha are of interest to miners. There is a noble metal in the channels of the Sestra and Volgusha rivers near Moscow.

To prove their words, they organized a real prospecting expedition for the workers of the pen, leading them to the banks of the Sestra. Journalists had to pick up trays and plunge into work. Their efforts were not in vain. In a few hours of hard work, they lathered 5 milligrams of pure golden sand.

When viewed under a microscope, this catch looks very impressive. All grains of sand have a smooth, water-polished surface, and a bright alluring shine. Unfortunately, it was difficult to see microscopic nuggets with the naked eye. But the fact that a certain number of gold signs were found in a short time suggests that this metal is still present in the rivers of the Moscow region.

And not only the northern region of the region can boast of having gold. There is evidence that in the mid-70s, one of the students of the Moscow Geological Prospecting Institute managed to wash gold grains in streams in the Podolsk region. As proof of the veracity of his words, he willingly showed his prey to his classmates.

And the impossible is possible

Experts say that gold deposits should be sought in layers of igneous rocks, which include granites and quartzes, or in the vicinity of metamorphic rocks transformed under the influence of high pressures and significant temperatures.

Moscow region gold is an exception to the rule. The fact is that the territory of the Moscow region for the most part consists of sedimentary rocks. How, in this case, can one explain the presence of gold in the land near Moscow?

Scientists have found strong arguments to explain this phenomenon. According to the presented hypothesis, the reason for the appearance of gold in the Moscow region was a giant glacier, which several millennia ago slid down from the Scandinavian mountains to the Central Russian Upland. During the journey, he accumulated boulders, stones and fragments of various rocks in the ice mass.

As the centuries passed, the climate changed, and the glacial tongue began to gradually melt. In places where rapids formed, a natural enrichment process began to take place, as a result of which heavier minerals settled to the bottom of the glacier, thereby forming mineral deposits. Gold did not escape this fate.

Why mine in the Moscow region

Despite the fact that gold has been mined in the Moscow region for a long time, its reserves are estimated by experts as insignificant from the point of view of industrial interest. In this case, who and why is developing these unpromising fields? Scientists know the answer to this question too.

The gold of the Moscow region is of interest because it belongs to the loose type, which makes it possible to organize a rather easy process of its extraction. According to experts, such loose gold in Russia will be enough only for the next decades.

Reserves of gold, which occurs together with bedrock, can be mined for more than a century. The problem is that the development of primary deposits requires significant financial investments from gold miners to create:

• complex and expensive infrastructure, including the development of mines and quarries, as well as the construction of processing plants;
• transport and logistics network designed to serve the enterprise, since most of them are located far from housing.

Alluvial gold from loose rocks or alluvial deposits that form on river banks cannot boast of significant reserves, but in terms of extraction it is much cheaper for prospectors. There is another factor that allows gold deposits near Moscow to become profitable.

In the central regions of the country, including the Moscow region, the main reserves of gold are found in sand, which is actively used in the construction industry. Taking into account this factor, the specialists offered the gold miners a technology that allows for the concomitant extraction of the metal. This method makes gold mining economically interesting.

Private mining

The low profitability of gold mining does not frighten the inhabitants of the Moscow region, who in the summer turn into numerous private prospectors, recklessly spending time on the banks of large and small rivers.

For their purposes, they use a simple, but time-tested and reliable mining technology. Most prospectors need only a few items to work:

• tray;
• shovel;
• bucket;
• scoop.

The main difficulty is the main question: where to dig? Some prospectors dig river sediments, while others go to quarries where sand and gravel are mined. After the place is determined, you can get to work.

Here, another difficulty awaits the lover of precious metals. The prospector will have to patiently and carefully carry out the same constantly repeating movements for a long time. In general, the proverb fits prospectors like no other profession: “Perseverance and work will grind everything.”

Mastery Secrets

Since gold is heavier than sand, it always settles to the bottom of the sand mixture. The main task of the miner is to wash the soil sample in such a way that the gold does not inadvertently wash off. After thorough washing of the sand, a dark-colored concentrate is formed, containing fragments of heavy minerals, among which golden grains are hidden. To examine the concentrate carefully in a calm environment, it can be drained into a jar or a special bag and hermetically sealed.

Fine-tuning this material to the desired result can be done at home using an ordinary dust scoop. First you need to go over its inner surface with sandpaper to get rid of the gloss, and make the scoop less smooth.

Experienced miners warn beginners not to let the concentrate dry out. Since the dried grains of gold will become buoyant and can be washed off with water during the first washing of the concentrate.

There is also a secret at the prospector's tray. It must be made from a single piece of wood. And not every tree is suitable for this purpose. The highest quality trays are obtained from linden and cedar. Experts tried to make a tray from modern materials: fiberglass or plastic. But such products could not compete with the traditional wooden tray. Only wood allows the tray to float and has a surface rough enough to trap gold particles.

Miners use a magnet to separate the gold from the dry rock, since the minerals that accompany gold contain a lot of iron. But even here there is a secret. Before using the magnet, it must be placed in a plastic bag or plastic container. In this case, adhering particles of ferruginous quartzites or garnets can be easily separated from the magnet by removing the bag. If you do not take this advice, it can be very problematic to separate the particles adhering to the magnet.

In some cases, the catch can only be detected using a microscope. It can be difficult to see signs, as experts call small gold grains, without the help of equipment.

"Gold Rush" does not let go of adventurers at the present time. Many people dream of becoming a happy owner of a gold nugget, but not everyone knows where to look for a suitable deposit. And, of course, many will be surprised by the information that gold can be mined in the Moscow region, using sand pits or riverbeds for this purpose.

To become a prospector, you do not need to purchase expensive equipment. A shovel and a tray will help to take soil samples and wash the sand. And the direction of the search will be prompted by maps on which deposits of the precious metal are marked with the sign Au. But not only maps can become guides for modern gold miners. Going on a journey, you should study local legends and tales. Often it is they who indicate traditionally gold-rich places.

The development and extraction of natural resources plays an important role in the economy of each country. One of the priority areas is gold mining, because this metal has always been a measure of the wealth and stability of the state. The gold mines of Russia are beneficial for the enrichment of the state and serve as a place of work for many citizens of the Russian Federation.

Many centuries ago, our ancestors drew attention to the properties of gold, which served as an impetus for the start of mining this metal. Over time, technology has improved, and today gold mining is one of the most profitable and developed industries. A gold mine is an enterprise that develops deposits of gold-bearing raw materials. Russia has huge reserves of gold and ranks fourth among all countries in the world in this indicator. A feature of the mines in Russia is their large size, which makes mining more productive and economically profitable.

Gold mining provinces of Russia

History of development of gold deposits in Russia

Probably everyone has heard about the great gold rush in the middle of the XIX century in California, Klondike or Alaska. But few people know that in Russia at about the same time, thousands of people lived a dream of fabulous wealth, thinking about where to look for gold. After the adoption by the Senate of a decree that allowed private individuals to freely engage in gold mining, people poured en masse into the sparsely populated areas of the Urals in the hope of finding a gold mine. I must say that often such activities brought the expected results. Settlements began to be built around the deposits, trade developed, researchers gathered to expand the mines. In general, it was the Siberian gold rush that contributed to the flourishing of the region and helped it become one of the centers of the country's industry.

Geography of gold mines

Most of the deposits are located in the Far East, in the Amur, Magadan regions, Khabarovsk and Krasnoyarsk regions. Gold is also sought in Russia on the slopes of the Urals, which has a strategic advantage in terms of geographical proximity to Europe, developed infrastructure and transport system. It was here that gold mining began back in 1745, which makes the Ural mines the oldest in Russia. If we evaluate the gold deposits in the country in terms of resource potential, then they can be grouped into gold-bearing provinces. List of the most promising regions:

1. Baikal-Vitim province (1700 tons).
2. Verkhoyansk-Kolyma province (780 tons).
3. Altai-Sayan province (750 tons).
4. Koryak-Kamchatka-Kuril province (500 tons).

The value of gold mines.

The gold mining industry makes an important contribution to the wealth of the country. Gold is a commodity whose price hardly changes due to inflation or market volatility. That is why states are trying to provide themselves with a sufficient amount of precious metal, which is stored in the country's gold and foreign exchange reserves. Therefore, a constant level of gold production makes the Russian economy more resistant to market events. Do not forget that the gold mine generates vacancies for workers of various specializations and levels of education. At the same time, it must be remembered that, according to researchers, the explored reserves of gold, at current production rates, will last only for several decades, therefore, it is necessary to develop other sectors of the extractive industry.