With bright eyes, and it will not be the neighbor's fault at all, but the recessive gene. Brown-eyedness is a dominant trait that blocks the action of a recessive gene, but it does not go away. If both mom and dad have recessive genes responsible for light eyes, then at the time of conception they can meet, and the baby will be blue-eyed. Of course, the probability of this is low, only 25%. In all other cases, the couple will have a brown-eyed child. Study the eye color of your parents, grandparents, uncles and aunts. If some of them have light eyes, then there is a chance that their parents also have this gene.

The same is true for hair. Dark and curly hair dominates straight and light hair, so the likelihood of a curly dark-haired child in a blonde mom and brunette dad is much higher than the appearance of a blonde baby.

The weight of a child is only 40% determined by heredity, and 60% by lifestyle and environmental factors. Therefore, parents who are prone to fullness should not worry about their child, but it is worth teaching him from childhood to lead an active lifestyle and eat healthy food.

The growth of the child depends on the growth of his parents. As a rule, children of tall couples grow tall, and those of people below average height grow short. Of course, the growth of the baby is also influenced by the environment and good nutrition.

Not always genetics can predict the appearance of a child. Sometimes nature plays tricks, and a red-haired baby may appear in several generations of fair-haired parents. No one is immune from genetic mutations, and an unusual hair or eye color is the most harmless of them.

Sources:

• how do i know what i look like

Before every couple, sooner or later, the question arises: can they become parents? Of course, if the reproductive function of both partners is in order, then the probability of having children is very high. However, the problem is much more complex. The health of the unborn child is affected by the state of health of the parents before conception. In most developed countries, a medical examination is carried out before marriage. There is no such thing in our country. Therefore, after several joint years of life, it turns out that someone in a couple cannot have children. Or someone has a serious hereditary disease with a high risk of passing it on to offspring. Of course, you can happily live in a marriage without children or with a foster child. But it is better to know about this in advance and consciously decide on such a marriage.

You will need

• Get examined by doctors.

Instruction

If one of the parents uses or drugs, then the likelihood of having children decreases. Even if pregnancy has occurred, then the child with abnormalities is great.

Alcohol has a toxic effect on the egg and its vital activity even before, which inevitably affects the development of the embryo. If a woman constantly consumes alcohol during pregnancy, fetal alcohol syndrome may occur. Some men who regularly drink alcohol are unable to conceive.

Narcotic substances adversely affect the sperm and egg. If someone in the family takes drugs and pregnancy occurs, the child may develop severe malformations.

Another factor preventing conception is smoking. In women, smoking causes menstrual irregularities, reducing the chance of getting pregnant. By causing vasoconstriction, nicotine adversely affects the intrauterine development of the fetus. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of fetal death.

Another cause of infertility is menstrual irregularity. If menstruation does not occur before the age of 16, this indicates a pathology of the reproductive function. The absence of menstruation for more than 6 months is called amenorrhea.

The causes of menstrual irregularities are different. These are infections, diseases of the internal and genital organs, abortions, stress, malnutrition, overwork.

It is important to identify the cause in time and start treatment.

The causes of infertility is a violation of the position of the female genital organs. If a woman has a large amount of male hormones, then it will not be possible to get pregnant. Need to be treated.

Thus, 75% of women have some kind of disease and have children. But the risk of pathological pregnancy increases dramatically. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to prepare for it in advance. Cure chronic diseases, if possible, eliminate foci of infection. To refuse from bad habits. It happens that a woman who smokes gives birth to a healthy child, but there is no guarantee that you will be included in this list.

note

Often, predictions about infertility are erroneous. And after 10 years of marriage, you can give birth to your first child. The main thing is to have hope. The appearance of the baby also depends on the emotional mood of the parents.

Useful advice

Get tested with your future spouse before marriage. If it turns out that someone is infertile, you can decide in advance for yourself whether you need such a marriage. Having decided to start a family with such a partner, it will be easier for you to predict your future life. After all, someone else's child can become family.

Sources:

• for those who want to know how many children you will have and what gender))))

Even at the stage of pregnancy, many parents like to imagine the future of their baby. What appearance will he have, what character, will he love the exact sciences, like dad, or the humanities, like mom, who will he be when he grows up. There are several ways to determine the future profession of the baby.

Will the daughter get her father's rare hair? To get answers to these questions, you can go to the soothsayer Baba Inge or peer into the coffee grounds. However, instead of engaging in shamanism, it is better to remember the school biology course.

While you were exchanging notes with your best friend or counting crows while looking out the window, the teacher patiently explained to you and your classmates what happens when female and male sex cells unite. In the process of merging, a new life appears, which receives part of the paternal and maternal genes that carry a huge amount of information: they are responsible for the appearance, health, mental abilities of the unborn child. Despite the fact that the baby receives all the signs from mom and dad, he is born a completely unique personality, whose exact portrait cannot be drawn by any scientist in the world: no one knows for sure how the genes will intertwine in a bizarre way. However, there are a number of features that can be predicted with a certain degree of probability: for example, what will be the color of the child's eyes, shade of hair, height, etc.

Exact copy?

Surely you have heard the popular belief more than once that girls are born like dads, and boys, on the contrary, become copies of their mothers. This theory is only partly true: it is believed that the genes responsible for the shape of the face, the shape of the cheekbones and eyebrows, smile, etc., for the most part, live on the X chromosome. At the same time, the boys receive it from their mother, and from their father they get the U sex chromosome, which is rather poor in external signs. Therefore, peanuts are really more often obtained by "mother's sons." As for girls, they inherit two X chromosomes from both parents at the same time. So it’s impossible to say who the little princess will look like: she has an equal chance of getting both mom’s and dad’s face.

Pansies

In moments of the highest tenderness, the husband whispers with rapture in your ear: "Our daughter will have your blue eyes, like the spring sky." If at the same time your spouse has brown eyes, you will have to upset him: the probability of having a light-eyed baby is negligible. The fact is that genes are recessive or dominant. In this case, the dark color of the iris is strong, and blue, however, like gray and green, is weak, which surrenders under the powerful pressure of the first. Your chances of producing a blue-eyed girl are 25%, black-eyed beauty - 75%. But if your husband, like you, has a blue iris, you will never have a child with dark eyes. But two brown-eyed parents can expect a surprise: there is a 25% chance that the baby will hit mom and dad with an unexpected blue eye color.

Curly Sue

Light hair color, like blue eyes, is considered a recessive trait. That is why some publications periodically publish articles on the topic that someday there will not be a single blond on planet Earth: they will be absorbed by stronger brunettes. However, the World Health Organization does not get tired of refuting this dubious information: recessive genes do not disappear without a trace, but are passed on from generation to generation to ever appear again. However, this does not mean at all that your wheaten hair color will go to children, it is quite possible that it will appear in grandchildren or great-grandchildren. Here, as in the case of the eyes: a pair of "blonde plus brunette" has only one chance in four to give birth to goldilocks. The same applies to saffron milk caps: chestnut curls, alas, are recessive. But if you are a happy owner of a lush, curly mop of hair, with a high degree of probability you will get a baby whose head will be decorated with charming curls. Because curly curls are dominant, and straight ones are recessive.

Dimples and humps

On the first date with your missus, you were blown away by his noble Roman profile - a hooked nose - and a sexy dimple on his chin. Keep in mind, your future son has every chance of becoming a sultry heartthrob: some scientists believe that the genes responsible for these traits are dominant. Unfortunately, these same experts also consider lop-earedness to be a very strong trait that is inherited. So, if someone in your family boasts funny ears, the child will get them as a dowry.

Gulliver and Thumbelina

Some men are crazy about girls of model dimensions with a height of at least 175 cm, others prefer miniature Thumbelinas. Ladies, unfortunately, are more categorical: tall machos are valued in modern society (shorty Tom Cruise is an exception to the rule, after all, a too pretty face compensates for his short stature). Therefore, most likely, you dream of a giant son, whose charms not a single beauty can resist. Alas, predicting the growth of an unborn baby is a very difficult task. After all, it is influenced not only by the parameters of the parents, but also by lifestyle, nutrition, past illnesses. However, there is a high probability that tall moms and dads will have children to match them. However, parents with modest dimensions in the presence of tall grandparents can count on the fact that the child will outgrow them themselves.

By the way, if you have free time and you are ready to do simple calculations, you can try to calculate the growth of your future child using special formulas. A certain Czech researcher V. Karkus is sure that the height of a girl should be calculated according to the following scheme: multiply the parameters of the father by 0.923, add the height of the mother and divide by 2. For the dimensions of the boy, you will need a different formula: add the height of mom and dad, multiply by 1.08 , divide by 2. For example, if your partner is 185 cm and you are 170 cm, then, according to the Karkus formulas, your son will grow to approximately 192 cm, and your daughter will be your height.

mind for mind

You graduated from high school with a gold medal, college with honors, and your husband was saved from the army only by his family's personal acquaintance with the rector of the university. Fortunately, your children most likely will not follow the path of a slob father. According to recent studies, intellectual abilities are more transferred from mom than from dad. However, a brilliant man can also reward his offspring with a remarkable mind, but only if he gives birth to a girl and provides her with his X chromosome. Unfortunately, this does not apply to the game that the boy will receive.

Children to order

Who will be born to you, a boy or a girl, depends on which father's cell merged with mother's to give rise to a new life. One half of the paternal gametes contains the X chromosome, the other half contains the U. The fusion of the first with the mother's egg leads to the birth of a little princess, the second - a tomboy. However, this information became known to people relatively recently. Our ancestors were sure that other factors influence the sex of the child.

China: head north. The ancient Chinese believed that in order for an heir to be born, a woman during lovemaking should lie with her head to the north, to conceive a girl - to the south.

Germany: rain for girls. German great-great-grandmothers were sure that if you make love during the rain, then a girl will certainly be born, and dry weather contributes to the appearance of males.

Greece: love in the heat. The ancient Greek philosopher and physician Empedocles believed that in hot weather there are much more chances to conceive a male baby, and in the cold season, respectively, a female.

Tibet: even-odd. There was a belief in Tibet: if parents dream of an heir, they should conceive him on an even day. Those who dream of a girl should move their lovemaking to the odd one.

People of the future

Since people discovered the science called "genetics", they have been haunted by the thought of what the person of the future will look like. Researchers are divided into two camps: adherents of the first are sure that we will be reborn into gigantic beauties, representatives of the second are prophesying an ugly future for us.

Bold beauties. Medicine will be more and more improved, which means that human life expectancy will increase to 120 years. At the same time, there will be no early aging: at 80 we will look forty. Compared to past centuries, we have already grown significantly, this trend will continue, and the man of the future will eventually begin to look at the world from a height of two meters. Races will disappear: earthlings will all become swarthy and very beautiful. Facial features will be more symmetrical, bodies will be athletic, eyes will be large and clear.

Three-toed goblins. The habit of chewing lighter and lighter food will make a person's face childishly round, and his teeth rare and small. In the process of mutations (for several thousand years people have already lost three-quarters of their sense of smell), our nose will fall off, from which two small holes will remain. To make it easier to press the keys, the fingers will become long and thin. Over time, there will be three of them on each hand. The need to contain a huge amount of information will lead to the fact that the brain will grow to an incredible size, because of which the human head will become large and round. Under the influence of environmental factors, growth will decrease by almost half a meter, muscle mass will decrease, hair will disappear from our bodies, and the skin will coarsen. The abundance of dirt and dust in the air will make a person's eyes slanted and provide them with a protective dark film.

Stars about genes

Olga Budina:

There are children who become copies of their parents. I can’t say the same about my son: he doesn’t look like me like two drops of water. However, it is impossible not to notice some of my features, which were repeated in Naum with amazing accuracy.

Firstly, he has my facial expressions: he smiles, says, frowns, laughs exactly like a mother. Secondly, the son is amazingly musical. Thirdly, at the age of five he is already a perfectionist and very ambitious.

Valeria:

All musicians in my family. Grandparents, although they were not professional artists, played the piano. My children inherited this trait: they have a penchant for music, but I do not see the desire for it in them. Although the eldest son studied piano and clarinet, the daughter plays the piano, the youngest went to a music school at the age of four. The teachers called him gifted and said that he was “their” child and needed to be developed.

Instruction

The sex of the child depends entirely on the father. In this matter, the main role is played by which of the spermatozoa will fertilize the egg. There are as many X chromosomes programming birth as there are Y chromosomes involved in birth. In fact, boys are slightly more than girls, due to their low resistance to disease.

When trying to predict eye color, remember that the gene that is responsible for brown eyes is dominant. If one of the parents has blue eyes and the other has brown eyes, the strong gene will most likely win and the baby will be dark-eyed. However, if this rule did not allow exceptions, the entire population of the planet would long ago become more or less uniform. But nature, having thought through everything in advance to the smallest detail, ordered otherwise. It turns out that the owners of dark eyes sometimes light-eyed children. This is possible if at least one of the relatives (even in the generation before last) was blue-eyed, green-eyed or gray-eyed.

Blond hair is also a recessive trait. When both parents are blonde, the child inherits the same color. If dad or mom passes on the dominant gene for dark hair, the heir will have every chance to adopt it. In principle, it is possible to merge shades of parental hair. As for the structure, the baby is more likely to inherit curls (or wavy hair), of course, if one of the parents has such a characteristic.

Both the dimple on the chin and the prominent auricles of one of the parents are inherited. Scientists have come to the conclusion that a large hooked nose should also be attributed to dominant features.

Most likely, the baby will inherit short fingers, as well as the sixth finger, if one of the parents is endowed with it, of course.

It is difficult to make predictions about the future growth of a child. As a rule, he stops at the arithmetic mean between father's and mother's height. But this is in conditions of proper and nutritious nutrition, and also depending on the past diseases. At the same time, if the baby has an enviable appetite, moves a lot, sleeps at the right time and eats right, he has every chance to outgrow his short parents.

In general, boys are much more like their mothers. This is explained by the fact that they inherit only one single X chromosome, which is rich in appearance genes. In girls, the situation is different: they receive an equal number of similar genes from both mom and dad. Accordingly, a girl can resemble both parents with an equal degree of probability.

Even before the baby is born, future parents like to dream, imagining what the long-awaited baby will be like. They represent the main features of his character. They argue whether he will love the exact sciences, like dad, or grow up as a creative person, like mom. In anticipation of his birth, the family wonders who he will look like? What will be the appearance of the unborn child?

According to genetic scientists, the structure of the face, the appearance of a person is determined by five genes. According to research, in the near future it will be possible to conduct a simple DNA test and find out quite accurately what the unborn child will look like.

The studies were carried out by scientists from different countries, more than 10 thousand people took part in them. By comparing and analyzing the data obtained, scientists have successfully identified DNA variants that are involved in the formation of the face. Now the challenge for researchers is to figure out how these genes work. When this problem is solved, it will be possible to draw up an approximate portrait of a person by DNA.

genetic traits

What hair color will my daughter have if her mother is blonde and her father is brunette? Is it possible to have a baby with brown eyes from blue-eyed parents? Let's figure this out.

It is known that genes are dominant and recessive. In this case, the first genes block the effects of the second. This suggests that if the mother is the owner of a dominant trait (for example, she has dark curly hair), then her gene will defeat the recessive gene of the red-haired dad. As a result, their child will be the owner of beautiful dark curls.

If mom and dad both have recessive traits (for example, one has blue eyes and the other has gray), a struggle will occur between their genes, and which of them will win will become known only after the birth of the baby.

According to geneticists, the appearance of the crumbs is determined not by one, but by a whole group of genes. The outcome of their mixing is not always possible to predict. Therefore, the birth of a red-haired child in a family of dark-haired parents is not the fruit of adultery, but the genetic “smile” of nature. Just remember school biology lessons where we were taught to calculate recessive and dominant genes:

eye color

As you know, the blue-eyed gene is a weak recessive, and the brown-eyed gene is a strong dominant one. So, it is likely that if one of the parents has blue eyes and the other has brown eyes, they will have a child with brown eyes.

However, not all so simple. The fact is that each of the parents has a pair of genes that carry certain signs. Therefore, parents with brown eyes may have a baby with blue eyes. This couple has three chances in four to give birth to a brown-eyed baby and only one in four to give birth to a blue-eyed baby. But the birth of a brown-eyed baby in blue-eyed moms and dads happens quite rarely.

Dark hair is dominant and light hair is recessive. Therefore, if both parents have blond hair, their child will also be blond. If one of the parents is the owner of dark hair and the other is light, the baby will be born dark-haired or blond. He can also be born with blond hair, and by the age of 10-12, the hair may darken.

But the growth of the child is more difficult to predict. The fact is that the environment in which the child lives plays an important role in this matter. Its growth is influenced by physical development, nutrition and past illnesses. But with a high degree of probability it can be argued that tall mom and dad will also have a tall child. His height will be approximately between the indicators of both parents.

However, short parents can also grow up a rather tall child. This can happen if it grows in favorable conditions for this, namely, it actively moves, eats well and gets sick a little.

Characteristic features

If, for example, dad has a dimple on his chin, most likely the child will get it too. The shape and size of the ears also depends on this. If, for example, a mother's ears are too big, her daughter or son will have the same ones. According to many experts, a big hump nose is a dominant feature. Therefore, such a nose is likely to be in a child.

In general, some bright eye-catching feature in the appearance of parents usually carries a dominant trait, and this feature is most often passed on from generation to generation. At the same time, girls are more likely to look like dad or both parents, and boys like mom.

This is due to the fact that girls get one X chromosome from their mother and another X chromosome from their father. And boys acquire only one X chromosome from their mother. It is known that this chromosome contains a large number of genes responsible for appearance.

Genetics is a very interesting, complex, young science. It sometimes produces completely different results than expected. Therefore, when imagining the appearance of your future baby, be sure to consider the genetic characteristics of your ancestors. This will help you not be surprised that a red-haired and fair-skinned baby can be born in a family of swarthy, dark-haired parents.

Knowing your family tree, "digging" in the genealogies of your ancestors, you will definitely find similar features that your grandfather's distant aunt or brother had. But most importantly, no matter how the baby is born, regardless of the color of his hair, eyes, hump on his nose, just love him and grow him in joy and care, because he is your future. Be happy and healthy!

Technologies

Many parents wonder what their child will look like when they grow up. Now with the help of a computer program, this question can be answered in less than a minute.

Researchers from University of Washington developed a program that automatically generates photographs of a child's face growing up over a lifetime.

The algorithm finds correspondences between the averages from each group and calculates changes in facial shape and appearance during maturation.

These changes are then applied to a new photograph of the child to predict whether what he will look like as an adult, up to 80 years.

Photo software

Photo of a child processed using the program (left) in comparison with real photographs of the same child (right)

The researchers tested the effectiveness of their program on 82 people photographed over the years.

Random users, who were asked to identify the appropriate photo for each example, chose the photo generated by the program as often as the real photo.

The researchers say the results are so compelling that people can't tell which one is the real photo.

Such a program could be used to find grown up missing children. Usually, for these purposes, they resort to the services of artists who use photographs of the child and family members. But this is a lengthy process and it is very difficult to get an accurate image of a child under 5 years of age.