Patriotic education of older preschoolers

Patriotic education in kindergarten. Preparatory group

Nikulina Ekaterina Petrovna, MBDOU No. 26 "Fairy Tale"

Raising moral and patriotic feelings in children in the process of getting to know their hometown

Their love for their native places, the idea of ​​what they are famous for, what nature is, what kind of work people are doing - all this adults pass on to children, which is extremely important for fostering moral and patriotic feelings. An active position in this issue is taken by preschool teachers, since the first years of a child's life are of decisive importance in the formation of the foundations of his personality.
Starting work on patriotic education, it is necessary, first of all, to thoroughly study the natural, cultural, social and economic characteristics of their region. Think about what to tell the children about, highlighting the signs that are characteristic only for our area. And also to help select from the mass of impressions received by a child, the most accessible to him, to help show children their hometown in order to evoke feelings of admiration, pride and love. Based on this, the following areas of work should be outlined:
1. to acquaint with the coat of arms of our city (explain what a coat of arms is).
2. to acquaint with the history of the origin of Iskitim, tell about the location of the city, explain where the name came from
3. to acquaint with the names of the streets of the city, tell in detail about the nearby streets where children live
4. to acquaint with the buildings of the city, their purpose, show the most ancient buildings, tell about the history of their creation
5. to acquaint with the people who glorified our city (consider photographs, portraits)
6. to acquaint with the cultural attractions of the city (visiting museums, theaters)
7. to acquaint with the history of culture and life of the Iskitim region.
8. to acquaint with flora and fauna.
Carry out the work to familiarize children with their hometown in a certain sequence. In order to determine the level of knowledge of children and identify gaps in knowledge about their hometown in a preschool educational institution, it is necessary to conduct a survey of children and their parents. To take into account the data of the questionnaire when drawing up the "Long-term work plan for acquaintance with the hometown." Include in the plan: thematic classes, play, labor, productive activities, as well as work on the physical development and activation of the vocabulary of children.
The main form of work with children to replenish knowledge about their hometown is thematic classes. It is necessary to select and systematize classes on the following topics: "Where does the homeland begin?", "My city on the map of the region", "Home town enterprises", "Who works where?"; "The fauna of the native forest", "The nature of the native hinterland", "The underground wealth of the Iskitim region"; "The flora of the native land", etc.

When drawing up classes, take into account the age characteristics of children, take into account the nature of their thinking, the ability to generalize, analyze. Classes should be organized in such a way as to arouse interest and curiosity in children. To increase cognitive activity, game techniques can be widely used. Of great interest in children are games - activities in "travel", "trips".
When acquainting children with their hometown, it is advisable to conduct targeted walks, excursions that are interesting and useful to children of all ages. It is possible to organize excursions to the local history museum, to the puppet theater, to the monument of the fallen soldiers, etc. Such excursions not only allow acquainting with the history of the city, but also have a great educational effect. While walking along the streets of the city, we teach children to see the beauty of the surrounding nature, to treat it with care, encourage the desire to work together with adults on the improvement of the city.

Excursion to the local history museum
The world around them enriches and stimulates children's artistic creativity. Therefore, after walks and excursions, children are happy to draw, sculpt what they remember most, sunk into the soul: native nature, historical places, holidays, beautiful buildings.

Music helps children to emotionally perceive the world around them. Listening to songs about the Motherland, about exploits, about nature, the guys rejoice or grieve, feel their involvement in the heroic past. Art helps to perceive what cannot be directly observed in the surrounding life, it develops and educates feelings.
When familiarizing with the history of the small homeland, you can organize a search activity: for example, ask your parents and grandparents about the history of the name of the street on which they live, and then the preschoolers exchanged the information they received, offer their versions about the history of some street names. Examination of photographs with views of city streets helped to clarify and supplement the knowledge of children about the place where they were born and live.
At the lesson "The coat of arms of our small homeland", children can be introduced to the symbols of the city. During which you can talk about what a coat of arms is, with the help of leading questions, help preschoolers understand the meaning of the symbols depicted on the coat of arms. The games “Find the coat of arms of Iskitim among others”, “Fold the coat of arms from memory” conducted with the children will help to consolidate the knowledge of preschoolers on this section. and for fixing, it is possible to propose to mold the animal that is depicted on the coat of arms of Iskitim.

Children sculpt the symbol depicted on the coat of arms of Iskitim: a beaver.
To complete the journey into the past with the final lesson "Our city Iskitim", which is conducted in the form of quizzes, assignments and games.
And the photo exhibition “Dad, Mom at Work,” organized jointly with the parents, will also help to consolidate the content of the work of adults in their hometown: a teacher, a doctor, a builder, a policeman, a driver. Preschoolers will see the importance and significance of the work of their parents, and this is a continuation of the laid foundations of a respectful attitude towards the work of adults, aimed at the benefit of their hometown.
When familiarizing yourself with the transport of your hometown, you can conduct interesting travel lessons "Transport on the streets of our city", in which you can invite children to classify transport by function, to find similarities and differences.
During the role-playing games, the guys can feel like a driver of any equipment, a builder, a salesman, or even real musicians.

Role-playing game "Builders"

Role-playing game "Shop"
Games, as well as classes, contribute to solving the problems of patriotic education. The game, started under the influence of the read work, excursion, after observing the labor process, can develop into an interesting game in which children apply their knowledge and accumulated life experience. These are games so beloved by children: "school"; Mothers and daughters; "summer cafe"; "Rescuers"; "puppet show". The child, taking on the role, lives it, tries himself in various life situations. Our task is to maintain interest in the game, to give it the right direction.

We organize didactic games as additional work on mastering the leading topic. These are games such as: "Green City"; “Who needs what”; “Become a friend of nature”; "Collect your city"; “Emergencies at home”, etc. It is on them that the choice of specific play stories by children depends.
Particular attention should be paid to theatrical games, namely dramatization games. Organizing not only the dramatization of fairy tales, but also playing with the children nursery rhymes, fables, Russian folk songs. Using all kinds of folklore in our work, we thereby introduce children to universal human moral values. They evaluate various life positions, ridicule shortcomings, and praise the positive qualities of people. We devote a great deal of attention to folk festivals and traditions in familiarizing ourselves with folk culture. This is the "Russian Shrovetide Festival"; "Russian folk gatherings"; Harvest Festival; "Birthday of the city".

Oil maiden festival
Surrounding objects that awaken a child's soul for the first time should be national. Therefore, we use not only fiction, folklore, but also "living" visual objects and materials: national costumes, antique furniture, dishes, tools. In our preschool educational institution there is a mini - museum "Russian hut", where children get acquainted with folk crafts, household items of antiquity: a spinning wheel, a Russian stove, a grapple, etc.

Russian hut
By immersing children in the national way of life, we create a natural environment for mastering the language of our native people, its folk traditions, way of life and, thus, we form love for our native city, region, for the big Motherland.
Future citizens of our country must grow up strong, dexterous, healthy. These qualities are necessary for future defenders of the Motherland. In this direction, we organize sports games with a military-patriotic content: "Soldiers in training", "We are firefighters", "Rescuers". The children have a desire to learn to throw at a target, jump, crawl under obstacles, run certain distances, and disguise themselves.

"Soldiers in training"
And so, we reinforce each topic with different activities. This contributes to the effective and systematic assimilation of knowledge about the hometown. The results of work on a theme that unites the knowledge of children can be presented during general holidays and entertainment.
However, the conditions of the kindergarten do not always allow for a direct perception of the social life of people in our city. And here parents come to our aid. Studying the places where you live with your children, you like to wander the streets, to know what they are famous for is a task that any family can handle. Parents are our allies. And the more we involve them in our work, the more actively we show the results of children's activities, the more new opportunities open up.
Often, parents help us organize excursions and go on excursions with a group of children.
Here they have the opportunity to observe their child among their peers, listen to their conversation, understand what interests children, see the level of communication of their child. And for a child, in turn, this is an opportunity to show off to friends, to his parents. It is the parents who, using vivid, accessible examples of life, their work, demonstrate to the child that not only parents, but also the whole society, the whole country, pin their hopes on him.
Thus, by fostering feelings of love and affection for our hometown, we gradually bring children to the understanding that their city is a part of our Motherland. In his works N.K. Krupskaya emphasized that “The main source of impressions for preschoolers is their immediate environment, the social environment in which they live. Local history material should become the basis for children's understanding of the originality of other distant lands and regions. " Based on this, the continuation of our work will be acquaintance with other cities of Russia.

In the dictionary, the word "education" is defined as "the activity of transferring social and historical experience to new generations; systematic and purposeful impact on the consciousness and behavior of a person in order to form certain attitudes, concepts, principles, value orientations, providing conditions for his development, preparation for social life and work. " Thus, upbringing, in itself, implies the introduction of the child to universal human values, knowing which the child forms the experience of moral relations and communication, which are characterized by the ability to facilitate and cooperate in activities, the ability to understand and accept the position of another, the need to harmonize activities and relationships with the world, attachment to culture, to native places.

Patriotism (Greek rbfsjufzt - compatriot, rbfsYat - fatherland) is a moral principle, a social feeling, the content of which is love for the fatherland and the willingness to subordinate his private interests to its interests. Patriotism presupposes pride in the achievements and culture of one's homeland, the desire to preserve its character and cultural characteristics, and self-identification with other members of the nation, the willingness to subordinate one's interests to the interests of the country, the desire to defend the interests of the homeland and one's people. The historical source of patriotism is the fixed existence of separate states for centuries and millennia, which formed attachment to their native land, language, traditions. In the conditions of the formation of nations and the formation of national states, patriotism becomes an integral part of public consciousness, reflecting national moments in its development.

Fostering a sense of patriotism in preschoolers is a complex and lengthy process. The feeling of patriotism is multifaceted in content. This is love for their native places, pride in their people, and the feeling of their inseparability with the world around them, and the desire to preserve and increase the wealth of their country.

“Every child is born good and for a good life,” said the wonderful actor E. Leonov. What moral qualities a child will develop depends, first of all, on the parents and adults around him, on how they bring him up, what impressions they will enrich him with.

Fostering patriotic feelings in the younger generation is one of the most urgent tasks of our time. Therefore, our task, as teachers, is: fostering in a child love and affection for his family, home, kindergarten, street, city; the formation of a respectful attitude towards nature and all living things; fostering respect for work; developing interest in Russian traditions and crafts; formation of basic knowledge about human rights; expanding ideas about cities (depending on where the child lives); acquaintance of children with the symbols of the state: coat of arms, flag, anthem and understanding their meaning and symbols; developing a sense of responsibility and pride in the country's achievements; the formation of tolerance, a sense of respect for other peoples, their traditions. These tasks are solved in all types of children's activities: in the classroom, in games, in work, in everyday life.

The feeling of the Motherland begins in the child with the attitude towards the family, towards the closest people - towards the mother, father, grandmother, grandfather. These are the roots that connect him with his home and immediate environment. The feeling of the Motherland begins with admiration for what the baby sees in front of him, what he is amazed at and what evokes a response in his soul. And although many impressions have not yet been deeply comprehended by him, but passed through children's perception, they play a huge role in the formation of patriotic feelings.

The immediate environment is of considerable importance for the education in children of interest and love for their native land. Gradually, the child gets to know the kindergarten, his street, city, and then with the country, its capital and symbols, sights.

Any region, region, even a small village, is unique. Each place has its own nature, its own traditions and its own way of life. The selection of the appropriate material allows preschoolers to form an idea of ​​what their native land is famous for. It is necessary to show the child that his hometown is famous for its history, traditions, sights, monuments, and the best people.

The range of objects with which older preschoolers are introduced is expanding - this is the district and the city as a whole, its attractions, historical sites and monuments. Children are told who they were erected in honor of. An older preschooler should know the name of his city, his street, the streets adjacent to it, and also after whom they are named. They explain to him that each person has a home and city where he was born and lives. This requires excursions around the city, into nature, observing the work of adults, where each child begins to realize that work unites people, requires them to be coordinated, mutual assistance, and knowledge of their business. And here the acquaintance of children with folk crafts of the region, folk craftsmen, acquires great importance.

Children tend to idealize their favorite objects. If this is a mother, then “the most beautiful”, if this is a native country, then she is “the biggest, strongest, richest”. To confirm these feelings, visual material, conversations, and acquaintance with nature are used. The main tool for instilling patriotic feelings in preschool children is the speech of a teacher, a caring person who shares with children the joy of learning new things, admiration for the great and the beautiful. One of the most important means is the artistic word, all the variety of forms and styles accumulated over the history of the Russian people and created by talented authors.

Zemlyanskaya Marina
The specifics of instilling a sense of patriotism in preschoolers

At every stage of development patriotism and patriotic education have their own characteristics. At an early age, love for the Motherland arises through love for nature and through emotional responsiveness to the aesthetic side of the world around us. Education begins at birth, and the most important thing here is not to miss the time, find worthy methods, create favorable conditions for education, namely individuality. During early childhood, those the senses, character traits that can connect a child with his people, his country and largely determine the way of life. The roots of this influence are in the language of his people, in his songs, music, games, toys, impressions of everyday life, customs, work of the people among whom the child lives.

Patriotic education of preschool children age is an urgent problem in the conditions of modern Russia. At the moment, material values ​​are becoming more and more dominant over spiritual ones. Children misrepresented citizenship patriotism, charity. Fostering a sense of patriotism in preschoolers has always been considered an important task of pedagogy, and this is primarily due to the peculiarities of the age period, when the process of forming the spiritual and moral basis of the child's personality and his attitude to the world around arises.

A sense of patriotism so multifaceted in its content that it cannot be defined in a few words. Feeling love for the Motherland is one of the strongest feelings, without which a person is imperfect, not feels its roots... And whether a person will have attachment to his native land or will he leave it, it already depends on the circumstances of life and education... Therefore, it is important that the child is already in preschool felt personal responsibility for their homeland and its future.

Preschool age is the most important period in the formation of personality, when the prerequisites for civic qualities are laid, children's ideas about personality, society and culture develop. V. A. Sukhomlinsky argued that "childhood is an everyday discovery of the world and, therefore, it is necessary to do so that it becomes, first of all, knowledge about man and the Fatherland, their beauty and greatness." Following the principle of young and old, the main stage in the formation of children's love for the Motherland is the accumulation of social experience of life in their city, the adoption of accepted norms of behavior, relationships and the introduction of its culture into the world. Love for the Motherland begins with love for her small homeland - the place where a person was born.

Exploring the fostering patriotic feelings in preschool children age is included in the problem area of ​​modern preschool psychology and pedagogy. Patriotic feelings in the classification of feelings are considered as an integral part of the emotional sphere of the individual and act as the highest spiritual values ​​of a person. Patriotic feelings- this is a stable positive attitude of a person to the place of his birth, to the history and culture of his homeland, to the acceptance of his successes and failures, active and positive participation in the preservation and multiplication of the best that was accumulated by previous generations.

Research by such authors as L. I. Bozhovich, V. S. Mukhina, D. I. Feldshtein and others in the field preschool psychology and pedagogy show that in preschool age, the foundations of the personality are formed, the process of the formation of socio-cultural experience begins. Development patriotic feelings determined by psychological characteristics preschool age: great cognitive activity, impressionability, emotional openness, gullibility.

The specificity of instilling a sense of patriotism in preschoolers is practical, subject- sensual activity carried out by preschooler independently in the process of communication, interaction with other people through personally meaningful content. Formation patriotic feelings should focus on cognitive, emotional and behavioral components. The cognitive component is the representation of children preschool age about the surrounding nature, people, activities inherent in its people; ethnic stories of behavior are formed on the basis of knowledge about the history and culture of their country and the Little Homeland.

Patriotic education the younger generation has always been one of the most important educational tasks, because childhood and adolescence is the most fertile time for instilling the sacred feelings of love for the motherland. Patriotism, citizenship is formed thanks to moral, spiritual education... This process takes three steps:

Is emerging patriot in your family since the formation of kindred feelings for parents, grandmothers, grandfathers, brothers, sisters;

- upbringing love for a small homeland. It is necessary to start from the place where the child was born, grows, where the graves of his ancestors, his history are located;

Love and respect for your Fatherland, country, people.

The level of knowledge of children about patriotism largely depends on what content (availability and amount of material for perception and understanding) is chosen by the teacher, what methods are used, how the subject-developing environment in the group is organized.

The purpose patriotic education of preschool children age is to engender in the child's soul a love for the native nature, family, for the history and culture of the country, created by the labor of relatives and friends, those who are called compatriots. Fostering patriotic feelings in preschool children age is one of the tasks of moral education, including education love for loved ones, kindergarten, native village and homeland. Patriotic feelings arise in the process of a person's life, which is in the context of a specific socio-cultural environment. From the moment of birth, people instinctively, naturally and imperceptibly get used to their environment, the nature and culture of their country, to the life of their people.

With the adoption of federal state requirements for the structure of the main general education program preschool education, the key principle is the principle of integration, which implies the interaction of educational areas, which requires a reorientation of teachers to an educational model of organizing the educational process for joint activities of adults and children. All actions are based on age forms educational work with preschool children - experimentation, modeling, observation, introduction of problem situations, didactic value in that it helps to connect learning with life.

In this way, preschool childhood is the most important period in the development of a person's personality. At this stage, the basic qualities of the future citizen are laid, the first ideas of children about the world, society and culture are formed. Education of patriotism in the younger generation - an urgent task of our time. It is moral and patriotic education represents the most important part of public consciousness, and this is the basis of the viability of each society and state, the continuity of generations. Realizing the importance of the question patriotism at the present stage, we can say that the formation of personality preschooler can't happen without education from an early age, respect for spiritual values.

Literature:

1. Belyavtseva L. V. Organization of interaction between a kindergarten and a family instilling patriotic feelings in preschoolers to a small homeland [Text] // Theory and practice of education in modern the world: materials of the V Int. scientific. conf. (St. Petersburg, July 2014)... - SPb .: Satis, 2014 .-- S. 53-55.

2. Zinkovskaya O. M., Shoponyak E. V. Moral- patriotic education of preschoolers through oral folk art // Young scientist. - 2014. - No. 17. - S. 479-480.

3. The regulatory framework of modern preschool education... The law on education, FGOS DO, the procedure for organizing educational activities [Text] - M .: Education, 2014. - 112 p.

4. Rybakov, A. V. Patriotic education schoolchildren on the basis of the cultural traditions of the peoples of the multiethnic region [Text] / A. V. Rybakov // Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University. I. Ya. Yakovleva. - 2013. - No. 1–2. - S. 153-156.

5. Cheremnykh, S. V. Fostering patriotic feelings in preschool age [Text] / S. V. Cheremnykh // Young scientist. - 2014. - No. 20. - S. 639-641.

Fostering patriotic feelings in older preschool children

Makusheva N.V., teacher of MBDOU DS No. 12 "Yolochka", Stary Oskol.

A patriotic feeling, a feeling of the Motherland ... It begins with a child's relationship to the closest people - mother, father, grandfather, grandmother, brother, sister, etc. The child first discovers his homeland in the family. And this is, first of all, his inner circle, where he learns such concepts as "work", "duty", "honor", "Motherland". The development of love and affection for one's home is the first stage of civil-patriotic education of preschool children.

Fostering patriotic feelings in preschool children is one of the important tasks of moral education, which includes fostering love for loved ones, kindergarten, hometown and home country.

What should be borne in mind when instilling in a child the first feelings of citizenship? How to reveal to him the content of such a complex and multifaceted concept as "home"? It includes: attitude towards oneself as a person, the family where the child was born and raised, the atmosphere of the hearth, which is largely determined by family traditions, the native culture, the house in which he lives, the native street.

Gradually, the concept of "home" is expanding. This is already a hometown, a homeland. A preschooler perceives the reality around him emotionally, therefore, patriotic feelings for his native city, for his native country are manifested in a sense of admiration for his city, his country. It is these feelings that must be evoked in the process of introducing children to their hometown and their country. Such feelings cannot arise after several, even very successful, lessons. This is the result of a long, systematic and purposeful impact on the child.

Later, not only a small (native land), but also a large, multinational Motherland-Russia, of which the child is a citizen. And finally, planet Earth is our common home. We all want to look into the future of our children in order to see them with at least one eye as happy, intelligent, kind, respected people - real patriots of their Motherland, to hear the words of a small child proudly spoken from the mouth of a small child: “I am a Russian! I'm proud of my country!" Think about how often we hear these phrases? Why are there gaps in the moral education of the younger generation?

The formation of a person as a member of civil society, creating personal responsibility for the country, the formation of moral and patriotic concepts in preschool children, the upbringing of a creative, developed personality is the main goal of our work.

The tasks of moral and patriotic education:

• - to form in children the concept of their "I", that each person is a unique personality with their own distinctive character traits;
• - to give an idea of ​​the communities: family, relatives, friends, neighbors, acquaintances;
• - to enrich the knowledge of children about their native land (small homeland), homeland-country, to give knowledge about the symbols (flag, coat of arms, anthem) of our state;
• - to acquaint preschoolers with Russian folk life, traditions, folklore, folk calendar, Russian folk games.

Forms of work: target walk, OOD, conversations, didactic games, perception of fiction, thematic holidays, etc.

The knowledge gained at the OOD is consolidated in various forms of work, in the independent activities of children, together with parents and educators.

In the developing environment of kindergarten groups, there should be historical and geographical objects, symbols of the state, folk calendars, corners of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War of their city.

For the formation of ideas about the family, kinship, about the pedigree, the corners "My family" are formed, starting with the nursery group, children bring books-albums about themselves, about their family, share with the teacher about their innermost secrets. This helps the educator to determine the state of mind of the child, to know his inner world. Educators conduct conversations with children about the history of the city, about its main attractions. Children in virtual excursions get acquainted with the streets of the city, find out why they are called that.

Throughout the year, the teacher returns several times to what the children learned earlier.

The main topics of classes and conversations in the senior and preparatory groups can be:

- “My family”, “My kindergarten”, “My city”, “Nature”, “City sights”, “Bread-wealth of Russia”, “Streets of our city”, “Monuments of the native city”, “Moscow - the capital of Russia "," Coat of arms of Moscow ", etc.

Forming in children the first ideas about the structure of our state, the educator attaches great importance to the study of the symbols of our country. It is not a secret for anyone that a significant part of the population of our country does not know the words of the solemn song-anthem of Russia, do not know the meaning of the colors of the flag of our Motherland, the meaning of the coat of arms of our state. Therefore, I believe that work on this problem should be started from preschool age.

In kindergarten, children are introduced to the meaning of the colors of the flag (white, blue, red). The educator can give children in a fabulous form the knowledge about the meaning of the coat of arms of Russia, which reflects the history of our state. The rider depicted on the coat of arms, Saint George, is the prototype of the fairytale hero. Drawing conclusions and analyzing the content of the tale, children remember that the coat of arms symbolizes beauty and justice, the victory of good over evil. The use of such techniques develops in children curiosity, interest in the history of Russia, in the life of a person in the past.

Working with children on moral and patriotic education gives a positive result. Children know what country we live in, they know how to show the country on the globe, the state border on the map, the approximate place of residence on the map, they know the name of our small Motherland, their home address, the streets of their hometown in whose honor they are named, the heroes who glorified their native the city, the main objects and sights of the native city, the horizons about the world around them about the professions broadens, children have a desire to get a profession, they know how to justify their choice. Children receive new knowledge, their horizons expand, and their vocabulary increases and replenishes. Work on moral and patriotic education evokes in children not only positive feelings and emotions, but also a desire for activity. After OOD and conversations, children have a desire to draw what they just heard, or after reading works of art, children organize a game in which the heroes or characters of the given work "participate". For example: "I will be a kind wizard ...", "We will be brave rescuers and save people from a burning house," etc. Stories and conversations develop the imagination and creativity of children, teach them to create something of their own, similar to the fact that they only what they learned. For example, after getting to know the map of Russia, children can draw a map of their home, group, kindergarten, etc.

The educator builds his work in close collaboration with his family. Parents should actively participate in all events: folk festivals, excursions, exhibitions, competitions. Joint activity should be the basis in the formation of a citizen. Success in the formation of moral and patriotic education is achieved only if the educator himself knows and loves the history of his country, his city. He must be able to select the knowledge that will be available to preschool children, something that can cause children to feel delight and pride.

But no knowledge will give a positive result if the educator himself does not admire his country, his people, his city. While educating the younger generation, we must remember that society needs a healthy, full of strength and energy builder, the creator of our state, and the future of our country largely depends on how we solve the tasks of moral and patriotic education.

Fostering a sense of patriotism in preschoolers is a complex and lengthy process. Love for loved ones, for kindergarten, for hometown and home country play a huge role in the development of the child's personality.

“Every child is born good and for a good life” said the wonderful actor E. Leonov. What moral qualities a child will develop depends, first of all, on the parents and adults around him, on how they bring him up, what impressions they will enrich him with.

The patriotic education of the younger generation is one of the most urgent tasks of our time. The implementation of the patriotic education program requires implementation through a new approach to teaching and raising children, organizing the entire educational process.

New forms of work simulate the creative process and create a microclimate where the possibilities for the creative side of the intellect are manifested.

A clear understanding of how we want to instill patriotism in preschoolers is necessary: ​​a feeling of love for the Motherland, small homeland, our relatives, respect for adults, etc.

Homeland. Fatherland. Fatherland. Father's Land. This is how people call the land on which they were born, and there is nothing more dear to a person than the Motherland, the beauty of which once revealed itself to him as a miracle. It is necessary to help the child discover that miracle, introducing him to nature, life, history, and culture of his native land. Getting acquainted with the history of his homeland, the child begins to love her and retains a feeling of affection for her for life. And the better the children know it, the better they will understand the meaning of what is happening today and the more clearly they will imagine the future. A person who loves the Motherland is incapable of betrayal or crime. And this is so important in our time.

White spots in history, forgotten good traditions and positive experience of older generations - all this imperatively requires us to take a fresh look at the place and role of man on the scale of society, region, country. In order to consider oneself a son or daughter of Russia, one must feel oneself as a part of the people, accept the Russian language, history, and culture. When a child begins an active life, he is faced with many problems and difficulties associated not only with the fact that he still knows little about this world, he must and wants to know it.

The goal of my work is to improve moral education, develop the personal culture of the child, as the basis of his love for the Motherland.

To achieve this goal, I have identified the following tasks:

• To form the interest of every preschooler in the history of their city, region, country; fundamentals of ecological culture; humane attitude to all living things; the ability to see the history around you.
• To cultivate in the soul of every child curiosity, a sense of beauty, a feeling of love and affection for his family, for his home, for his people, its history, customs, traditions.
• Help parents maintain and develop children's curiosity in the process of joint activities: parents - children - kindergarten.

In solving the tasks, I am guided by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 11, 2005 No. 422 "On the state program" Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation ", I use the Program for the patriotic education of preschoolers:" This is the Russian side, this is my Motherland " garden edited by M.A. Vasilyeva, which makes it possible to systematically and systematically work in this direction.

In my work, I convince children that love for the Motherland starts small - with love for the mother, with respect for the people around you, from home, from the street, from the ability to find something around you. Which is admirable.

Mom is the dearest and closest person. We carry out a huge amount of work with children for the International Day of March 8, for Mother's Day. Together with the children, we make gifts, postcards, invitations to holidays, organized an exhibition of drawings: “My beloved mommy”, participated in a sports event dedicated to Mother's Day; in the group they designed a photo - album: “Mom, Mom, Mom”.

Children with mothers took part in exhibitions and contests: "Miracle from the Garden", "Mother's Golden Hands", "Flower Fantasy", "Visiting Samodelkin". All these activities contributed to the harmonization of parent-child relations.

In the process of all my work I use classes of a special kind, the main task of which is to educate children of patriotic principles: “Defense of Sevastopol” - looking at a picture; reading an excerpt from A. Tvardovsky's poem “Vasily Terkin”. In such classes, I try to turn children from spectators and listeners into active, emotional participants. Excursions around my hometown, where I acquaint children with the sights of the city, foster interest in the past and present events of the city, tell in honor of whom the city is named, with the monuments of our city. Acquaintance with their hometown and country evokes positive feelings and emotions in children, as well as the child's desire and desire to depict what he has just heard and seen. Therefore, this work will certainly continue in the classroom for fine arts. Children's drawings, reflecting a strong and pure feeling of love for their hometown, native nature, allow them to create expressive images based on their own observations, and also make them think about their attitude to the world around them. During the visual activity, familiar melodies are sure to sound, thus, preschoolers, as it were, “return” to the newly seen frames.

A visit to a local history museum, studying and acquainting children with local history literature, organizing photo exhibitions, creating photo albums on various topics are directly related to the work of people of different professions, various aspects of human social life in all its integrity and diversity.

Developing the ability of preschoolers to show interest in folk culture and history, we attend exhibitions of folk craftsmen held in the city library. The canvases of Sakhalin artists, jewelry and crafts made of leather, fur, fish scales delight the children. Children will learn about the multinational population of our island, about the way of life and the life of various nationalities.

Involvement in folk holidays and traditions is an important feature of the patriotic education of children.

We participate with children in folk holidays: "Vesnyanka", "Maslenitsa", "Easter". In the process of working on the holiday, children learn a lot about Russian customs and traditions.

When organizing holidays of heroic and patriotic themes, I try to teach and educate children at the same time. Here they really play military men, sing military songs. And sometimes you can't tell where the game is, where the reality is.

Work with children on patriotic education is carried out through familiarization with fiction. Acquaintance with books of a cognitive and artistic nature, illustrative and didactic material is necessarily accompanied by music.

In my work on the education of patriotism in children, I use works of oral folk art, since it is the richest source of cognitive and moral development. In proverbs, sayings, fairy tales, epics, various life positions are aptly assessed, shortcomings are ridiculed, and the positive qualities of people are praised.

Preschool children are researchers by nature. The thirst for new impressions, curiosity, a constant desire to experiment, to seek the truth on their own extends to all spheres of activity of children. Therefore, there were many classes where children could independently explore some problem:

"Where did the bread come from?"
"Heroes of the Russian land."
"Grandmother Arina's chest."
"Unity is our strength."

A large place in the organization of work on this topic belongs to the game, since it is the main activity of the preschooler. Children play around with everyday, work, social subjects. Games - dramatization of any fairy tales, the use of various types of theaters: puppet, tabletop, plane. The moral, aesthetic, physical education of children runs through all the games. Children of the senior preparatory group always demonstrate their "artistic" abilities to kids. Everyone gets pleasure, joy from communication. Theater is a synthesis of all types of arts, and its active use helps a child to express his emotions vividly, to express his attitude to that corner of the Motherland in which he lives. The closeness of theatrical activity for a child lies in his nature and is reflected spontaneously because it is associated with play. By participating in theatrical performances, children very vividly and emotionally express their benevolent attitude towards the natural world and the world around them. Through theater classes, I awaken in children the desire for self-expression through movement, speech, facial expressions, gesture, rhythmoplasty, we strive to form children's independence, creative activity, overcome stiffness, tension, insecurity.

Patriotic education is aimed at the formation and development of a personality with the qualities of a citizen - a patriot, ready to stand up for the Motherland. I teach the children “lessons of courage”, we invite to the meeting soldiers - Afghans, soldiers - conscripts from a military unit, veterans of the Great Patriotic War.

A lot of work is being done on Victory Day. I conduct classes: “Their names will not cease glory”, “Cities - heroes”, “Bronze soldier”, “Children and the war” , adults, when meeting with children, told about relatives who had passed the fiery paths of war. Children drew portraits of warriors with trepidation.

An interesting competition was held for reciters dedicated to Victory Day, a drawing competition “War, War”, entertainment “at rest.” Every year we honor veterans, lay flowers at the obelisk to the soldiers - liberators, go on an excursion to the Museum of School No. 1 “Memory”. When organizing heroic-patriotic holidays, I try to teach and educate children at the same time. Here they really play in the military, sing military songs.

The group has created a corner “My Homeland”, where photo albums of various subjects, games of an ecological orientation are presented, there is a globe, portraits of the president, the chairman of the government. Children take good care of objects that once belonged to their great-grandfathers and relatives.

The great potential for patriotic influence lies in music. Folk music, unobtrusively, often in a fun way, acquaints children with the customs and life of the Russian people, work, respect for nature, love of life, and a sense of humor.

Children get acquainted with musical folklore in the classroom, in everyday life, at leisure and while participating in folk festivals. Folk music arouses the interest of children, brings them joy, creates a good mood, relieves feelings of fear, anxiety, anxiety - in a word, provides emotional and psychological well-being. The richness and diversity of the content of children's folklore allows you to choose the most striking examples of it. All folk songs, as well as folk melodies used in listening and rhythmic activities for preschool children, have great artistic merit and high cognitive value. Through folk music, children get acquainted with the life and life of the Russian people, with samples of folk musical creativity. Wise folk proverbs and sayings, funny ditties, riddles and nursery rhymes, organically interwoven into the lives of children, arouse children's interest in the work of Russia, a desire to continue acquaintance with it.

Work on the formation of a feeling of love for the native land, the country is more effective if a close connection is established with the parents of the children. Parents are not only great and active kindergarten assistants, but also equal participants in the formation of the child's personality. Parents together with their children participate in entertainment, leisure and holidays that have become the traditions of the preschool educational institution: “Defender of the Fatherland Day”, “Children's Day” and others; in the design of photo exhibitions and exhibitions of children's creativity "Great holiday Victory Day", "We live in the north."

For parents, she prepared and conducted consultations on the topics: “a holiday has come to the house”, “The role of family traditions and customs in the upbringing of the younger generation”, “Moral and patriotic education of preschoolers by means of music”, “Formation of civil-patriotic position of preschool children”. I invite parents to actively participate in the collection of local history and educational material to replenish the exposition of the corner in the group.

Working with children and their parents, I try to form cognitive activity in children, the desire to learn as much as possible, to apply my knowledge in practice. In the future, this will allow children to take an active life position. Parents actively cooperate on all issues with the teacher, provide assistance in solving many issues. After all, upbringing should go together so that it has an impact on the personality of the child for many years to come.

I see the result of my work in the diagnostics, which I carry out 2 times a year:

	2008–2009	2009–2010	2010–2011	2011 september
High	50%	75%	37%	50%
Average	15%	25%	50%	50%
Below the average	10%		13%

In working on this topic, I understand well that for the purposeful and effective performance of these tasks, a solid and practical baggage is needed:

• Study of novelties of methodological literature;
• Professional development of a teacher;
• Development of a long-term plan for patriotic education.

All aspects generally give a positive result in working with children.

Conclusion: The upbringing of patriotic feelings is a set of universal human values: the concepts of love, friendship, goodness, truth merge with cognitive activity, ideas about modern reality, and an active and practical attitude to the world.

Each person needs to know his native nature, history and culture of the people to which he belongs, his place in the world around him.

We must be sure that children and grandchildren will be well in the future, we must respect ourselves and teach this to others. If the integrity of this process is violated, the connection between generations will be destroyed. The upbringing of patriotic feelings is and will be one of the main components of the upbringing of a little citizen.

In the future, I plan to continue working on this topic, because I believe that patriotism is the main feature of the Russian people, it helps to foster feelings of love for the Motherland and the world around it. And we, adults, envy what our children will be like, what they will take away from childhood.

Literature:

1. E.Yu. Aleksandrova, E.D. Gordeeva, M.P. Postnikova, G.P. Popova“The system of patriotic education in preschool educational institutions” 2007, “Teacher”.
2. E.A. Alyabyeva“Themed days and weeks in kindergarten”. 2010, Moscow.
3. M.B. Zatsepina"Days of Military Glory". 2008, Moscow.
4. L.A. Kondrykinskaya. Motodic manual for patriotic education in preschool educational institutions. 2005, Moscow.
5. Preschool education № 1, 8 2005