Mobile engraving. Blackened engraving

Black

niello (Italian niello, from Latin nigellus, abbreviated from niger - black), an alloy of silver, lead, sulfur and other varying components, with the help of which jewelry is decorated with metals, mainly of silver. The crushed black is applied to the engraved surface of the metal, the object is fired, after which a black or dark gray pattern is revealed on it, firmly fused with the base. Blackening on silver and other metals was already known in the ancient world. Rough images (subject, landscape, ornamental) are made on separate plates (for example, in Italy in the 15-16 centuries) or decorate household items (dishes, cutlery, boxes, etc.), weapons, jewelry, etc. (Ch. Western European, Indian, Baltic peoples, etc.). For silver of the countries of the Middle East and the Caucasus, an ornamental niello pattern is characteristic. Known are silver pendants, bracelets, lunettes from Ch. By Russian masters of the 10-13th centuries. Chemistry was widely used by Russian jewelers of the 15th and 16th centuries; the greatest variety of forms of articles and subjects of rough drawings was achieved in the 18th century. (see Veliky Ustyug silver blackening). Ch. Is widely used in the art of metalworking in Kubachi.

Lit .: Russian art metal, M., 1958: Postnikova-Loseva M. M., Platonova N. G., Ulyanova B. L., Russian niello art, M., 1972; Rosenberg M., Geschichte der Goldschmiedekunst auf technischer Grundlage. Abteilung: Niello. Darmstadt, 1907.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

Synonyms:

See what "Mob" is in other dictionaries:

black- rabble, and ... Russian spelling dictionary

black- mobile / ... Morphemic-spelling dictionary

Mob: Mob (historicism, from "black people") people from unprivileged classes, common people, crowd, in poetic speech people devoid of high interests. See also ochlocracy, people. Black color in heraldry. Mobile or ... ... Wikipedia

Niello (Italian niello, from Latin nigellus, diminutive of niger black), an alloy of silver, lead, sulfur and other varying components, with which metal products are adorned, mainly made of silver. Shredded rabble ... ... Art encyclopedia

Common people, people, street, mass, plebs, plebeians; rabble, scum of society. Wed crowd ... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. mob common people, people, street, mass, plebs ... Synonym dictionary

BLACK, rabble, pl. no, wives. 1. The same as blackness (obsolete, simple). "A stream of crimson blood spilled onto the square, darkly outlined in black." Mayakovsky. 2. Blackened silver, upotr. in jewelry. Snuffbox with mobile. 3. The same as ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

BLACK, and, wives. (obsolete). 1. In noble society, in pompous contemptuous speech: people belonging to the underprivileged classes. 2. People who are far from spiritual life, high ideals. Secular part II. BLACK, and, wives. Metal engraving ... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

AND; f. 1. Book. = Blackness (1 2 characters). H. Night, sky. Ch. Hair, wings. Ch. Southern tanning. 2. Artistic processing of metal, in which the pattern engraved on it is filled with a black matte alloy of silver, copper, sulfur, etc .; this one ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Master, charity, master, salary, rabble. A sharp shift in the Russian language took place during the era of the socialist revolution. The elimination of classes leads to the gradual withering away of class and estate dialects. Words go into the archives of the history ... The history of words

black- 1 Mennik of the female genus is an alloy of silver, lead, gray, which is vicorized for artistic healing of metal virobes; odyag chorny kolyoru architect; black threads; chorna vugilna farba) rabble 2 imenik of a female genus commoner) zbirn., angry. ... ... Spelling vocabulary of the Ukrainian language

BLACK 2, and, f. Engraving on metal (silver, gold), the strokes to the swarm are filled with black metal alloy. Cup with niello. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Books

Black and Gold, Tchaikovsky Adrian. A mysterious, mysterious, beautiful and dangerous world. A world in which people had to combine their genes with the genes of enemies - giant intelligent insects ... Centuries and centuries have passed. The enemies became friends and ...

Thousands of years ago, mankind mastered the method of drawing on metal. The method was based on the removal of the upper layer of the surface of the substance by improvised methods. The appearance of metal in human everyday life, it became necessary to master a new craft - engraving.

The latest equipment and technological process allow you to create beautiful, unique things. The machine method assumes automatic operation, which significantly saves time. For a home type of work, it is enough to master the methods of artistic work. The transfer of the picture can be done with a laser or a special machine.

The main types of engraving on metal

A craft called engraving appeared many centuries ago. Items and decorations, made with individual engraving, have been handed down for generations. Engraving on metal allows you to give the product an individual look and uniqueness. In practice, there are several types of engraving.

Hand engraving appeared the very first, it is in demand when making jewelry to this day. It is almost impossible to machine parts with an uneven surface. Inscriptions on rings and other jewelry are mostly done by hand. The tool for work is a graver, a small chisel with a pointed end. Engraving by hand makes a pleasant appearance, adds value. The disadvantages of this method are the high price, the execution of work requires the necessary professional skills and craftsmanship.

In the mechanical method, a special machine is used, a special milling tool is used, which removes part of the top layer from the surface of the product. Simple work, as well as its low cost, made this method almost the most common. The surface of the product should be as flat as possible and correspond to the dimensions of the bed with the equipment. High-strength materials are processed with diamond-coated tools.

Laser engraving on metal is a newer way of processing products. The speed of work, the availability of technology made the method the most used type. The product accepts the required drawing or inscription by burning out when engraving with a laser .

This type has several drawbacks, one of them is that the inscription or drawing is quickly erased from the product. On jewelry, laser engraving looks aesthetically pleasing, the quality of work depends on the tool and the skill of the master.

General technology

Carrying out the engraving processes involves many types of techniques. The main methods are manual and mechanical, the latter is subdivided into the categories of defense and line.

A three-dimensional drawing can be obtained by using defense engraving, deeper processing implies three-dimensional engraving.
When performing surface actions, the hatching technique is used. The process is carried out in several steps, the lines of the processing contour are applied, part of the metal is removed from the surface with dash movements.

Blackening can be obtained without the use of special equipment. Mixed substances of potassium carbonate and sulfur are used, the proportions are one to two. It is necessary to place the mixture of materials on low heat in a convenient container, the process must be closely monitored and the composition must be mixed. After blackening the composition, the fire turns off, and the mixture is ground in a mortar. The blackening process takes place in several steps:

The composition is mixed with water in a ratio of one to 9.
An object prepared for performing actions is lowered into a special container.
The part is heated until blackening occurs, the material must acquire the required shade.

Before applying the inscription, it is necessary to make a background; such cases do not require varnishing. Metal engraving can be done in different shades, it is enough to mix special substances. A solution of zinc chloride and copper sulfate will give the details a dark brown tint, mixing is done 1 to 1 with water. A grayish tint can be obtained from a mixture of 2 gr. potash and sulfur, ordinary table salt to a liter of water. A solution of potassium sulphide in a ratio of grams to 250 grams. water, will give the product a red tint.

After the end of the activity, the used varnish is removed. There is a blackening technique, the process is not similar to blackening when engraving on metal. The process can be carried out only by mechanical methods, it is impossible to execute it from improvised objects.

Home engraving methods

The metal engraving process is performed by several known methods. All possible options differ in the necessary tools and skills.

Laser engraving carried out on metal will require the necessary equipment. With small volumes of activity, the cost of purchasing equipment can be considered unacceptable. Laser engraving allows you to display the smallest details during work, the drawing looks clear, without blots. This type is suitable for entrepreneurs whose craft is their main source of income.

Manual execution will require only a few tools, the presence of chemical compositions. High quality drawing can only be obtained with certain skills in this area. The tool for work must be perfectly sharpened and varied in order to perform activities at a professional level.

Using a special device for applying drawings and inscriptions

Getting a quality product at the end of the process is the main priority of any craftsman. To do it yourself, at home, the best option is to purchase a tool called an engraver. The presence of a variety of rigs, devices expands the range of applications and makes work convenient. Mechanical engraving is carried out using technology.

Before engraving, you need to prepare a pattern or drawing. You can mark the product with a thin marker or a sharpened pencil, you can also use a carbon copy.
It is necessary to use the tool with sufficient lighting, work in one direction to avoid chipping and burrs.
At the end of the action with the metal, the area of the work is covered with a colorless varnish. To consolidate the result, it is possible to use wax applied in a thin layer to the product.

The use of a hand engraver or a bur of a machine must be done only with a special tool. The choice of attachments is so great that there is a possibility of confusing the tool, which ultimately will lead to damage to the product.

Drawing a picture using a set of materials at hand

Various types of engraving at home can be done by electrochemical action. To use, you will need a set of tools that everyone has at hand.

The capacity corresponds to the full size of the product. The part should fit completely, the neck should be widest for comfortable work. For small items, a faceted glass is suitable, the best option is a glass jar.
Wires for connection with clamps. It is possible to use a household clothespin with foil clips, but it is better to use special crocodiles.
Voltage source. It is enough to charge from a mobile phone with an output of more than 1 amp. It is possible to use a charger for a car battery or household appliances with a capacity of up to 12 volts.
Salt is used in the required concentration, for 250 ml of water, about 2 teaspoons.
Nail polish. In hardware stores, there is a substitute - zapon - varnish. The composition is identical, it can also be easily wiped off with acetone or alcohol.

The process takes place by drawing a pattern on the metal with a toothpick or a needle. After that a layer of varnish is applied to the surface. The positive wire of the power source is applied to the product, the minus is lowered into a glass of water, a metal object. The etching depth of the metal depends on the process time. At the end of the etching process, the varnish layer is removed with acetone.

Engraving on a metal object with a drill

The tool works by removing a layer of metal from the surface of the product.

The price of a boron machine bites, therefore, for use several times, the purchase is not advisable.

To use this method, you will need a set of different attachments. Engraving with a machine does not take a lot of time for preparation and process. Before starting to work with metal, you should test the machine with ordinary metal, get used to work, fully study the structure.

Metal engraving using various equipment

Humanity harnessed the craft of metalworking more than five millennia ago. The technologies that are improving every day make it possible to carry out work with various equipment.

Laser engraving is used in conjunction with paste solution. The solution is applied to the material before the process, to the treated area. A drawing or inscription is burned out with a laser by changing the temperature, a chemical process. The solution accompanies the dissolution of excess material. Laser engraving is used in various ways, but the price is very high due to the use of expensive equipment.

Diamond engraving is carried out with a milling cutter with a special coating and design. The design assumes quadrangular recesses, which shimmer when viewing the product from different angles.

Working with volumetric parts is possible on a milling machine. The equipment can be made at home or purchased from specialized stores. Material processing by milling machine is used in batch production, suitable for souvenirs, key rings and other metal materials.

Manufacturing engraving

The process is no different from working at home. Before the actions, the object is polished, then degreased. Before preparing for the process, the product is tinted with a sulfuric solution, which is evenly distributed over the part.

The drawing is traced with a metal needle on the glued tracing paper. The drawing and shadows are performed as realistically as possible to obtain a high-quality result.

After work, the drawing is covered with a protective layer of colorless varnish or wax. Then the product is wiped dry and polished to obtain a shine.

Tools and materials

If you need high-quality engraving, you should contact the employees of a special workshop. High-quality metal engraving equipment allows you to perform more accurate and beautiful work.

The level of training, the experience of the master play an important role in the process and the final result.

Metal work requires the following materials:

Product or metal piece.
Surface protection varnish.
Production tracing paper.
An engraver is a tool with a metal bur.

How to choose equipment

Each type of equipment will make the process faster and more efficient. Modern technologies make it possible to write out various patterns, inscriptions of high complexity on metal.

For example, the use of a special paste on CNC machines allows you to make patterns on metal with a different contrast. High-quality engraving tools will help to translate drawings and other ideas on metal.

For quality work, it is worth purchasing a professional hand engraving kit. A hand tool will allow you to fill your hand, learn all the subtleties of work. After obtaining the necessary practice and skills, it is possible to move on to more complex methods using specialized equipment.

Metal cutting is performed only with quality tools. Equipment, tooling must be bought in special stores with a quality guarantee. Making a tool at home will require a selection of reliable materials. Stichel and engravers must be perfectly sharpened to obtain the desired end result. A blunt tool can ruin the product, injure the master, when working with cutting surfaces, it is worth observing safety precautions.

In order to engrave metal with your own hands, there are enough methods and technologies. A large number of metals that are engraved make it possible to bring the most creative ideas to life.

Steel engraving technology

There are several types of steel processing, implying mechanical processing and manual processing. Application technology is subdivided into defensive and line technology. The main tool for embossing metal is a graver. It can be purchased at a hardware store or made at home.

In any case, it is worth paying attention to the condition of the cutting element and sharpening it. The engraving technology takes place by removing the top layer of metal in the direction away from you.

Features of engraving on wedding rings

Engraving has been a distinctive feature of wedding rings for a long time. The approach to the inscription or drawing is carried out individually, according to the preference of the customer. The most common methods are the in-depth or grooved method. The most common manual work on jewelry. Jewelers offer a variety of text writing options as well as display methods. The complexity of the work is assessed individually with each customer.

Laser engraving is also a common method. The beam burns out the top layer of metal, and is sealed with varnish. It is important to remember that adjustment to the size of an already finished product is almost impossible, it is necessary to determine in advance the size and type of product

Engraving works [Techniques, techniques, products] Podolskiy Yuri Fedorovich

Blackened engraving

This method is used to increase the contrast of the image engraved on the metal. This method is mainly used for engraving silver items. When engraving for blackening, recesses are made using graters and chisels with a depth of 0.3–0.5 mm, and then the final processing of the drawing is carried out - the lines are aligned and the corners are cut. For this, all types of graters are used, depending on the specifics of the pattern. So, the straight thickened lines of the letters of the handwritten font, which is most often used for engraving under blackening, are engraved with a boltstikheel or flachshtikhel. The rounding of the letters is engraved only with a bolt-pin, and thin lines - with a pin-pin. Everything said for engraving a font applies to engraving a drawing.

At the end of the engraving, the drawing is blackened. For this, all kinds of mastics and paints are used, but the simplest blackening is the filling of the engraved lines with dark brown or black sealing wax.

Depending on the complexity of the pattern and the type of surface, choose one of the following methods of applying blackening. You can fill the recesses of the pattern with crushed sealing wax, after which the metal product is heated. The molten sealing wax fills all the indentations of the engraving, and the excess is removed with a metal ruler or spatula.

If the shape of the product on which the engraving is applied is significantly different from the flat one, use a different method. The metal is heated and sealing wax is applied to it. When melted, the sealing wax fills the engraved grooves. When they are all filled to the end, the excess sealing wax (while it has not yet lost its plasticity) is removed from the metal surface with a steel spatula or palette knife.

Upon completion of blackening, the metal surface contaminated with sealing wax must be sanded again and polished to a shine, this time finally. However, after such treatment, the smallest particles of metal will adhere to the sealing wax filling the engraved grooves. This will make the drawing dull and appear dirty. To restore the luster of the sealing wax, the metal is reheated. As a result, the smallest particles of metal will settle to the bottom of the engraved grooves, and the top layer of sealing wax will acquire a shine and a deep black tone.

This is the general process of blackening. Consider now the old and modern recipes for the mob and methods of processing products.

Caucasian rabble (from old recipes) consists of "1 spool of 84 silver,? pounds of sulfur, 6 spools of red copper and 7 spools of lead. " The alloy is poured onto a cast iron or stone slab and, after cooling, is pounded, washed in water and dried. The powder is ready to use. When covering with black, it is necessary to prepare a dough from 90% black powder and 10% borax solution and fill the grooves on the product with this composition, then put it in the furnace to heat and melt the black. After coating, the product is removed, cooled and polished.

In Germany, craftsmen prefer this method of blackening: a small amount of borax is added to 1 part of silver and 2 parts of copper. In a steel crucible, 3 parts of lead are melted to add it to the silver-copper alloy. Liquid lead is slowly poured into a silver-copper alloy and mixed well. A tall crucible is filled up to half with yellow powdery sulfur and heated: 1.2–1.5 parts of sulfur (by volume) are taken for 1 part of the alloy. The resulting ternary alloy is poured into heated sulfur powder with constant stirring. The crucible is kept warm so that the mixture does not freeze. Sulfur partially burns out, it must then be added to the composition. By vigorous stirring, a good interaction of the parts is achieved, due to which the silver and copper form a black compound with sulfur, which is poured into the water. The resulting black should be hard and brittle, like glass. If its pieces can still be bent, then you should melt it again, but remember that excessive heating or too long a stay in the oven can lead to burnout of sulfur. Then, ammonium chloride powder, which serves as a flux, is dissolved in hot distilled water. It is added to the black pieces and the mixture is ground in a porcelain mortar in the required amount, since only fresh ammonium chloride porridge can be applied to the product.

Another way: first prepare separately silver sulfide, copper sulfide and lead sulfide, and then melt them together.

To prepare silver sulfide for 97.8 g of pure silver in the form of crushed shavings, take 20 g of sulfur in powder, mix them and gradually heat them in a graphite crucible to 300–400 ° C. Sulfur diffuses into the metal and forms silver sulphide. Sulfurous copper and lead sulphide are obtained in the same way. To do this, for 800 g of copper take 250 g of sulfur, and for 400 g of lead - 75 g of sulfur. The resulting sulfur compounds are ground and mixed in the following weight ratios: silver sulphide - 111.2 g, copper sulphide - 466.6 and lead sulphide - 422.2 g. As a result, 1 kg of black is obtained, which is poured into a cold graphite crucible, poured on top dry charcoal and placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 800 ° C and after 30-40 minutes, when the black in the crucible heats up to 600-650 ° C, ammonium chloride is added to the crucible at the rate of 284 g of ammonium per 1 kg of mobile. Then the crucible is closed with a graphite lid and, after complete melting, the black is poured into a cast iron mold heated to 300 ° C, in which the alloy slowly cools. There are other recipes for the preparation of moles, in which ammonium chloride, potash with sodium chloride and borax are used as a flux.

There are two ways to apply ink - dry and wet. The dry method consists in the fact that the surface to be blackened is moistened with an aqueous solution of potash, borax and sodium chloride, and finely ground and sifted black powder is poured on it; then the product is carefully dried. In this form, the product goes into firing, which is carried out in muffle furnaces at a temperature of 300–400 ° C. The wet method differs in that the black on the product is applied in the form of a creamy gruel, diluted with water. It is very important that the grooves are clean and free of grease. A crude fine-powder mixture of blacks, diluted in an ammonium chloride solution, is applied with a brush or spatula into the recesses. The mixture is placed as thickly as possible and lightly tamped with a spatula. The recesses must be filled to the brim; for thin engraved designs, the entire surface should be covered with a niello mixture. The workpiece is dried for some time; as soon as the water evaporates, it is pushed into the oven, and when the blacks are melted and all the recesses are filled, they are taken out of the oven. It must be remembered that when overheated, the sulfur particles burn out, the layer becomes porous and spots appear on it. Small amounts of ink can be melted with a soldering iron. In this case, it is necessary to concentrate the flow of heat on the base metal, heating it from the reverse side. When the mass has melted, the heating is stopped. If the molten black has not filled all the depressions, add the required amount and reheat.

This text is an introductory fragment. From the book Artistic metal processing. Enameling and artistic blackening author Melnikov Ilya

Artistic blackening Blackening is the decoration of items made of silver and gold with drawings from niello, which in appearance resembles black enamel. Drawings can be ornamental and plot. Nigth is an ancient way of decorating artistic metals -

From the book Artistic metal processing. Engraving author Melnikov Ilya

From the book Engraving works [Techniques, techniques, products] the author Podolsky Yuri Fedorovich

From the author's book

Engraving a complex ornament The engraving of an ornament begins, as a rule, with curved lines with a bolt-pin no. 6, setting its cutting edge on the contour of the line; press the handle of the grater with the palm of your right hand so that the oval part of the cutting edge goes deep into the metal

From the author's book

Glossy engraving The decorative effect in this type of engraving is achieved by contrasting the matte or dark metal surface with the shiny lines of the engraving. In this way, not only patterns are made, but also calligraphic and handwritten inscriptions.

From the author's book

Engraving texts When engraving a convex text, the excess metal is cut off with a graver, chisel or chisel to a depth of at least 0.3 mm. The finished letter (number) should protrude 0.3–0.5 mm or more above the end of the punch. In normal mode, manual punching or

From the author's book

Mechanical engraving Mechanization of engraving works is possible with the use of special equipment and the use of advanced tools. In this case, you can process a part in one installation, engrave, drill and mill the associated profile.

From the author's book

Chemical engraving of metals The essence of the technological process of making art products by the method of chemical etching (Fig. 33) is as follows: a metal bulk product or plate is covered with a layer of acid and alkali-resistant varnish. After

From the author's book

Electroplated Metal Engraving The second etching method is simple, requires a simple direct current source and allows engraving on all metals and alloys, even hardened and stainless steel. This method is similar to a chemical one.

Today, such a service as laser engraving is very popular, as it allows you to apply various inscriptions and drawings on almost all types of materials. As one of the varieties of this type of work in our workshop in Moscow, you can order engraving with blackening. It assumes a slightly different algorithm for applying images, and also makes it possible to get a more interesting end result.

Blackened engraving can be applied to various types of metals, wood and glass. It can be jewelry or other types of jewelry, phones, laptops, key rings, lighters, pens and any other souvenir products. You can use sketches of any complexity - from inscriptions and logos to full-fledged drawings. The master transfers the sketch provided in electronic form to the desired product and performs the work with the help of a special laser.

How is the blackening of an engraved pattern carried out?

In order to perform engraving with blackening, you can use two methods - chemical and mechanical. They differ in the materials used and the algorithm itself.

Chemical blackening is carried out as follows:

with a special laser, the master engraves the necessary ornament on the product;
after the completion of the work, a special chemical solution is applied to the drawing, which reacts with the material at the places where the engraving is applied;
after the necessary places turn black, wipe off the remnants of the substance with a damp cloth.

A prerequisite for a high-quality result with such engraving is the speed of applying the chemical solution. It can take effect no later than 15 minutes after the end of the work.

It is also very important to take into account all the features of the material that the master takes into work. There are certain metals and alloys that do not respond to the chemical, or can darken completely when exposed to it, losing their attractive appearance. Such products should be handled with great care.

If the material does not lend itself to chemical blackening, its mechanical version is applied to it. This blackening engraving involves the use of several laser modes. As a result, the engraving depth is different, and therefore the color can be achieved darker. The cost of this service is calculated based on the size of the image that is applied, as well as the characteristics of the material of which the product is taken to work.

Advantages of ordering laser engraving with blackening in our workshop

How the product will look after applying text or drawing on it with a laser depends entirely on the quality and accuracy of the equipment used. In our workshop, we work exclusively with the latest technology, using modern and most accurate lasers. Our masters will cope with a task of any complexity in the shortest possible time. The price of our services will not hit your budget.

You can also make a bulk order with us, which will allow you to save a lot. This service option will be the best choice in the manufacture of corporate or souvenir branded products.

Blackening engraving is a great way to transform a piece of jewelry or gadget, to mark a significant date or event, to give symbolism to a gift. In any case, the specialists of our workshop in Moscow will cope with their task perfectly, making you happy with the final result.